Wiltshire Children and Young People s Health and Wellbeing Survey 2015: Risky behaviours

Wiltshire Children and Young People s Health and Wellbeing Survey 2015: Risky behaviours Document Prepared by Simon Hodsdon Public Health Analyst Public Health Intelligence Team E-Mail: Simon.Hodsdon@wiltshire.gov.uk Katie Currie Public Health Specialist Wiltshire Public Health & Public Protection E-mail: Katie.currie@wiltshire.gov.uk Page 1 of 31

Background The Wiltshire Children and Young People s Health and Wellbeing Survey aims to develop a better understanding of Wiltshire s children and young people s experiences of life, both inside and outside school. The survey helps schools to identify areas for improvement and address particular issues raised by their own pupils and to provide evidence to influence future services provided by Wiltshire Council and their partners that improve the health and wellbeing of our young people. It was commissioned by Wiltshire Council and carried out by Foster and Brown Research Limited. All schools in Wiltshire were invited to take part in the voluntary survey, which was carried out from January to April 2015. The questionnaire was completed online by pupils in year groups 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12. There were three versions of questionnaire designed separately for primary, secondary and Year 12/FE college pupils, plus a version for children and young people with special educational needs. The questions covered a wide range of aspects of young people s lives, these were healthy lifestyles, learning experience, relationships, wellbeing, safety, aspirations and support requirements. The survey was carried out in 64 schools and colleges across Wiltshire in 19 of the 20 community areas, and 6,912 pupils completed the survey. The large number of children and young people involved means that we can have confidence that the responses are representative of Wiltshire s children and young people. The survey was designed online and took advantage of the additional capabilities online surveys bring including accurate sliding response questions and presenting questions to a respondent based on their previous answers. It is planned that the survey will be repeated in 2017 and it will be run as an on-going partnership project every 2 years. This approach allows us to track how behaviours are changing over time. Schools have been given access to their own data, which they can compare to a County average. This means that they can make informed decisions about how to support the health and wellbeing needs of their pupils, and also use the data to monitor the impact of interventions. This report provides detailed findings surrounding risky behaviours (cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol and drug taking) from the survey. Where possible comparisons have been made based on the results from the Wiltshire survey to two recent national reports that consider similar themes providing a useful benchmark. A number of other topic reports based on survey findings will be published surrounding emotional health and wellbeing, healthy lifestyles and feelings of safety throughout 2016. The report starts by providing a summary of the results. After which detail is given about the demographic of the respondents and then all questions directly relating to risky behaviours are presented graphical and with short descriptive text. Page 2 of 31

Summary The National Health Behaviours of School Aged Children in England (2015) report, which focuses on the health of 11-15 year olds, tells us that young people are smoking, drinking, getting drunk, and having early sex significantly less than they did in 2002. Whilst this is positive, there is concern nationally that this may not be the case for all young people and that some groups may be experiencing poorer health outcomes than others. The Wiltshire pupil health and wellbeing survey has shown that most Wiltshire children and young people do not engage in these risky behaviours. However, it also highlights areas for concern. We also see many inequalities in health for vulnerable groups of young people such as special educational needs and disability, free school meals and young carers. Vulnerable young people smoke more, many of the vulnerable groups at secondary school drink more frequently and drug taking is higher for secondary school young people who receive free school meals and young carers. It is important that we focus our attention on the people in our communities who are experiencing health inequalities, but we must also remember that Wiltshire is a healthy county; 94% of Wiltshire children and young people do not smoke, 94% of secondary school children do not frequently drink and 93 % have never taken illegal drugs. Page 3 of 31

