Basic knowledge about Drugs Week # 3 Objectives of Session: >Give your view of addiction; >Learn some basic facts about alcohol and other drugs; >Learn how alcohol & drugs effect the mind and body 1
What is and What causes alcohol and Drug Addiction? At the synapse of the neuron in your brain, the second neuron alters the electrical impulses in your brain which gives you an overwhelming URGE for your drug of choice. After a period of time, the first neuron will draw back the dopamine quieting down the URGE. If you act upon the URGE and use more of your drug of choice, then it becomes a vicious cycle. Your body is crying out for more pleasure. 2
What is and What causes alcohol and drug addiction? 3
Definition of a Drug A drug is a substance that changes or alters the way a person feels, thinks and acts. Drugs work because they have an effect on both the person s nervous system by changing the flow of electricity and the release of the body s natural nerve chemicals called neurochemicals. 4
There are two types of drugs. There are drugs that slow down the nervous system and drugs that speed up the working of the nerves. Drugs that slow down the nervous system are called suppressors, sedatives or downers: alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers and opioids such as heroin. Drugs that speed up, excite or pick up the nervous system are called enhancers, stimulants or uppers. Some of these drugs speed up the body and the mind: speed, amphetamines and cocaine. Some of the drugs speed up the mind only: acid, PCP. 5
Drugs have a direct and an indirect effect on people. The direct effect (during use effect) is what is happening when you are on the drug: may be physical (alcohol causes sleepiness); may be psychological (alcohol makes you feel good). The indirect effect is what happens after the drug is no longer in the body. The body reacts to its absence. This is the abstinence reaction to be discussed on the next slide. Indirect effect of alcohol: unable to sleep. Direct effect of cocaine: unable to sleep. 6
Different kinds of drugs will have different direct effects and different indirect (withdrawal) effects. Direct effects of a drug will be different and usually the opposite of an indirect effect of a drug. When alcohol is in the blood, it slows down the nervous system (go to sleep). When it is gone, the nervous system speeds up and you might shake or can t sleep. When cocaine is in the body, the nerves speed up. When cocaine leaves the body, the nervous system shuts down. Both the direct and indirect effects of a drug can cause problems. 7
When drugs are taken, they make your body toxic. Drugs toxify or poison the body. When the drug (drug also includes alcohol) has been in the body for a time, the body has to detoxify when the drug leaves the body. This can cause a shock to the body. We call this the abstinence reaction or withdrawal. Sometimes this reaction is only mental; often it is a direct physical response of the body. It can be dangerous. The reaction can be so strong that the nervous system can have a very strong shock even to the point where it will result in an epileptic seizure. 8
Your tolerance for drugs can increase and you can become physically and psychologically dependent on drugs. As you use certain drugs, you may need more and more of the drug to get the same reaction; or you may find that the same amount of the drug will give you less of what you expect from the drug. This is what we call tolerance. It varies from drug to drug. Where two drinks may have brought on a buzz or to Feeling of relaxation, after some time of using alcohol, you may find that you need three drinks to get the same buzz or to feel the same amount of relaxation. A daily quart of vodka may be required to get the same effect as once did a half pint of vodka. You may need as much as ten times the amount of some narcotics (heroin) to get the same effect. This is one reason why people get dependent on drugs. What was the variance level in your alcohol or drug use? Write a one page essay and discuss with the counselor. 9
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2 + 2 = 5 Mixing two drugs in the body at the same time may increase the strength of one or both drugs. We call this drug interaction. A drug may gets stronger because another drug is in the body. This can be very dangerous. The presence of alcohol and a barbiturate in the body at the same time lowers the fatal dose of the barbiturate by 50 percent. View DVD Effects of Alcohol & Drugs on the mind and body by Dr. Keebler. On line students, your counselor will mail the DVD to you. After viewing, please return by mail to 7411 Creekfield Drive, Spring, TX 77379 Write a one page review on this DVD and discuss with the counselor. 13
FATAL CRASH RESPONSIBILITY OF DRIVERS USING ALCOHOL & MARIJUANA Drugs Alcohol >.05 Marijuana Alcohol & Marijuana Increased Odds of Fatal Crash Responsibility * 5.7 3.0 19.0 * Compared to sober risk of responsibility. 14 B-25 47
What is the pattern of your Do you drink only on weekends or after work? Was the situation which led to your arrest unique or had similar situations previously occurred? drinking? 15
