CARDIOVASCULAR DANIL HAMMOUDI.MD

CARDIOVASCULAR DANIL HAMMOUDI.MD 18

Systemic Circulation Figure 19.19

Pulmonary Circulation Figure 19.18b

1. Thyroid gland 2. Trachea 3. Brachiocephalic 4. Common carotid 5. Internal jugular 6. Superior vena cava

Figure 19.21a

Superficial temporal Basilar Occipital Vertebral Internal carotid External carotid Common carotid Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Subclavian Axillary (b) Ophthalmic Maxillary Facial Lingual Superior thyroid Larynx Thyroid gland (overlying trachea) Clavicle (cut) Brachiocephalic trunk Internal thoracic Figure 19.21b

Figure 19.20 Schematic flowchart Common showing an overview of the systemic Capillary beds of head and upper limbs carotid arteries to head and subclavian arteries to upper limbs Superior vena cava circulation. Aortic arch Aorta RA LA RV LV Azygos system Venous drainage Thoracic aorta Arterial blood Inferior vena cava Capillary beds of mediastinal structures and thorax walls Diaphragm Abdominal aorta Inferior vena cava Capillary beds of digestive viscera, spleen, pancreas, kidneys Capillary beds of gonads, pelvis, and lower limbs Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.21a Major arteries of the R. external carotid systemic circulation. R. internal carotid L. external carotid L. internal carotid R. common carotid L. common carotid R. vertebral L. vertebral right side of head and neck left side of head and neck R. axillary Arteries of R. upper limb R. subclavian neck and R. upper limb L. and R. coronary arteries Brachiocephalic head, neck, and R. upper limb L. ventricle of heart Aortic arch Ascending aorta L. ventricle to sternal angle Thoracic aorta T 5 T 12 (diaphragm) L. subclavian neck and L. upper limb L. axillary Arteries of L. upper limb Visceral branches Parietal branches Mediastinal posterior mediastinum Esophageal esophagus Bronchial lungs and bronchi Diaphragm Pericardial pericardium Posterior intercostals intercostal muscles, spinal cord, vertebrae, pleurae, skin Superior phrenics posterior and superior diaphragm Visceral branches Abdominal aorta T 12 (diaphragm) L 4 Parietal branches Gonadal testes or ovaries Suprarenal adrenal glands and Renal kidneys Superior and inferior mesenterics small intestine colon Celiac trunk liver gallbladder spleen stomach esophagus duodenum Inferior phrenics inferior diaphragm Lumbars posterior abdominal wall Median sacral sacrum coccyx Arteries of R. lower limb R. common iliac pelvis and R. lower limb (a) Schematic flowchart L. common iliac pelvis and L. lower limb Arteries of L. lower limb Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.21b Major arteries of the Arteries of the head and trunk Internal carotid External carotid Common carotid arteries Vertebral Subclavian Brachiocephalic trunk Aortic arch Ascending aorta Coronary Thoracic aorta (above diaphragm) Celiac trunk Abdominal aorta Superior mesenteric Renal Gonadal Common iliac Inferior mesenteric Internal iliac (b) Illustration, anterior view systemic circulation. Arteries that supply the upper limb Subclavian Axillary Brachial Radial Ulnar Deep palmar arch Superficial palmar arch Digital arteries Arteries that supply the lower limb External iliac Femoral Popliteal Anterior tibial Posterior tibial Arcuate Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Arteries of the head, neck, and R. middle cerebral Ophthalmic R. and L. anterior cerebral arteries Anterior communicating Cerebral arterial circle R. and L. posterior communicating arteries brain. Superficial temporal R. posterior cerebral Basilar Maxillary R. and L. vertebral arteries Occipital Facial Lingual Superior thyroid R. and L. internal internal arteries R. and L. external carotid arteries R. and L. subclavian arteries R. and L. common carotid arteries Brachiocephalic trunk Aortic arch (a) Schematic flowchart Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Arteries of the head, neck, and brain. Basilar Vertebral Internal carotid External carotid Common carotid Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Subclavian Axillary Ophthalmic Superficial temporal Maxillary Occipital Facial Lingual Superior thyroid Larynx Thyroid gland (overlying trachea) Clavicle (cut) Brachiocephalic trunk Internal thoracic (b) Arteries of the head and neck, right aspect Branches of the external carotid Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.22d Arteries of the head, neck, Frontal lobe Optic chiasma Middle cerebral Internal carotid Mammillary body Temporal lobe Pons Occipital lobe Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Posterior Anterior and brain. Cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) Anterior communicating Anterior cerebral Posterior communicating Posterior cerebral Basilar Vertebral Cerebellum (d) Major arteries serving the brain (inferior view, right side of cerebellum and part of right temporal lobe removed)