Smoking cigarettes 99% of primary school children and 94% of secondary school children reported that they do not smoke. However, 18% of post-secondary school children reported they smoked. The secondary school sample shows higher percentages of smokers in all the vulnerable groups and this is also true for the post-secondary school sample except for the Special education need and disability group (SEN&D) whose population smoke less frequently. Of those who smoke monthly or more frequently more than 78% of those in a secondary school setting and 84% of those in a post-secondary school setting reported that they wanted help to stop smoking. Drinking alcohol 1% of primary school respondents, 6% of secondary school respondents and 29% of the postsecondary school sample reportedly drink alcohol weekly or most days. A majority of respondents from all the school settings normally get their alcohol from the home with their parents permission. The second most common way for the secondary school respondents to obtain alcohol is through friends (18%). 15% of post-secondary school pupils mainly get their alcohol at a pub or club. Illegal drugs Nearly 1 in 5 secondary school pupils and nearly 1 in 2 post-secondary school pupils report being offered illegal drugs. Less than 1 in 10 secondary school respondents reported trying illegal drugs. In the post-secondary school sample 27% of respondents reported having tried illegal drugs. In the post-secondary school sample a larger proportion of males reported having tried illegal drugs ( compared to 25%). There are a slightly larger percentage of respondents from all the vulnerable groups in the secondary school sample who have tried illegal drugs than the Wiltshire average (Figure 28). In the post-secondary school sample a very large proportion of young carers and those receiving free school meals appear to be more susceptible to trying illegal drugs (37% and 36%) than any other vulnerable group and the Wiltshire average. When those who have tried drugs were asked which drugs had they tried the largest selected drug was cannabis for both secondary school (48%) and post-secondary school (5). Legal drugs When asked which legal drugs you have tried few pupils responded to the question and very few respondents reported taking any legal highs. However, 16% of post-secondary pupils who responded to the question reported taking Nitrous Oxide. Prescription drugs Less than of the secondary school and post-secondary school samples have inappropriately tried prescription drugs. Page 4 of 31

Table of Contents Background... 2 Summary... 3 Smoking cigarettes... 4 Drinking alcohol... 4 Illegal drugs... 4 Legal drugs... 4 Prescription drugs... 4 Response demographic... 7 Table 1: Overall response... 7 Figure 1: Survey response population pyramid... 7 Table 2: Ethnicity... 8 Table 3: Military carers... 8 Table 4: Social worker involved... 8 Table 5: Special Educational Needs and/or disabled... 9 Table 6: Free School Meals... 9 Table 7: Young carer... 9 Results... 10 Smoking cigarettes... 10 Figure 2; Question 3.01: Do you smoke cigarettes?... 10 Figure 5; Question 3.14: How many cigarettes do you smoke a week?... 13 Figure 7; Question 3.16: Do you want to stop smoking?... 14 Figure 9; Question 3.03: Do you want help to stop smoking?... 15 Figure 11; Question 4.20: How helpful have you found it to learn about the things listed below: Smoking... 16 Figure 12; Question 3.14 and Question 6.07: Most frequent smokers, and how frequently they are being bullied... 17 Figure 13; Question 3.14 and Question 6.32: Most frequent smokers, and how good they are at making and keeping friends... 18 Drinking Alcohol... 19 Figure 14; Question 3.04: Do you drink alcohol?... 19 Figure 17; Question 3.06: Have you ever been drunk?... 21 Figure 19; Question 3.15: Where do you normally get alcohol from?... 22 Figure 21; Question 4.20.01: How helpful have you found it to learn about the things listed below: Alcohol... 23 Page 5 of 31

Illegal drugs... 24 Figure 22; Question 3.08: Have you ever been offered illegal drugs?... 24 Figure 25; Question 3.09: Have you ever tried illegal drugs?... 25 Figure 26; Question 3.08 and Question 3.09: Of those who have been offered illegal drugs what percentage has ever tried illegal drugs?... 26 Question 3.10 Which drugs have you tried?... 27 Legal drugs... 28 Question 3.21: Which so called legal highs have you tried?... 28 Prescription drug misuse... 28 Figure 29; Question 3.22: Have you ever been offered prescription drugs (medicine you can only get from a doctor) that are NOT your own, for fun or to feel good? This is sometimes called Pharming. (e.g. Vallium, Amphetamines etc. this does NOT mean normal medicine like paracetamol or aspirin from your parents)... 28 Figure 30; Question 3.23: Have you ever tried prescription drugs (medicine you can only get from your doctor) that are NOT your own? This is sometimes called Pharming. (e.g. Vallium, Amphetamines etc. this does NOT mean normal medicine like paracetamol or aspirin from your parents).... 29 Question 3.24: Which prescription drugs that are NOT your own have tried?... 29 Education... 30 Figure 31; Question : Are there any areas in your life that you feel you need more support or knowledge in?... 30 Next steps... 31 Page 6 of 31

