JOB SATISFACTION AMONG LIS PROFESSIONALS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT (TAMIL NADU)

International Journal of Library & Information Science (IJLIS) Volume 6, Issue 5, September October 21, pp. 38 8, Article ID: IJLIS_6_5_5 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/issues.asp?jtype=ijlis&vtype=6&itype=5 Journal Impact Factor (216): 8.2651 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 22-3533 and ISSN Online: 22-358 IAEME Publication JOB SATISFACTION AMONG LIS PROFESSIONALS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT (TAMIL NADU) S. Babusankar Research Scholar, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli Library Assistant, University Library, Anna University, Chennai K. Umasankar Research Scholar, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli Library Assistant, University Library, Anna University, Chennai Dr. K. Kaliyaperumal Research Guide, University Librarian i/c, University of Madras, Chepauk Campus, Chennai, India ABSTRACT Job satisfaction among library professionals were measured in terms of status, service status, promotional policy and interpersonal relations. In this paper attempt has been to identify the Job satisfaction among LIS professionals in higher educational Institutions in Kanchipuram District (Tamil Nadu). There exist 82 higher educational institutions which have established libraries. Nearly 25 questionnaires were distributed and 182 responses were received and the response rate works out to 2.8. Job satisfaction has been ascertained based on 15 variables on a five point scale such as Strongly disagree, Disagree, No Opinion, Agree and Strongly agree. Among the 15 variables the first preference was given for Variety in. It is followed by Satisfied with and Understanding of responsibilities salary. The least preference was indicated to Solve the users problems and Get full credit. The male respondents opinion synchronized with overall opinion whereas the female respondents the first three preferences were Satisfaction come from ; Variety in ; and get help if I have a problem. The female respondents synchronised with least preferences with male and over all views. Hierarchical cluster analysis provides four clusters. The cluster analysis enables to identify the primary factor of satisfaction. The other clusters were secondary factors, least factors and added factors. The proximity matrix enables to identify the close proximity variables and distinct variables of the satisfaction. Key words: Job Satisfaction, Library and Information Science Professionals, Higher educational Institutions, Work environment, Hierarchal cluster, Proximity Matrix. http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp 38 editor@iaeme.com

Job Satisfaction among LIS Professionals in Higher Educational Institutions of Kanchipuram District (Tamil Nadu) Cite this Article: S. Babusankar, K. Umasankar, Dr. K. Kaliyaperumal, Job Satisfaction among LIS Professionals in Higher Educational Institutions of Kanchipuram District (Tamil Nadu). International Journal of Library & Information Science, 6(5), 21, pp. 38 8. http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/issues.asp?jtype=ijlis&vtype=6&itype=5 1. INTRODUCTION Job is nothing but a specific task done as part of the routine of an employee s occupation or for an agreed price. Satisfaction is a state of mind of an individual and an evaluative appraisal of action or event (Locke 1). The term satisfaction refers to both contentment and enjoyment ; it covers affective - as well as cognitive-appraisals. Satisfaction can be both short-lived and stable through time. When a meets or exceeds an individual s expectations, the individual often experiences positive emotions. These positive emotions represent satisfaction. The satisfaction in general differs from profession to profession; organization to organization and individual to individuals. It seems to be domain specific. The profession that has societal influence has an impact on satisfaction. In this study the satisfaction among the library and information professionals in engineering institutions were analysed. 2. NEED FOR THE STUDY Job satisfaction is important to retain and attract well-qualified personnel in to-day s challenging environment. Lack of satisfaction results in low level of workers commitment and dedication which in turn could affect quality of the service provided to the users of the library. Therefore an attempt has been made in this study to identify the satisfaction among the library and information science professionals working in higher educational institutions in Kanchipuram district in Tamil Nadu. 3. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Mondal et al., (21) assessed the satisfaction among library professionals measured in terms of status, service status, promotional policy and interpersonal relations among university library professionals. Salary, working conditions, promotion, supervision, itself and organization were identified as six dimensions of satisfaction among academic librarians (Togia et al 2). Abdul Karim (21) attempted to assess the impact of work related variables such as role conflict, role clarity, autonomy, performance, feedback on involvement, organizational commitment and satisfaction among Malaysian university librarians. Job satisfaction among the private engineering college library professionals (Das, 215), university library professionals (Pulla Reddy,12; Mallaiah & Yadapadithaya; 2).. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were. To elicit the opinion of library professionals towards satisfaction. To identify the views among male and female on satisfaction. To identify the primary factors of satisfaction among LIS professionals. Similarly to identify the close proximity variables and distinct variables of satisfaction. http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp 3 editor@iaeme.com