ICA Internal Carotid A & branches (the ICA bifurcates into the ACA & MCA) ACA - Anterior cerebral A-Com - Anterior communicating Artery MCA - Middle cerebral P-Com - Posterior communicating VA Vertebral (the left and right vertebral arteries join to form the basilar ) Basilar & its branches PCA - Posterior cerebral SCA - Superior cerebellar PICA - Posterior inferior cerebellar

Figure 19.21d

Veins of the Brain Superior sagittal sinus Falx cerebri Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Cavernous sinus Junction of sinuses Transverse sinuses Sigmoid sinus Jugular foramen (c) Right internal jugular Figure 19.26c

Figure 19.27c Venous drainage of the Superior sagittal sinus head, neck, and brain. Falx cerebri Inferior sagittal sinus Cavernous sinus Straight sinus Confluence of sinuses Transverse sinuses Sigmoid sinus Jugular foramen Right internal jugular (c) Dural venous sinuses of the brain Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Veins of the Upper Limbs and Thorax Brachiocephalic s Right subclavian Axillary Brachial Cephalic Basilic Median cubital Median antebrachial Cephalic Radial (b) Basilic Ulnar Deep palmar venous arch Superficial palmar venous arch Digital s Internal jugular External jugular Left subclavian Superior vena cava Azygos Accessory hemiazygos Hemiazygos Posterior intercostals Inferior vena cava Ascending lumbar Figure 19.27b

Vertebral Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Suprascapular Thoracoacromial Axillary Subscapular Posterior circumflex humeral Anterior circumflex humeral Brachial Deep of arm Common interosseous Radial Ulnar Common carotid arteries Right subclavian Left subclavian Left axillary Brachiocephalic trunk Posterior intercostal arteries Anterior intercostal Internal thoracic Descending aorta Lateral thoracic Deep palmar arch Superficial palmar arch Digitals (b) Figure 19.22b

Arteries of the Abdomen Liver (cut) Inferior vena cava Celiac trunk Hepatic proper Common hepatic Right gastric Gallbladder Gastroduodenal Right gastroepiploic Duodenum Abdominal aorta (b) Diaphragm Esophagus Left gastric Left gastroepiploic Splenic Spleen Stomach Pancreas (major portion lies posterior to stomach) Superior mesenteric Figure 19.23b

Opening for inferior vena cava Hiatus (opening) for esophagus Celiac trunk Kidney Lumbar arteries Abdominal aorta Median sacral (c) Arteries of the Abdomen Diaphragm Inferior phrenic Middle suprarenal Renal Superior mesenteric Gonadal (testicular or ovarian) Inferior mesenteric Common iliac Ureter Figure 19.23c

Lower Limbs Arteries of the Common iliac Internal iliac Superior gluteal External iliac Deep of thigh Lateral circumflex femoral Medial circumflex femoral Obturator Femoral Adductor hiatus Popliteal Anterior tibial Posterior tibial Fibular Posterior tibial Lateral plantar Medial plantar (c) Popliteal Anterior tibial Fibular Dorsalis pedis (from top of foot) Plantar arch Dorsalis pedis Arcuate Metatarsal arteries (b) Figure 19.24b, c

Figure 19.23a Arteries of the right upper L. common carotid limb and thorax. R. subclavian Axillary Thoracoacromial R. vertebral Thyrocervical trunk Suprascapular R. common carotid L. vertebral L. subclavian Thoracoacromial (pectoral branch) Aortic arch Costocervical trunk Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries Brachial Deep of arm Radial Brachiocephalic trunk Internal thoracic Anterior intercostal arteries Lateral thoracic Subscapular Anastomosis Common interosseus Ulnar Descending thoracic aorta Posterior intercostal arteries Deep palmar arch (a) Schematic flowchart Metacarpal arteries Superficial palmar arch Digital arteries Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.23b Arteries of the right upper Vertebral Thyrocervical trunk Suprascapular Costocervical trunk Thoracoacromial Axillary Posterior circumflex humeral Anterior circumflex humeral Subscapular Brachial Deep of arm Common interosseous Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. limb and thorax. Radial Ulnar Deep palmar arch Superficial palmar arch Digital arteries (b) Illustration, anterior view Common carotid arteries Left subclavian Right subclavian Brachiocephalic trunk Posterior intercostal arteries Anterior intercostal Internal thoracic Descending aorta Lateral thoracic