Response demographic Nearly 7,000 respondents completed the survey, which is 11% percent of the Wiltshire population of 8 to 18 year olds. Table 1 provides a breakdown of what year groups these respondents came from. Table 1: Overall response Education level Primary school Postsecondary school Total School year Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Total Year 8 Year 10 Total Year 12 Number 1073 445 1098 2616 1462 1444 2906 1390 6912 Age and gender information was collected from the respondents and this has been presented in a population pyramid in figure 1. Figure 1: Survey response population pyramid Male Female 19 and over 81 83 18 131 81 17 258 291 16 198 266 15 296 464 14 274 384 13 324 462 12 278 388 11 268 274 10 9 390 368 356 390 8 268 259 600 400 200 0 200 400 600 Page 7 of 31

The vast majority of responses in all school types were White British. Of the minority groups no single category was large enough to be representative. When compared to the most recent ethnicity information from the 2011 census the survey has a lower proportion of respondents claiming to be white British (92% of 0-19 year olds reporting being White British in the 2011 census). This could be a reflection of a more diverse ethnic group responding to the survey or an impact of the nonrespondents to the question potentially being White British. Table 2: Ethnicity Primary school White British 2245 86% 2471 85% 1238 89% Refused/non 180 7% 87 3% 27 2% response Other 191 7% 348 12% 125 9% The vast majority of respondents lived with their parents (95%). The percentage does drop with school type with 98% of primary school respondents living with their parents and 91% of postsecondary school adults living with their parents. In the 2015 Wiltshire school census of primary school, 6% of secondary school and 7% of postsecondary school pupils reported having a carer in the military. Similar proportions were seen in the survey respondents. A decreasing trend could be seen in the percentage of children with military parents and the school type as seen in table 3. 12% of Primary school children had military parents, this fell to 9% in secondary school and 6% in post-secondary school. This could be a sign that the carer has exited the forces by this time or that less children with a military carer go onto postsecondary school education. Table 3: Military carers Primary school Post-Secondary school Military carer 301 12% 246 9% 89 6% Non-military carer 2299 88% 2641 91% 1288 94% Few respondents reported having a social worker (table 4). The highest proportion of children with a social worker was in Primary school 6.4%. Table 4: Social worker involved Primary school Post-secondary school Have a social 165 6.4% 114 3.9% 52 3.8% worker No social worker 2421 93.6% 2774 96.1% 1330 96.2% Wiltshire council currently looks after around 400 children. In this survey nearly 100 children reported being either a child in care, a looked after child or a child living with foster parents. This is 1.4% of the survey respondents. Page 8 of 31

In the 2015 Wiltshire school census 17% of pupils in primary school, 17% of secondary school and 6% of post-secondary school pupils are classified as having a special education need or disability. 11% of primary school pupils, 9% of secondary school pupils and 12% of post-secondary school pupils from the survey reported having a disability or SEN classification. Table 5: Special Educational Needs and/or disabled Primary school Post-secondary school SEN&D 293 11% 262 9% 165 12% Non- 2323 89% 2644 91% 1225 88% SEN&D In the 2015 Wiltshire school census 9% of pupils in primary school, 8% of secondary school and 2% of post-secondary school pupils are offered free school meals. of primary school pupils, 8% of secondary school pupils and 9% of post-secondary school pupils knew they were eligible for free school meals in the survey sample. Table 6: Free School Meals Primary school Post-secondary school Eligible 245 235 8% 122 9% Not 1842 74% 2232 78% 1019 79% eligible Didn't know 418 17% 380 13% 149 12% Supporting young carers is important. To help understand a young carers needs respondents were asked whether they were young carers. In the survey there were over 200 young carers (table 7). When compared to the most recent information from the 2011 census a much larger proportion of respondents from the survey reported providing unpaid care. The 2011 census reports that 1% of 0-15 year olds and 4% of 16 to 24 year olds provide unpaid care. Table 7: Young carer Post-secondary school Yes 181 7% 64 5% No 2533 93% 1272 95% Total 2714 1336 Page 9 of 31