5. HYPOTHESIS S. Babusankar, K. Umasankar, Dr. K. Kaliyaperumal Based on the objectives the following hypotheses were framed. There exist differences in satisfaction among the librarian under survey. There exists unanimous opinion among male and female library and information science professionals. All the variables were close proximity on satisfaction. There exist certain variables as prime factors in satisfaction. Sample The questionnaire was administrated among the LIS professionals working in 82 engineering institutions in Kanchipuram district in Tamil Nadu. A total of 25 questionnaires were distributed. Out of which 182 were responded and response rate is 2.8. Table 1 Distribution of Questionnaire S.No Description 1 Kanchipuram district No. of Institutions Questionnaire distributed Responses received Percent 82 25 182 2.8 Responses received 182 Questionnaire distributed 25 Figure 1 Questionnaire distributed Vs Responses received 6. DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF RESPONDENTS The demographic details of the respondents were shown in Table 2 Table 2 Demographic details S.No Description Responses Percent Gender 1 Male 11 65. 2 Female 63 3.6 Designation 1 Asst. Librarian 1. 2 Librarian 156 85. 3 Others 6.6 Age 1 21-3 6.6 2 31-1 1. http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp editor@iaeme.com

Job Satisfaction among LIS Professionals in Higher Educational Institutions of Kanchipuram District (Tamil Nadu) 3 1-5 15. above 5 6 3.3 Qualification 1 BLIS 6 3.3 2 MLIS 6 35.2 3 M.Phil 58 31. Ph.D 5 2. Experience 1 <5 1 1. 2 6-1 3 2.3 3 11-15 5 2. 16-2 5 2. 5 21 and above 18. Overall Total 182 1 Out of 182 respondents, 11 (65.) were Male and 63(3.6) were female. Among 182 respondents, 6 (3.3) were BLIS qualification; 6 (35.2) were MLIS; 58 (31.) M.Phil and 5 (2.) were Ph.D degree holders. Similarly 156 (85.) are librarians. It is followed by 1 (.) were Assistant Librarian and (6.6) were others. Among 182, 1 (1.) were below five years of experience; 3(2.3) were between 6-1 years; 5(2.) between 11-15 years; 5(2.) between 16-2 years and the remaining 18 (.) were above 21 years of experience. There are (6.6) belongs to the age group of below 3 years. It is followed by 1 (1.) between 31 and years; 15 (.) between 1 and 5 years and 6 (3.3) above 5 years. Demographic details 2 18 16 156 15 182 1 11 1 8 6 2 63 1 1 6 6 6 58 5 5 5 3 1 18 Figure 2 http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp 1 editor@iaeme.com

S. Babusankar, K. Umasankar, Dr. K. Kaliyaperumal. DATA ANALYSIS The satisfaction among library and information science professionals has been identified based on fifteen variables. The questions and the variable code were shown in Table 3 Table 3 Job Satisfaction Variable code Sl. No. Variable code Description 1. Enjoy my work I enjoy my work most days. 2. Do Challenging work I do interesting and challenging work. 3. Satisfied with I am satisfied with.. Noticed when I do a I am noticed when I do a good. good 5. Get full credit I get full credit for the work I do. 6. Variety in There is a lot of variety in.. Acceptance of I feel the level of responsibility I am given is acceptable. responsibility 8. Understanding of responsibilities I have a clear understanding of responsibilities and what is expected of me.. Satisfaction comes from The major satisfaction in my life comes from. 1. Get help If I have a I know where to get help if I have a problem at work. problem 11. Treat me with respect I feel my colleagues treat me with respect.. Job fully uses my skills My fully uses my skills 13. Skills are not used in I have skills that are not used in 1. Get full credit I get full credit for the work I do 15 Solve the users problems I solve the users problems The opinion on fourteen variable codes such as Enjoy my work; Do Challenging work; Satisfied with ; Noticed when I do a good ; Get full credit, Variety in ; Acceptance of responsibility ;Understanding of responsibilities; Satisfaction comes from ; Get help If I have a problem; Treat me with respect; Job fully uses my skills; Skills are not used in ; Get full credit and Solve the users problems in a five point scale such as strongly disagree, disagree, no opinion, agree, and strongly agree from the respondents. The mean and standard deviation were calculated. The ranks were ascertained based on mean and standard deviation. The opinion, mean, standard deviation and rank were shown in Table. Table Job Satisfaction Responses Sl. No. Variable code 1. Enjoy my work 2. Do Challenging work 3. Satisfied with. Noticed when I do a Strongly disagree Disagree No Opinion Agree 6 3.3 35 2 1 23 1.2 15. 22.5.6 82 36 5.1. 1.8 68.1 Strongly agree 5 2 1 5 35 32. 13.2 5. 1.2 Mea n 3 3..35 Std..5.82 6.56 2 Ran k 1 2 5 http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp 2 editor@iaeme.com