Figure 19.24a Arteries of the abdomen. Abdominal aorta Inferior phrenic arteries Celiac trunk Diaphragm L. gastric Common hepatic Splenic R. gastric Hepatic proper Gastroduodenal L R Middle suprarenal arteries Superior mesenteric Renal arteries Gonadal arteries Inferior mesenteric Lumbar arteries (a) Schematic flowchart. R. gastroepiploic L. gastroepiploic Middle Intestinal arteries colic L. colic R. colic Ileocolic Sigmoidal arteries Median sacral Common iliac arteries Superior rectal Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.24b Arteries of the abdomen. Liver (cut) Inferior vena cava Celiac trunk Common hepatic Hepatic proper Gastroduodenal Right gastric Gallbladder Pancreas (major portion lies posterior to stomach) Duodenum Abdominal aorta Diaphragm Esophagus Left gastric Stomach Splenic Left gastroepiploic Spleen Right gastroepiploic Superior mesenteric mesenteric (b) The celiac trunk and its major branches. The left half of the liver has been removed. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.24c Arteries of the abdomen. Hiatus (opening) for inferior vena cava Hiatus (opening) for esophagus Adrenal (suprarenal) gland Kidney Celiac trunk Abdominal aorta Lumbar arteries Ureter Median sacral Diaphragm Inferior phrenic Middle suprarenal Renal Superior mesenteric Gonadal (testicular or ovarian) Inferior mesenteric Common iliac (c) Major branches of the abdominal aorta. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.24d Arteries of the abdomen. Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric Branches of the superior mesenteric Middle colic Intestinal arteries Right colic Ileocolic Ascending colon Right common iliac Transverse colon Aorta Inferior mesenteric Branches of the inferior mesenteric Left colic Sigmoidal arteries Superior rectal Descending colon Ileum Cecum Appendix Sigmoid colon Rectum (d) Distribution of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. The transverse colon has been pulled superiorly. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.25a Arteries of the right pelvis Abdominal and lower limb. Inferior gluteal Internal pudendal Medial circumflex femoral Lateral circumflex femoral aorta Superior gluteal Internal iliac Deep of thigh Obturator External iliac Femoral Adductor hiatus Common iliac Arterial anastomosis Popliteal Anterior tibial Posterior tibial Fibular (peroneal) Dorsalis pedis Lateral plantar Arcuate Dorsal metatarsal arteries (a) Schematic flowchart Plantar metatarsal arteries Lateral plantar Medial plantar Plantar arch Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.25b Arteries of the right pelvis Common iliac Internal iliac Superior gluteal External iliac Deep of thigh Lateral circumflex femoral Medial circumflex femoral Obturator Femoral Adductor hiatus Popliteal Anterior tibial Posterior tibial Fibular Dorsalis pedis Arcuate Dorsal metatarsal arteries and lower limb. (b) Anterior view Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.25c Arteries of the right pelvis and lower limb. Popliteal Anterior tibial Posterior tibial Lateral plantar Medial plantar Fibular Dorsalis pedis (from top of foot) Plantar arch Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. (c) Posterior view

Figure 19.26a Major s of the systemic R. external dural venous sinuses circulation. Veins of R. upper limb R. axillary jugular superficial head and neck R. subclavian R. head, neck, and upper limb R. vertebral cervical spinal cord and vertebrae Intracranial R. internal jugular dural venous sinuses of the brain Same as R. brachiocephalic R. brachiocephalic R. side of head and R. upper limb L. brachiocephalic L. side of head and L. upper limb Superior vena cava runs from union of brachiocephalic s behind manubrium to R. atrium Azygos system drains much of thorax R. atrium of heart Diaphragm Inferior vena cava runs from junction of common iliac s at L 5 to R. atrium of heart R. suprarenal (L. suprarenal drains into L. renal ) adrenal glands R. gonadal (L. gonadal drains into L. renal ) testis or ovary L., R., and middle hepatic s liver L. and R. renal s kidneys Lumbar s (several pairs) posterior abdominal wall R. common iliac pelvis and R. lower limb L. common iliac pelvis and L. lower limb (a) Schematic flowchart Veins of R. lower limb Veins of L. lower limb Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.26b Major s of the Veins that drain Veins of the head and trunk Dural venous sinuses External jugular Vertebral Internal jugular Right and left brachiocephalic s Superior vena cava Great cardiac Hepatic s Splenic Hepatic portal Renal Superior mesenteric Inferior vena cava Inferior mesenteric Common iliac Internal iliac (b) Illustration, anterior view. The vessels of the pulmonary circulation are not shown. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. systemic circulation. the upper limb Subclavian Axillary Cephalic Brachial Basilic Median cubital Ulnar Radial Digital s Veins that drain the lower limb External iliac Femoral Great saphenous Popliteal Posterior tibial Anterior tibial Small saphenous Dorsal venous arch Dorsal metatarsal s