Results 31 figures are presented on the following pages describing the results of over 18 questions. All results are broken into school phase; primary, secondary or post-secondary. For many of the questions gender and vulnerable groups comparisons are presented. The data has been broken down into certain groups of people as there is evidence to show that these groups are more likely to experience health inequalities than others. A health inequality is generally regarded as being the health outcome difference observed between and within communities. The differences are not inevitable, but things we can work to change (Marmot, 2005). The vulnerable groups included in this report are those reportedly receiving free school meals, those with a parent or carer in the military, those reportedly caring for someone and those reporting to have a special education need or disability. The questions have been broken down into sections that represent aspects of risky behaviours. These are smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, illegal drugs and legal drugs. Throughout this document we have highlighted findings from National reports that have asked similar questions. Caution must be used when comparing to other sources of data as subtle difference in the questions, choices for answers and populations who answered, can lead to comparisons that are misleading. Smoking cigarettes In the survey a number of questions related to cigarette consumption were asked. The first of these was whether respondents smoked. Figure 2 shows that 99% of primary school children and 94% of secondary school children reported that they do not smoke. However, 18% of post-secondary school children reported they smoked. Nationally 8% of 15 year olds state that they smoke, of which 5% were regular smokers and 3 % smoked occasionally (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015). Figure 2; Question 3.01: Do you smoke cigarettes? 10 99% 94% Priamry school 9 8 7 78% 6 5 4 2 18% 2% 3% 1% 4% Never/Not often (eg tried once or twice) Sometimes (eg monthly) Quite often (eg weekly)/most days Page 10 of 31

Figure 3 shows that very little difference between the genders exists when considering whether they smoke. Excluding primary school respondents 11% of girls and 12% of boys reported smoking monthly or more frequently. A National survey of 15 year olds found girls were more likely to report current smoking than boys ( compared with 7%) and they were more likely than boys to have ever tried smoking (28% compared with 21%) (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015).. Figure 3; Question 3.01: Do you smoke cigarettes? Gender 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 10 99% 94% 94% 77% 79% Never/Not often (eg tried once or twice) Primary school Female Primary school Male 2% 2% 3% 3% 1% 4% 5% Sometimes (eg monthly) Female Male Female Male 19% 18% Quite often (eg weekly)/most days Page 11 of 31

When comparing whether a respondent smokes to the main vulnerable groups no differences can be seen in the primary school sample (Figure 4). The secondary school sample shows higher percentages of smokers in all the vulnerable groups and this is also true for the post-secondary school sample except for the Special education need and disability group (SEN&D) whose population smoke less frequently. National data is not broken down into vulnerable groups in the same way, making a comparison difficult. However National data does show a strong link between living in a deprived area and smoking (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015). Figure 4; Question 3.01: Do you smoke cigarettes? Vulnerable groups 10 9 8 98% 99% 99% 99% 88% 9 86% 86% 94% Never/Not often (eg tried once or twice) Sometimes (eg monthly) Quite often (eg weekly)/most days 81% 78% 7 63% 7 64% 6 5 4 2 34% 23% 17% 18% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% FSM Military Young carer 8% 9% 6% 4% 3% 4% 4% SEN&D Wiltshire FSM Military Young carer 4% 2% 3% 7% 7% SEN&D Wiltshire FSM Military Young carer Primary school 2% SEN&D 3% Wiltshire Page 12 of 31