Job Satisfaction among LIS Professionals in Higher Educational Institutions of Kanchipuram District (Tamil Nadu) good 5. Expect independence 6. Variety in my. Acceptance of responsibility 8. Understandin g of responsibiliti es. Satisfaction comes from 1. Get help If I have a problem 11. Treat me with respect. Job fully uses my skills 13. Skills are not used in my 1. Get full credit 15 Solve the users problems 6 3.3 2 6 3.3 28 15. 15. 5 2. 18. 23 2 6 3.3 23 6 3.3 2 6 3.3 2 6.6 3 3 51.1 16.5 1 3.6 13.2.6 15. 22 23.1 3 6.6 1 5 2 11 1 6 1 6 1 1 5 58.8 13.2 65. 58.2 58.2 68.1 58.8 68.1 5. 2 53 52 2 22 68.1 22 2.1 28.6 15. 22 3..6.16.15 3. 3. 6.6 3.8 35 1.2 3.6 6 3.3 2.3 2 15. 2..1.8 1.65 3.62.62.6.1.6.65 1.66 2.5 1 8 1 6 3 11 13 15 1 The mean value all the fourteen satisfaction variables ranges between 3.8 and.6 which indicates that they lie between agree and strongly agree except for two variables Get full credit (2.3) and Solve the user problems.(2.) The standard deviation ranges between.558 and 1.15 which indicates that there has been no deviation on opinion. The first preference was given for Variety in. It is followed by Satisfied with and Understanding of responsibilities salary. The least preference were indicated to Get full credit and Solve the users problems ; whose mean values were 2.3 and 2. which indicates that the respondents disagree to the variables. The study has been extended to gender. The mean and standard deviation were calculated based on the respondents opinion. The ranks were assigned based on mean and standard deviation. The mean, standard deviation and rank for gender were compared with overall mean value and the same has been shown in Table. http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp 3 editor@iaeme.com

S. Babusankar, K. Umasankar, Dr. K. Kaliyaperumal Table 5 Job Satisfaction Vs Gender S.No Description Male Female Total Mean Std. Rank Mean Std. Rank Mean Std. Rank 1. Enjoy my work 6.51 8 3.8 1.13 6 3. 2. Do Challenging work.1.2 5 3.65.81 13 3..5 1 3. Satisfied with.56.6 2 3.5.6 8.35.826 2. Noticed when I do a good.1.61 3.8.21.562 5 5. Expect independence.1.525 6 3.1.23 3..1 8 6. Variety in.5.81 1.22.2 2.6.81 1. Acceptance of responsibility.1.6.88 5.653 6 8. Understanding of responsibilities.23.61 3 5.633.16.62 3. Satisfaction comes from 3..56 11.51.535 1.15.62 1. Get help If I have a problem 3.1.611 8.3 3 3..6 11 11. Treat me with respect 1.6 1 3..8 3..1. Job fully uses my skills 3.5.55 13 3.8.82 1 3.8.6 13 13. Skills are not used in 3.61 3.83.8 11 3.6.651 1. Get full credit 2..68 15 2.21.52 15 2.3.662 15 15 Solve the users problems 3.552 1 2.81.56 1 2..51 1 The mean value of male ranges between 2. and.5 which indicate the values lies between agree and disagree except Get full credit (2.) and Solve the user problems (3) which indicate no opinion. The standard deviations were also ranges between.55 and.81 which indicates that there were no deviations in their opinion. The first three preferences of male were Variety in ; Satisfied with, and Understanding of responsibilities. The least preferences were given for Get full credit and Solve the users problems. The female respondents mean value ranges between 2.21 and.51 which indicates that the variables lies between disagree and agree except Get full credit (2.21) and Solve the user problems (2.81) which indicate no opinion. The standard deviation ranges between.21 and 1.13which indicates that there is no deviation in their opinion. The first three preferences of female were Satisfaction come from ; Variety in ; and get help if I have a problem. The least preferences were given for Get full credit and Solve the users problems. The ranking of male and overall get synchronized for first and last three preferences whereas in the case of other variables the preferences get changed. In the case of female last two preferences were gets synchronized with male, female and overall were other variables gets interchanged. In general it can be inferred that library professionals agree for Variety in s ; Satisfaction come from ; get help if I have a problem and Understanding of responsibilities. Similarly the library professionals were disagreed with the concept of Get full credit and Solve the user problems. It indicates that the library professionals not agree for quit the present and prefer to continue the even though the present not fulfil their expectations. http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp editor@iaeme.com