Figure 19.27a Venous drainage of the Superior sagittal sinus Occipital head, neck, and brain. Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Transverse sinus Superficial temporal Cavernous sinus Ophthalmic Facial Posterior auricular Sigmoid sinus External jugular Vertebral Internal jugular Superior thyroid Middle thyroid Brachiocephalic s Subclavian (a) Schematic flowchart Superior vena cava Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.27b Venous drainage of the Superficial temporal Occipital Posterior auricular External jugular Vertebral Internal jugular Superior and middle thyroid s Brachiocephalic Subclavian Superior vena cava head, neck, and brain. Ophthalmic Facial (b) Veins of the head and neck, right superficial aspect Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.28a Veins of the thorax and Subclavian right upper Axillary limb. External jugular Internal jugular Brachiocephalic s Superior vena cava Median cubital Accessory hemiazygos Brachial Azygos Hemiazygos Right and left posterior intercostal s Cephalic Radial (a) Schematic flowchart Median antebrachial Basilic Ulnar Deep palmar venous arch Metacarpal s Superficial palmar venous arch Digital s Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.28b Veins of the thorax and Brachiocephalic s Right subclavian Axillary Brachial Cephalic Basilic Median cubital Median antebrachial Cephalic Radial right upper limb. Basilic Ulnar Deep palmar venous arch Superficial palmar venous arch Digital s (b) Anterior view Internal jugular External jugular Left subclavian Superior vena cava Azygos Accessory hemiazygos Hemiazygos Posterior intercostals Inferior vena cava Ascending lumbar Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.29a Veins of the abdomen. Inferior vena cava Cystic Inferior phrenic s Hepatic s Hepatic portal system Hepatic portal Superior mesenteric Splenic Suprarenal s Renal s Gonadal s Inferior mesenteric Lumbar s R. ascending lumbar L. ascending lumbar Common iliac s (a) Schematic flowchart. External iliac Internal iliac s Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.29b Veins of the abdomen. Hepatic s Inferior vena cava Right suprarenal Right gonadal External iliac (b) Tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Venous drainage of abdominal organs not drained by the hepatic portal. Inferior phrenic Left suprarenal Renal s Left ascending lumbar Lumbar s Left gonadal Common iliac Internal iliac Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.29c Veins of the abdomen. Inferior vena cava (not part of hepatic portal system) Hepatic s Liver Hepatic portal Small intestine Gastric s Spleen Inferior vena cava Splenic Right gastroepiploic Inferior mesenteric Superior mesenteric Large intestine Rectum (c) The hepatic portal circulation. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.30a Veins of the right lower Internal iliac Inferior vena cava limb. Common iliac External iliac Small saphenous Fibular (peroneal) Femoral Dorsal venous arch Dorsal metatarsal s Great saphenous Popliteal Anterior tibial Posterior tibial Dorsalis pedis Femoral Small saphenous Fibular (peroneal) Plantar s Deep plantar arch Digital s Anterior Posterior (a) Schematic flowchart of the anterior and posterior s Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.30b Veins of the right lower limb. Common iliac Internal iliac External iliac Inguinal ligament Femoral Great saphenous (superficial) Popliteal Small saphenous Fibular Anterior tibial Dorsalis pedis Dorsal venous arch Dorsal metatarsal s (b) Anterior view Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 19.30c Veins of the right lower limb. Great saphenous Popliteal Anterior tibial Fibular Small saphenous (superficial) Posterior tibial (c) Posterior view Plantar s Deep plantar arch Digital s Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.