Of those who reported smoking cigarettes weekly or daily (Figure 5) 56% in the post-secondary school sample and 38% in the secondary school sample reported smoking 20 or more a week. Figure 5; Question 3.14: How many cigarettes do you smoke a week? 6 56% 5 4 38% 26% 2 12% 13% 9% 8% 2% 0 5 10 15 20 or more Figure 6 indicates that of those who smoke monthly or more frequently a larger proportion of males in secondary school and post-secondary school smoke 20 or more a week than females. Figure 6; Question 3.14: How many cigarettes do you smoke a week? Gender 7 6 5 Male Female Male Female 46% 58% 53% 4 31% 31% 2 21% 16% 15% 13% 12% 11% 11% 6% 7% 8% 8% 6% 3% 2% 0 5 10 15 20 or more Page 13 of 31

Figure 7 shows that of those who smoke cigarettes monthly or more 41% of secondary school and post-secondary school pupils want to stop smoking. Figure 7; Question 3.16: Do you want to stop smoking? 45% 4 41% 41% 35% 25% 2 Yes 15% 5% Figure 8 shows that a larger proportion of females want to stop smoking than males in both secondary school and post-secondary school settings. Figure 8; Question 3.16: Do you want to stop smoking? Gender 5 47% 44% 45% 39% 4 35% Female Male Female Male 35% 25% 2 15% 5% Female Male Female Male Page 14 of 31

Of those who smoke monthly or more frequently more than 78% of those in a secondary school setting and 84% of those in a post-secondary school setting reported that they wanted help to stop smoking (Figure 9). Figure 9; Question 3.03: Do you want help to stop smoking? 9 78% 8 84% 7 6 5 4 Yes 2 A large proportion of both genders in secondary school and post-secondary school want help to stop smoking (Figure 10). Figure 10; Question 3.03: Do you want help to stop smoking? Gender 10 Yes 9 85% 84% 87% 8 77% 7 6 5 4 2 Female Male Female Male Page 15 of 31

56% of the post-secondary school sample and 61% of the secondary school sample have found it quite helpful or very helpful to learn about smoking (Figure 11). Figure 11; Question 4.20: How helpful have you found it to learn about the things listed below: Smoking 7 61% 6 54% Primary school 56% 5 4 38% 26% 2 19% 18% 2 7% Not helpful at all/not helpful enough Just about helpful enough Quite helpful/very helpful Page 16 of 31

All respondents were asked how frequently they have been seriously bullied. The post-secondary school sample showed no meaningful difference between those who smoked weekly daily and their reported frequency of being bullied (figure 12). However, in the secondary school sample the proportion of respondents who reported smoking weekly or daily were more likely to say they had been bullied weekly or daily than the average secondary school sample. Nationally smoking prevalence was higher among young people who had been bullied as well as those who had bullied others in the last couple of months, compared with those who had not been involved in bullying. Young people who had bullied others were more likely to be regular smokers (13%) than those who had not bullied others (5%). Those who had been bullied were nearly twice as likely to be a regular smoker (7%), compared with those who had not been bullied (4%; Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015). Figure 12; Question 3.14 and Question 6.07: Most frequent smokers, and how frequently they are being bullied 10 91% 88% 9 86% frequent smokers 8 frequent smokers 71% 7 6 5 4 24% 2 4% 3% 6% 3% 9% 8% 6% No/Not often (eg once or twice) Sometimes (eg monthly) Quite often (eg weekly)/most days Respondents were asked how good they are at keeping or making friends. Frequent smokers in the post-secondary school sample showed no difference in their perceived ability to make or keep friends (Figure 13). However, a larger proportion of frequent smokers in the secondary school setting reported being not at all good or not very good at making or keeping friends. Page 17 of 31

Figure 13; Question 3.14 and Question 6.32: Most frequent smokers, and how good they are at making and keeping friends 8 72% 76% 74% 75% 7 6 5 4 frequent smokers frequent smokers 2 18% 11% 12% 11% 13% 14% 14% Not at all good/not very good OK Good/Very good Page 18 of 31