Alcohol is one of the most commonly used drugs and here are some specific facts about alcohol. 1) Alcohol is a sedativehypnotic drug: it puts you to sleep. It is a system suppressor a downer. Alcohol in the body is measured through the Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC). BAC is the percentage of alcohol in the body. A BAC of.10 means that you have one tenth of one percent of alcohol in your body. Alcohol per drink. One drink equals about ½ ounce (12 grams) of pure alcohol. One drink is: a) a 12-ounce can of beer; b) a 4-ounce glass of wine; c) one mixed drink: one ounce of 80 proof (40 % pure alcohol) or one half ounce of pure alcohol. 16
WHICH HAS MORE ALCOHOL? It is the strength of the drink x volume = amount of pure 4 oz. wine has 5% pure alcohol. alcohol Beer - 12 oz. Wine - 4 oz. 12 oz. Beer has 5%5of pure alcohol. Whiskey - 1 oz. A shot of whiskey has 5% pure alcohol. Cooler - 12 oz. 12 oz. wine cooler has 6% pure alcohol. 17 B-2 18
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HOW MANY DRINKS =.08? BODY WEIGHT (LBS) 220 200 # OF 12 OZ. BEERS IN ONE HOUR BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION 180 160 140 120 100 5 4 3 2 4 3 2 1 0.08 When Drinking Rate Exceeds Elimination Rate, BAC Rises. 19 B-4 20
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REMOVING ALCOHOL FROM THE BODY Elimination BREATH 8% ABSORPTION SWEAT 2% LIVER 90% BAC is lowered about.015% per hour. 22 B-5 22
DECISIONS & CONSEQUENCES 23
DEFINITION OF INTOXICATION IN TEXAS Alcohol concentration of.08 or more. Not having normal use of mental or physical faculties because of alcohol or other drugs. 24 A-6 9
Classification of Drinkers Light drinker: one drink. Moderate drinker: two to three drinks Heavy drinker: four to five drinks Excessive drinker: six or more 3 Different cultures in families: 1. Non-Drinkers: Do not want the negative consequences from mind altering substances. 2. Moderate Drinkers: Will drink one or two drinks but never get drunk. 3. Permissive Drinkers: Drink all you want and get as drunk as you want. It s no one s business and you are not hurting anyone else. 25
ADMINISTRATIVE LICENSE REVOCATION (ALR) (FAILED TEST) ARRESTED for DWI, Intoxication Assault, or Intoxication Manslaughter Test is taken and failed (.08 or greater) Adult Penalty Loss of license 90 days if no alcohol/drug contacts in last ten years 1 year if one or more alcohol/drug contacts in last ten years Officer takes possession of license Temporary license for 40 days $125 reinstatement fee 26 A-7 10
DWI PENALTIES IN TEXAS FINES LICENSE LOST JAIL 1 st Up to $2,000 90 days 1 year 72 hours 180 days 2 nd Up to $4,000 180 days 2 years 30 days 1 year 3 rd + Up to $10,000 180 days 2 years 2 10 years 27 A-9 12
LICENSE SURCHARGE ON DWI CONVICTIONS DWI, Intoxication Assault, Intoxication Manslaughter Conviction $1,000 per year for first conviction within a 36 month period $1,500 per year for subsequent convictions within a 36 month period $2,000 on a first or subsequent conviction if BAC was.16 or greater at time of test 28 A-10 13
I.P.D.E. 1. Identify This involves gaining information from the driving scene using all senses (eyes, ears, etc.) possible. 2. Predict After the information has been gained, the driver must predict potential conflicts and what other drivers might do. 3. Decide Using the information gained and predictions made, the driver must decide his/her course of action. 4. Execute This final step involves using vehicle controls (steering, brakes, signals, or accelerator) to carry out the decisions made. 29
D You are driving Car A. E A B C F 30 B-14 31
DRIVING TASK EFFECTS & BAC BAC.02.04.06.08.10.12 TASK AFFECTED: Divided Attention InformationProcessing Tracking and Steering Perception Reaction Time BAC.02.04.06.08.10 31.12 B-13 36
SURVIVAL RISK & BAC BAC Increased Chance of Death Compared to Sober Drivers *.03 1.2.07 1.5.12 2.4.17 2.5.22 3.7 * Given a crash has occurred. 32 B-20 41
BAC & CRASH RESPONSIBILITY BAC % Responsible for Crash.01 -.05 64%.05 -.079 88%.08 -.149 92%.15 and greater 96% 33 B-21 42
WHAT IS DEATH? Drinking & Driving 34
Discussion Questions Be prepared to discuss with your counselor this week. 1. Is alcohol a stimulant? How does alcohol effect you personally? 2. Is cocaine a stimulant? Have you ever used cocaine? 3. Is a person relaxed when they come off alcohol? 4. Can a person in Texas get a DWI/DUI without having any alcohol in their system? 5. Explain how drugs interact. 6. Is it true that you need 10 drinks in your body before any damage is done? 7. Define I.P.D.E. and why it is important for us to know this information? 8. What is the BAC intoxication for the State of Texas? 9. What would your BAC be for your perception to be impaired? 10. Discuss if you have a BAC of.20, you are twice as likely to have a fatal accident. 11. What do drugs do to you? 12. Why does a person have to De-tox? 13. What does tolerance mean? 14. What are the surcharges for a DWI in Texas? 15. Explain: if you drink and have another sedative, -- will you probably get (c)2005evagregory drunker? 8/7/2010 35