CHAPTER 8: STEPS FOR WORKING WITH FOUR TYPES OF ACTION Multiple-Choice Questions 8.01. Circling is all of the following except: a. staying at the same level b. often a result of ineffective or neutral interventions c. when the client deeply ponders the helper s intervention* d. when the client continues to talk, repeating what he or she said e. all of the above are true 8.02. Although restatements, open questions, and reflections of feelings can be used in most situations that arise to help clients explore, some situations do exist for which they are not the most appropriate interventions. These situations include: a. clients needing specific information about what to expect in helping or about the helper s credentials. b. helpers needing specific information. c. clients needing normalization, reinforcement, or reassurance. d. helpers wanting to let clients know they have had similar feelings. e. any of the above *
8.03. Helpers might guess that clients had explored enough when they can answer ALL BUT which of the following questions: a. What is the client s problem? b. What is motivating the client to seek help now? c. How does the client think and feel about the problem? d. What are the client s career goals? * e. None of the above. 8.04. Summary statements in helping a. can be successfully applied at the beginning of a session. b. can be successfully applied at the end of a session. c. are ideally handled as a joint effort between helper and client. d. all of the above * e. b and c 8.05. According to the textbook, the best exploration tool for most clients is a. restatements. b. self-disclosure of feelings. c. reflection of feelings.* d. all of the above e. b and c
8.06. Managing their own anxiety is often a problem for beginning helpers. Recommended suggestions for handling this problem include all of the following except: a. practice in actual sessions b. role-play the use of different helping skills c. use positive imagery d. view people actually doing therapy e. tell the client there really is no reason to be nervous * 8.07. Self-awareness is important for helpers for all of the following reasons, except: a. Helpers can use their inner experiences as tools for understanding what is happening in the helping process. b. By being self-aware, helpers can make better decisions about how to intervene. c. Helpers reactions provide valuable clues about how other people respond to clients. d. It provides a growth experience for helpers.* e. So that personal issues do not intrude on the process. 8.08. Which of the following is stated in the book about cultural considerations in the exploration stage? a. The exploration stage may fit better with Western than eastern cultures. b. Non-western cultures may prefer action to exploration. c. It is important to always discuss cultural differences in the first session d. a and b.* e. all of the above.
8.09. Which of the following is NOT a difficulty that beginning helpers tend to have in the exploration stage? a. inadequate attending and listening b. not using enough interpretations * c. talking too much d. not allowing silence e. giving too much advice 8.10. Which of the following is NOT a recommended coping strategy for helpers to use to manage difficulties that they might have in the exploration stage? a. observing models b. role-plays c. positive self-talk d. chatting with the client before the session * e. deep breathing
Short Answer 8.11. Please read the following case example: Joanne is a 32-year-old White woman who came to counseling for help with making a decision. She stated, I have been thinking about getting married to this guy that I really love. He is really special to me, and there is no one else with whom I would want to spend my life. I m just not sure that I want to be married to be committed forever. It scares me. My parents had a horrible relationship, and I am afraid of being stuck in a miserable situation. a. open question about thoughts b. open question about feelings c. reflection of feelings 8.12. Please read the following case example: Jerome says, I am angry at my father because he never comes to visit me. I haven t seen him for five years since he and my mom divorced. I guess he just doesn t care about me anymore. He s getting on with his new life. a. open question about feelings b. restatement c. approval-reassurance
8.13. Please read the following case example: Jack says, I don t know why I m here. I m not sure I need counseling. I don t think you can help me. What is this all about anyway? a. closed question b. reflection of feelings c. minimal encourager 8.14. Please read the following case example: Christa is a 36-year-old White woman who has been thinking about having a child. She and her husband, Michael, have been married for 12 years. Michael likes their relationship the way it is, and he is really hesitant about having children. Christa never wanted children before, but her younger sister had a child recently, and Christa has fallen in love with the baby. She feels guilty about changing the rules, given that she and Michael agreed not to have children when they got married. She is confused and upset and does not know what to do. She is terrified that she will regret not having children. She entered counseling to try to resolve this internal dilemma. a. restatement b. open question about thoughts c. reflection of feelings
8.15. Please read the following case example: Raphael is a 40-year-old Hispanic man whose wife recently died. He is caring or their two children, ages 8 and 4. He stated, I feel so depressed about the loss of my wife. She was my best friend, the love of my life. I can t imagine living without her, yet I must go on and care for our children. She would want me to be the best dad in the world. But I know that I m uncertain about how to handle their grief. They miss her too, and I am gone a lot because I have to work two jobs to pay all of the bills. What if they get in trouble? They have been such good kids. I feel so overwhelmed and so very alone. a. open question about feelings b. reflection of feeling c. restatement Short Answer 8.16. List criteria for knowing when a client has explored enough Essay Questions 8.17. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the exploration stage. 8.18. Describe the process of an ideal exploration stage. 8.19. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the various exploration skills for achieving the goals of the exploration stage. 8.20. Describe how you as a helper would begin the exploration stage.
8.21. Discuss the relevance of discussing confidentiality at the beginning of the exploration stage. 8.22. How would you intervene if the client didn t have anything to talk about at the beginning of the session? 8.23. How can you encourage the client to explore at a deeper level and not get into circling? 8.24. Why should the helper keep the focus on the client? 8.25. Discuss multicultural issues that arise in the exploration stage. 8.26. What is the value of helper self-awareness? 8.27. Using the exploration stage, indicate the difficulties you personally have and suggest strategies that you will use to overcome these difficulties. 8.28. Create a realistic, helpful dialogue between a helper and client using each of the following helping skills at least once: approval reassurance, open questions, restatement, reflection of feelings, and silence.