Drinking Alcohol The proportion of respondents who drink alcohol increases with the school setting due to increasing age of respondents (Figure 14). 29% of the post-secondary school sample reportedly drank alcohol weekly or most days and the same percentage reported drinking at least monthly. A National survey of 15 year olds found that over half of young people reported currently drinking alcohol (57%). 43% of all young people were non-drinkers, meaning that they either have never had an alcoholic drink or they no longer drink alcohol. 6% of all young people were classed as regular drinkers (drinking alcohol at least once a week). 8% of young people drink alcohol about once a fortnight, 11% drink about once a month, and 32% drink only a few times a year (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015). Figure 14; Question 3.04: Do you drink alcohol? 10 96% Primary school 9 81% 8 7 6 5 42% 4 29% 29% 2 13% 2% 1% 6% Never/Not often (eg tried once or Sometimes (eg monthly) Quite often (eg weekly)/most twice) days No meaningful differences in alcohol consumption can be seen between genders (Figure 15). A National survey of 15 year olds found that boys were slightly more likely than girls to be regular drinkers (7% and 6% respectively) (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015). Figure 15; Question 3.04: Do you drink alcohol? Gender 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 99% 94% 81% 8 44% 41% Never/Not often (eg tried once or twice) 28% 28% 29% 13% 13% 1% 4% 6% 7% 1% 2% Sometimes (eg monthly) Primary school Female Primary school Male Female Male Female Male Quite often (eg weekly)/most days Page 19 of 31

Between the vulnerable groups no meaningful difference in alcohol consumption can be seen in primary school (Figure 16). In secondary school the proportion of SEN&D and young carers who drink is higher than the Wiltshire average. In the post-secondary school sample many of the vulnerable groups had lower percentages of respondents who drank alcohol. There is no National data broken down in the same way as this data. However, a National survey of 15 year olds found that rates of drinking also varied by deprivation, with young people in the least deprived areas being more likely to have ever drunk alcohol than those in the most deprived areas (7 and 5 respectively; Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015). Figure 16; Question 3.04: Do you drink alcohol? Vulnerable groups 10 9 8 7 94% 95% 93% 96% 78% 77% 73% 71% 81% Never/Not often (eg tried once or twice) Sometimes (eg monthly) Quite often (eg weekly)/most days 6 5 4 2 5% 1% 3% 2% 3% 4% 2% 1% FSM Military Young carer 18% 19% 13% 14% 9% 9% 9% SEN&D Wiltshire FSM Military Young carer 13% 6% 52% 24% 23% 5 17% 33% 39% 31% 29% SEN&D Wiltshire FSM Military Young carer 54% 2 26% 42% 29% 29% SEN&D Wiltshire Primary school Page 20 of 31

of post-secondary school respondents reported being drunk weekly or most days and a further 4 have been drunk monthly (Figure 17). respondents reported being drunk less frequently than the post-secondary school respondents. A National survey of 15 year olds found that 15% had been drunk at least once within the 4 week period prior to them completing the questionnaire (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015). Figure 17; Question 3.06: Have you ever been drunk? 9 84% 8 7 6 59% 5 4 4 23% 2 7% 9% Never/Not often (e.g. once or Sometimes (e.g. monthly) twice) Primary school A smaller proportion of males in secondary school reported being drunk monthly, weekly or most days than secondary school females (Figure 18). No meaningful difference exists between the genders in the primary school or post-secondary school samples. A National survey of 15 year olds found that more girls (18%) than boys (12%) had been drunk in the last 4 weeks (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015). 18% Quite often (e.g.weekly)/most days Figure 18; Question 3.06: Have you ever been drunk? Gender 9 84% 8 Primary school Female 8 Primary school Male 7 Female 63% Male 6 56% Female 5 Male 41% 38% 4 31% 32% 28% 25% 21% 19% 2 17% 13% 6% 7% Never/Not often (e.g. once or twice) Sometimes (e.g. monthly) Quite often (e.g. weekly)/most days Page 21 of 31

