Bell Work Day 1 Write the Standard in your notes. Explain the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands. (page 197 in small books) 1
Standard Day 1 24) List the structures of the, explain the functions of each, describe the hormones related to each structure, and summarize the positive and negative effects on the body. Debate in a written or oral format the effects of human growth hormone use in athletes. 4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the 2
Objectives Day 1 Identify the structures of the by labeling a diagram Explain the function of the hormones produced by each endocrine gland through the creation of an Glandular High School yearbook. 4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the 3
4.03 Remember the structures of the *Gland (endocrine/exocrine) any organ that produces a secretion (hormone/chemical) Endocrine glands -organized groups of tissues that use materials from the blood and lymph to make new compounds called hormones -also called ductless glands; the hormones are secreted directly into the blood stream 4
Exocrine glands Another type of gland in which secretions must go through a duct. -the duct carries the secretion to a body surface or organ -exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, lacrimal, and pancreas 5
Function of the Endocrine System Human behavior is shaped by the endocrine system and the nervous system working together. *Hormone release provides immediate body responses because the hormones are directed toward target organ cells. 6
Functions of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Hormone Control (negative feedback) Occurs when there is a drop in the level of a hormone. The drop triggers a chain reaction of responses to increase the amount of hormone in the blood. 4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the 7
Major glands of the endocrine system 1. Pituitary 2. Pineal 3. Thyroid 4. Parathyroid 5. Thymus 6. Adrenals 7. Gonads 8. Pancreas 8
The *Pituitary Gland Known as : The Master Gland because of it s major influence on the body s activities Size of a grape *Located at the base of the brain 9
The Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland and its hormones *Anterior lobe produces 7 hormones *Posterior lobe stores and releases 2 hormones produced by the hypothalamus 10
Anterior Pituitary Lobe 1. *Growth hormone (GH) responsible for growth and development * also helps fat to be used as energy, saving glucose and helping to maintain blood sugar levels. 11
Anterior Pituitary Lobe 2. *Prolactin Hormone develops breast tissue and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth 12
Anterior Pituitary Lobe 3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Stimulates the growth and secretion of the thyroid gland 4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Stimulates the growth and secretion of the adrenal cortex 13
Anterior Pituitary Lobe 5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Stimulates the growth of the Graafian follicle and the production of estrogen in females, and stimulates the production of sperm in the male. 6. Luteinizing hormone Stimulates the growth of the Graafian follicle and the production of estrogen and the formation of the corpus luteum after ovulation, which produces progesterone in the female. In the male, it is necessary for the production of testosterone. 14
Anterior Pituitary Lobe 7. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) Target Organ: Melanocytes (melanin cells) in the skin Melanin controls skin pigmentation (color) as well as protects the epidermis from the harmful sun s rays 15
*Posterior Pituitary Lobe (stores for the Hypthalamus) 1.Vasopressin Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Maintains water balance by reducing urinary output 2.*Oxytocin Promotes milk ejection and causes contraction of the smooth muscles of the uterus *a synthetic derivative of this hormone (oxytocin) could be given to induce labor 4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the 16
Pineal Gland Located in the 3 rd ventricle in the brain Small pinecone shaped organ Produces the hormone melatonin. There are no clear answers as to the function of melatonin; however, melatonin causes body temperature to drop. Falling asleep is associated with lowered body temperature. 17
*Thymus Gland -Serves both the and the lymphatic system -*Located under (posterior) the sternum -Large during childhood but disappears with age. (puberty) -Secretes hormone, thymosin, which helps to stimulate the lymphoid cells that are responsible for the production of T cells, which fight certain diseases *The thymus is critical to the development of the immune system 4.03 Remember the structures of the 18
*Adrenal Gland There are two adrenal glands. -*One is located on top of each kidney. - *Each gland has two parts: 1. *Cortex outside (stimulated by ACTH) hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are known as corticoids which are very effective as anti-inflammatory drugs. The cortex secretes 3 groups of corticoids: *Mineralocorticoids-aldosterone (reabsorption) *Glucocorticoids-increase glucose in the blood *Androgens (male sex hormones) 4.03 Remember the structures of the 19
Adrenal Gland 2. *Medulla inside secretes epinephrine (adrenalin), a powerful cardiac stimulant, and norepinephrine. *The adrenal medulla responds to the sympathetic nervous system. The hormones produced are referred to as the fight-or-flight hormones, because they prepare the body for an emergency. The adrenalin (EPINEPHRINE) causes the heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure to increase, and mental alertness increases. 20
*Pancreas *Located behind the stomach; also a digestive organ Both an endocrine and exocrine gland The endocrine portion is involved in the production of insulin (regulates blood glucose) by the B cells of the Islets of Langerhans *Contains the Islets of Langerhans-specialized cells in the pancreas that produce insulin *Lack of insulin secretion by the islet cells causes diabetes mellitus. 21
Crash Course Video Watch the video and follow along with guided notes. Make sure to start on the side marked Endocrine System Part 1. (10 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewhh9je2zg4 22