Job Satisfaction among LIS Professionals in Higher Educational Institutions of Kanchipuram District (Tamil Nadu) The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis has been employed for grouping of variables based on the responses. The dendrogram using average linkage between groups thus drawn was shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Job Satisfaction - Dendrogram Proximity Matrix In can be seen from the dendrogram that at 32 level, their exist four interpretable clusters. The First cluster comprises of nine variables. The second cluster comprises of three variables. The cluster three comprises of one variable formed as isolated cluster. The fourth cluster comprises of only 2 variables. The cluster along with variable code and description were shown in Table 5. The name of the cluster also indicated in the table. Table 6 Cluster Code with Variables Cluster Name Sl. No. Variable No. Variable code Description Prime factor 1. Get help If I have a I know where to get help if I have a 1. problem problem at work. 2.. Job fully uses my skills My fully uses my skills 3.. Acceptance of I feel the level of responsibility I am responsibility given is acceptable... Satisfaction comes from The major satisfaction in my life comes from. 5. 11. Treat me with respect I feel my colleagues treat me with respect. 6. 13. Skills are not used in my I have skills that are not used in my. 2. Do Challenging work I do interesting and challenging work. 8.. Noticed when I do a I am noticed when I do a good. good. 8. Understanding of I have a clear understanding of my http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp 5 editor@iaeme.com

S. Babusankar, K. Umasankar, Dr. K. Kaliyaperumal responsibilities responsibilities and what is expected of me. Secondary factor 1. 3. Satisfied with I am satisfied with. 11. 5. Expect independence I expect independence for the work entrusted to me. 6. Variety in There is a lot of variety in. Least factor 13. 1. Enjoy my work I enjoy my work most days. Added factors 1. 1. Get full credit I get full credit for the work I do 15 15 Solve the users problems I solve the users problems It can be inferred from table 6, that the due considerations are to be provided for prime factor cluster which has variables. This will enhance the satisfaction among the LIS professionals. It is to be followed by secondary factors which has three variables. Further proximity matrix test has been administrated to identify the closely associated variables and distinct associated variables. The same has been shown in Table. Close Proximity Variables Job fully uses my skills and Get help If I have a problem. Get help If I have a problem and Acceptance of responsibility Noticed when I do a good and Do Challenging work. Distant Proximity Variables Get full credit and Variety in Get full credit and Satisfied with Get full credit and Enjoy my work Table Job Satisfaction - Proximity matrix S.N o. Variables 1 2 3 5 6 8 1 11 13 1 1 Enjoy my work 2 Do 1 Challengin g work 3 Satisfied with my Noticed when I do a good 5 Expect independe nce 6 Variety in Acceptanc e of responsibil ity 8 Understan ding of responsibil ities 262 218 1 22 28 23 13 8. 2 2 153 11 12 113 2 256 23 11 15 1 1 155 18 181 33. 252. 16 Satisfactio 186 18 258 156 16 26. 8. 1 1 5 http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp 6 editor@iaeme.com