A majority of respondents from all the school settings normally get their alcohol from the home with their parents permission (Figure 19). The second most common way for the secondary school respondents to obtain alcohol is through friends (18%). 15% of post-secondary school pupils mainly get their alcohol at a pub or club. Figure 19; Question 3.15: Where do you normally get alcohol from? None of these Someone buys for you Pub or Club Off licence Supermarket Local shop Friends Home (without parents permission) Home (with parents permission) 2% 7% 13% 9% 1% 15% 1% 7% 2% 12% 1% 4% 7% 2% 6% 11% 18% 3% 2% 5% 4% Primary school 38% 56% 61% 2 4 5 6 7 Of those who frequently get drunk (figure 17) in the post-secondary school sample 24% get their alcohol from a pub or club (Figure 20). A further 22% get their alcohol from the home with their parents permission. Figure 20; Question 3.06 and Question 3.15: Of those who frequently get drunk where do they get their alcohol? Pub or Club 24% Home (with parents permission) 22% Supermarket 13% Someone buys for you 13% Local shop 11% Friends Off licence 3% 5% 15% 2 25% Page 22 of 31

Over half of the Primary school respondents did not find it helpful to learn about alcohol (Figure 21). However, in both the secondary school and post-secondary school samples 59% felt learning about alcohol was quite helpful or very helpful. Figure 21; Question 4.20.01: How helpful have you found it to learn about the things listed below: Alcohol 7 6 5 54% Primary school 59% 59% 4 35% 2 19% 17% 22% 25% 11% Not helpful at all/not helpful enough Just about helpful enough Quite helpful/very helpful Page 23 of 31

Illegal drugs Nearly 1 in 5 secondary school pupils and nearly 1 in 2 post-secondary school pupils report being offered illegal drugs (figure 22). Figure 22; Question 3.08: Have you ever been offered illegal drugs? 5 45% 46% 4 35% Yes 25% 2 18% 15% 5% In secondary school a slightly higher percentage of males were offered illegal drugs than females (Figure 23). The size of this difference increases in the post-secondary school population. A National survey of 15 year olds also found higher drug use in boys than girls (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015). Figure 23; Question 3.08: Have you ever been offered illegal drugs? Gender 6 5 Female Male 49% 4 Female Male 43% 2 17% 2 Yes Page 24 of 31

There are a larger percentage of respondents from the vulnerable groups in the secondary school sample who have been offered illegal drugs than the Wiltshire average (Figure 24). In the postsecondary school sample a very large proportion of young carers appear to be more susceptible to being offered illegal drugs (7) than any other vulnerable group and the Wiltshire average. Figure 24; Question 3.08: Have you ever been offered illegal drugs? Vulnerable groups 8 7 7 6 5 4 Yes Wiltshire 52% 46% 46% 44% 46% 46% 4 2 25% 25% 26% 21% 18% 18% 18% 18% FSM Military Young carer SEN&D FSM Military Young carer SEN&D Less than 1 in 10 secondary school respondents reported trying illegal drugs (Figure 25). In the postsecondary school sample 27% of respondents reported having tried illegal drugs. A National survey of 15 year olds also found that 24% had taken drugs (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2015). In the Wiltshire school health survey 14% of 15 year olds reported trying illegal drugs. Figure 25; Question 3.09: Have you ever tried illegal drugs? 27% 25% 2 15% Yes 7% 5% Post-secondary Page 25 of 31

When comparing the respondents result from question 3.8 (Have you ever been offered illegal drugs) to question 3.9 (have you tried illegal drugs) 55% of those offered illegal drugs tried them in the post-secondary school sample and 35% of the secondary school sample tried illegal drugs (Figure 26). Those who had been offered illegal drugs and tried them make up 92% of those who have tried illegal drugs in the post-secondary school sample and 93% of those who have tried illegal drugs in the secondary school sample. Figure 26; Question 3.08 and Question 3.09: Of those who have been offered illegal drugs what percentage has ever tried illegal drugs? 6 5 4 Yes 55% 2 35% The male and female secondary school respondents reported no meaningful difference in the proportion of those who tried illegal drugs (Figure 27). In the post-secondary school sample a larger proportion of males reported having tried illegal drugs ( compared to 25%). Figure 27; Question 3.09: Have you ever tried illegal drugs? Gender 35% 25% 2 Female Male Female Male 25% 15% 7% 6% 5% Yes Page 26 of 31