Individual Project You will create a Glandular High School Yearbook. Use the worksheet as a guide. Be creative, use construction paper, draw or color or cut out pictures. You must have an actual picture/drawing of each organ (EXCEPT THE GONADS). You must have other visual representations. You must address at least FOUR of the prompts from the worksheet for each organ. 23
Exit Ticket/Bell Work Day 2 1. Which endocrine gland is the master gland? 2. Which endocrine gland is also an accessory organ to the digestive system? 3. Which endocrine gland plays a major role in the immune system? 4. Which hormone is associated with flight or fight? 5. What does the anti-diuretic hormone do? 24
Standards Day 2 24) List the structures of the, explain the functions of each, describe the hormones related to each structure, and summarize the positive and negative effects on the body. Debate in a written or oral format the effects of human growth hormone use in athletes. 25
Objectives Day 2 Identify the structures of the by labeling a diagram Explain the function of the hormones produced by each endocrine gland through the creation of an Glandular High School yearbook. Summarize the positive and negative feedback example of the thyroid. 26
- Butterfly shaped *Thyroid Gland - -Located in the anterior neck on either side of the larynx, over the trachea - *Secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin 27
Thyroid Gland Thyroxine controls the rate of cellular metabolism, heat production, and oxidation of all cells. Calcitonin Maintains proper calcium level in the bloodstream Crash Course Part 2-Cascades Thyroid example https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scv_m91mn-q 28
Parathyroid Glands -Four glands; Size of a grain of rice -Attached to the posterior thyroid -Secretes the hormone parathormone which, like calcitonin, also controls the concentration of calcium in the bloodstream. 29
Gonads Sex glands Testes (male) responsible for producing sperm and the hormone testosterone. - Produced by the interstitual cells of the testes, *testosterone is responsible for the development of the male reproductive organs and secondary male characteristics. (beard and body hair, deepening of the voice, increase in musculature, and the production of sperm.) 30
Sex glands: Gonads Ovaries (female) responsible for producing the ova or egg and the hormones estrogen and progesterone. *Estrogen stimulates the development of the reproductive organs, including the breast, and secondary sex characteristics such as pubic and axillary hair, prepares for menstruation. Progesterone works with estrogen to build up the lining of the uterus for the fertilized egg 31
Hypothalamus part of the nervous system and endocrine system 32
Hypothalamus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ds7bc_2bue (6 MIN) Communicates with the anterior pituitary by way of blood capillaries. Communicates with the posterior pituitary by was of nerve cells. Produces releasing hormones that instruct the anterior pituitary to produce hormones that will stimulate other endocrine glands. Produces two hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary that stimulate other specific body organs. 33
Individual Project You will create a Glandular High School Yearbook. Use the worksheet as a guide. Be creative, use construction paper, draw or color or cut out pictures. You must have an actual picture/drawing of each organ (EXCEPT THE GONADS). You must have other visual representations. You must address at least FOUR of the prompts from the worksheet for each organ. 34
EXIT TICKET 1. Which endocrine gland is shaped like a butterfly? 2. The parathyroid glands are located on the (anterior or posterior) portion of the thyroid gland. 3. What is the role of progesterone? 4. The pituitary produces all the hormones it releases? True OR False 35
Bell Work Day 3 Name all of the endocrine glands we have discussed so far without looking at previous notes or diagrams. Which endocrine gland would you be willing to live without and why? 36
Standard 37
Ojectives Explain the structure and function of the specialized endocrine and reproductive organ: the placenta. Debate the effects of the human growth hormone used in athletes in a writing activity. 38
Baby and Placenta How much would you guess the placenta weighs? a. 1 pound b. 1 and ½ pounds c. 2 pounds 39
Where is the placenta located? 40
Cross-Section of the Placenta 41
The function of the placenta during pregnancy. Connection between mother and baby: transports wastes away from the baby and also nutrients to the baby. But it is also a special endocrine organ. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), estrogens, and progesterone help maintain a normal pregnancy and prepare a woman's breasts for milk production and breastfeeding. In a normal pregnancy, hcg stimulates the ovary to produce estrogens and progestins and helps stimulate normal development of the fetal genitals. The estrogens in the placenta stimulate breast development, promote normal labor, and help produce a steady rise in prolactin. The progestins stimulate breast development and help reduce uterine muscle contractions until the baby has fully developed. Human placental lactogen increases the amount of blood glucose and lipids (fatty substances) circulating in the mother's blood to ensure there is a food source for the developing baby. 42
Placenta Previa 43
Examining the Placenta https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uizemjfbeog 44
Weird Fact!!! In some cultures the placenta is saved after delivery and then EATEN!! According to some cultures it provides health benefits. 45
Activity Read the following three articles and summarize the possible effects of the human growth hormone in 3 quality paragraphs. After summarizing, state your opinion on weather or not it should be used by athletes or those that are aging. Why? https://www.livestrong.com/article/24577-effects-hgh-athletes/ https://www.livescience.com/32601-does-human-growth-hormonereally-help-athletes.html https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/growthhormone-athletic-performance-and-aging 46
Finished? Finish your Glandular High School Yearbook If you have also completed the yearbook project, beginning working on the following slide 47
Extended Learning!!! 48