Job Satisfaction among LIS Professionals in Higher Educational Institutions of Kanchipuram District (Tamil Nadu) n comes from my 1 Get help If I have a problem 11 Treat me with respect Job fully uses my skills 13 Skills are not used in 1 Get full credit 15 Solve the users problems 186 22 23 235 21 3 1 11 12 56 286 258 265 28 185 8 132 13 156 15 65 313 11 138 1 132 61 26 22. 32. 32. 28. 113 5. 88. 15 8. 133 631 335 118 5 16 213 3.. 116 1 5 365 8. 58. 153 56 31 1 16 628 322 15 1 215 518 26 182. 8. FINDINGS The findings of the study were There exist 82 higher educational institutions which have established libraries. Nearly 25 questionnaires were distributed and 182 responses were received and the response rate works out to 2.8. Job satisfaction has been ascertained based on 15 variables such as Enjoy my work; Do Challenging work; Satisfied with ; Noticed when I do a good ; Expect independence; Variety in ; Acceptance of responsibility; Understanding of responsibilities; Satisfaction comes from ; Get help If I have a problem; Treat me with respect; Job fully uses my skills; Skills are not used in ; Get full credit; and Solve the users problems on a five point scale such as Strongly disagree, Disagree, No Opinion, Agree and Strongly agree. Among the 15 variables the first preference was given for Variety in. It is followed by Satisfied with and Understanding of responsibilities salary. The least preferences were indicated to Solve the users problems and Get full credit. The male respondents opinion synchronized with overall opinion whereas the female respondents the first three preferences were Satisfaction come from ; Variety in my ; and get help if I have a problem. The female respondents synchronised with least preferences with male and over all views. Hierarchical cluster analysis provides four clusters. The first cluster named as primary factor comprises of variables such as Get help If I have a problem ; Job fully uses my skills ; Acceptance of responsibility ; Satisfaction comes from ; Treat me with respect ; Skills are not used in ; Do Challenging work ; Noticed when I do a good and Understanding of responsibilities The other clusters were named as secondary factors, least factors and added factors. The proximity matrix enables to identify the close proximity variables and distinct variables of the satisfaction. The closely associated variables were Job fully uses my skills and Get help If I have a problem ; Get help If I have a problem and Acceptance of responsibility and Noticed when I do a good and Do Challenging work. http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp editor@iaeme.com

S. Babusankar, K. Umasankar, Dr. K. Kaliyaperumal. CONCLUSIONS The findings are based on the responses of 182 LIS Professionals working in 82 higher educational institutions in Kanchipuram district. The study has been carried out to elicit the opinion of library professionals towards satisfaction. Further the study indented to identify the views among male and female on satisfaction. The study also identifies the primary factors of satisfaction among LIS professionals. Similarly the study helps to identify the close proximity variables and distinct variables of satisfaction. The study identifies that there exist differences in opinion among library professionals about library services; infrastructure and satisfaction. The study also indicates the impact of demographic factors such as gender, and their influence of satisfaction among library professionals. Further, the study also extends to identify the factors related to Job Satisfaction. REFERENCES [1] Locke (1)The motivation to work: what we know. In M.Mchr & Pintrich (Eds) Advances In motivation and advancement Vol.1 : 35-. Greenwich CT: JAI Press. [2] Mondal et al ( 21)Job satisfaction among University Library professionals of West Bengal. International Journal of Information Research, Vol 3 No 3 March 21. [3] Togia, A., Koustelios, A. and Tsigilis, N. (2), Job satisfaction among Greek academic librarians, Library & Information Science Research, Vol. 26, pp. 33-83. [] Abdul Karim (21)The impact of work related variables on librarians organizational commitment and satisfaction. Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, Vol.15, no.3, Dec 21: 1-163. [5] Das ( 215)Job Satisfaction among the Library professional in Private Engineering College in Hooghly District of West Bengal, India.Research Journal of Library Sciences Vol. 3(5), 8-1, June (215). [6] Pulla Reddy (12) Job Satisfaction of Library Professional Staff, Ph.D Thesis, S.V. University. [] Mallaiah & Yadapadithaya (2) Intrinsic Motivation of Librarians in University Libraries in Karnataka. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, Vol. 2, No. 3, May 2, pp. 36-2. [8] Dr.g.sivanesan and c. Mervyn jude sylvester, A Study On Employee Empowerment And Job Satisfaction In Chennai Micro Print Private Limited, Chennai. International Journal of Management (IJM). 6(1), 215, pp. 625 633. [] Dr. M. Parveen and Ms. Shabnam. A Study on Employee Job Satisfaction In Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Tiruchirappalli. International Journal of Management, (2), 216, pp. 5-81 [1] P.Kavitha and P.Karthikeyan, A Study On Employee Morale On Job Satisfaction Among The Employees Working In Heavy Industries With Special Reference To Coimbatore Zone. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management (IJARM), 5(2), 21, pp. 1-18 [11] M. Vennila and Dr. K. Vivekanandan, A Study on How Emotional Dissonance Impact Work Exhaustion, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among It Professionals, International Journal of Management, 8(1), 21, pp. 1. [] Dr. T.Unnamalai, A Study On Factors Influnencing Job Satisfaction Of Faculty Members (With Special Reference To Arts & Science Colleges in Tiruchirapalli). International Journal of Management, 6(1), 215, pp. 161-1 http://www.iaeme.com/ijlis/index.asp 8 editor@iaeme.com