There are a slightly larger percentage of respondents from the vulnerable groups in the secondary school sample who have tried illegal drugs than the Wiltshire average (Figure 28). In the postsecondary school sample a very large proportion of young carers and those receiving free school meals appear to be more susceptible to trying illegal drugs (37% and 36%) than any other vulnerable group and the Wiltshire average. Figure 28; Question 3.09: Have you ever tried illegal drugs? Vulnerable groups 4 36% 37% 35% Yes Wiltshire 27% 27% 27% 27% 25% 24% 24% 2 15% 11% 12% 7% 7% 7% 7% 5% FSM Military Young carer SEN&D FSM Military Young carer SEN&D Question 3.10 Which drugs have you tried? When those who have tried drugs were asked which drugs had they tried the largest selected drug was cannabis for both secondary school (48%) and post-secondary school (5). Page 27 of 31

Legal drugs Question 3.21: Which so called legal highs have you tried? When asked which legal drugs you have tried very few pupils responded to the question and very few respondents reported taking any legal highs. However, 16% of post-secondary who answered the question reported taking Nitrous Oxide. Prescription drug misuse 1 in 10 respondents from secondary school and post-secondary school settings reported that they had been offered prescription drugs for fun (Figure 29). Figure 29; Question 3.22: Have you ever been offered prescription drugs (medicine you can only get from a doctor) that are NOT your own, for fun or to feel good? This is sometimes called Pharming. (e.g. Vallium, Amphetamines etc. this does NOT mean normal medicine like paracetamol or aspirin from your parents) 14% 12% 12% 11% 8% Yes 6% 4% 2% Page 28 of 31

Less than of the secondary school and post-secondary school samples have tried prescription drugs (figure 30). Figure 30; Question 3.23: Have you ever tried prescription drugs (medicine you can only get from your doctor) that are NOT your own? This is sometimes called Pharming. (e.g. Vallium, Amphetamines etc. this does NOT mean normal medicine like paracetamol or aspirin from your parents). 9% 8% 7% 6% 7% 8% 5% Yes 4% 3% 2% 1% Question 3.24: Which prescription drugs that are NOT your own have tried? Too few respondents reported taking prescription drugs incorrectly for the results of this question to yield meaningful results. Page 29 of 31

Education When asked if there is anything pupils want to know more about around 15% of primary school respondents felt they wanted to know more about smoking and alcohol (Figure 31). Less than of secondary school respondents wanted to know more about smoking, alcohol and drugs. Further, around 7% of post-secondary school respondents felt they needed to know more about smoking, alcohol and drugs. Many other learning development areas have a higher proportion of respondents than smoking, drugs and alcohol. Figure 31; Question : Are there any areas in your life that you feel you need more support or knowledge in? Other None of these Climate change or other environmental issues Self harming Primary school Domestic abuse Internet safety Stress management Money management Parenting skills Getting fit Gaining weight Losing weight Physical activity Healthy eating Relationships Bullying Smoking Alcohol Drugs Cooking skills Anger management STIs Safer sex 2 4 5 6 Page 30 of 31

Next steps The data from this report will help schools to identify areas for improvement and address particular issues raised by their own pupils and to provide evidence to influence future services provided by Wiltshire Council and their partners that improve the health and wellbeing of our children and young people. The survey will be replicated in 2017 and comparison will then be drawn to this report and the future report. If you wish to discuss the data in this report or the other reports please contact the Public health team at Wiltshire Council. Contact Information Simon Hodsdon Public Health analyst Wiltshire Public Health & Public Protection Telephone: 01225 718769 Email: simon.hodsdon@wiltshire.gov.uk Katie Currie Public Health Specialist Wiltshire Public Health & Public Protection Telephone: 01225 718094 Email:Katie.currie@wiltshire.gov.uk Page 31 of 31