2009 Fungicides and Insecticides APPLE / CONTROL OF APPLE FRUIT MOTH AND CODLING MOTH ON APPLE Study director: Jarmo Ketola Trial ID Variety Location Experimental starting and completion I-09-081-06 Sandra Jokioinen May 17 th and August 19 th 2009 Purpose of trials: To test the efficacy of Steward 30 WG against apple fruit moth and codling moth on apple. The efficacy against target insects was evaluated with two insecticide applications in June-July timed according to the insect development stage with the recommended application rate. SUMMARY Steward (indoxacarb) at 0.17 kg/ha, Dimilin 48 SC (diflubenzuron) at 0.3 l/ha and Coragen (rynaxypur) at 0.8 l/ha were tested with the untreated control on apple against Apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella) and codling moth (Cydia pomonella). The trial was located in an apple orchard of MTT established for GEP trials in Jokioinen in 2007. The plot size was 10 m² including 5 trees. There were some frost nights during flowering, which decreased the number of flowers and was resulted in less number of fruits. For the assessing apple fruit moth and codling moth there were pheromone traps in the tree rows placed during the period from 1 st June to 20 th July (see table 2). The number of apple fruit moth and codling moth were low in the summer and generally there were only few insect damages in the harvested fruit yield. The damaged apples by Apple fruit moth and codling moth were assessed once from all fruits per plot at the BBCH stage 75 of apple. Apple pud mites were counted from a window area of 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm on each 10 leaves per plot. European red mites and their eggs were counted on the preceding whole leaves at the BBCH stages 72-75. The apple yield amount was not recorded. According to the count on 18 th August there were no apples damaged by apple fruit moth in the Dimilin 48 SC treatment, but 1.29 % of apples were damaged by in the untreated treatment, 2.33 % in the Steward treatment and 3.55 % in the Coragen treatment (see figure 1). In addition, there were no apples damaged by codling moth in the Steward treatment and in the Coragen treatment, but in the untreated treatment the proportion of damaged apples was 1.89 % and in the Dimilin 48 SC treatment 1.97 % (see figure 2). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the treatments. Number of apple pud mite per window area (2.25 cm²) was quite high, between 23.1 and 33 per leaf area on 10 th August (see figure 3). The numbers of adult European red mites were low, between 1.2 and 2.3 per leaf (see figure 4). The number of eggs of the mite was the lowest, 5.7 per leaf, in the untreated treatment, but there were no statistically significant differences between the treatments. The insecticides were applied with a portable compressed air -powered "van der Weij" -type sprayer, mounted with a wind shield and flat-fan nozzles by Hardi (type 4110-16). The spraying pressure was 3.0 bar and the spray volume 500 l/ha. In the sprayer two nozzles per side were fixed to spray the both sides of the tree row. The sprayings were made at four different timings (A, B, C, D), which were decided at beforehand (see table 1).
2009 Fungicides and Insecticides Table 1. The Application program of trial I-09-081-06. Planned application timing A: 3 days from date, when the first codling moths are in the pheromone trap and the night temperature will be over +15 C, B: 7 days from the peak of codling moth, *C: Coragen was planned to spray at B, but was sprayed 6 th of July. D: Spraying was made against apple fruit moth, when the temperature sum was 300-530 C counted from the full flowering of rowan tree (Sorbus aucuparia). Treatment Application timing Application date Steward B D Dimilin 48 SC A D Coragen C* D 29/06/2009 23/07/2009 02/07/2009 23/07/2009 06/07/2009 23/07/2009 Table 2. Number of codling moths in the pheromone trap was quite low in the trial orchard both in June and July 2009. Time period Number of codling In total Remarks moth 1.6.-5.6.2009 0 0 5.6.-12.6.2009 2 2 12.6.-18.6.2009 0 2 18.6.-23.6.2009 1 3 23.6.-24.6.2009 1 4 24.6.-26.6.2009 0 4 26.6.-29.6.2009 1 5 29.6.-7.7.2009 0 5 7.7.-16.7.2009 1 6 change of trap 16.7.-20.7.2009 4 10 Untreated 1.29 Steward 0.170 KG/HA BD 2.32 Dimilin 48 SC 0.3 L/HA AD 0.00 Coragen 0.8 L/HA CD 3.55 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Per cent of apples damaged by apple fruit moth Figure 1. Per cent of apples damaged by apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella) on 18 th August.
2009 Fungicides and Insecticides Untreated 1.89 Steward 0.170 KG/HA BD 0.00 Dimilin 48 SC 0.3 L/HA AD 1.97 Coragen 0.8 L/HA CD 0.00 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Per cent of apples damaged by codling moth Figure 2. Per cent of apples damaged by codling moth (Cydia pomonella) counted on 18 th August. Untreated 27.3 Steward 0.170 KG/HA BD 31.3 Dimilin 48 SC 0.3 L/HA AD 23.1 Coragen 0.8 L/HA CD 33.0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 No. of apple pud mite per leaf area 2.25cm² Figure 3. Number of apple pud mite (Aculus schlehtendali) per leaf area window 2.25 cm² counted on 10 th August. Untreated 1.23 5.70 Steward 0.170 KG/HA BD 2.30 7.63 Adults/leaf Dimilin 48 SC 0.3 L/HA AD 1.23 6.95 Eggs/leaf Coragen 0.8 L/HA CD 2.00 6.22 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No. of adults and eggs/leaf of European red mite Figure 4. Number of adults and eggs of European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) per leaf counted on 10 th August.
07/12/09 (I-09-081-06) Confidential Trial Treatments Page 1 of 1 Trt Treatment Form Form Lot Rate Appl No. Name Conc Type Code Rate Unit Code 1 Untreated 2 Steward 300 WG FEB08B7014 0.170 KG/HA BD 3 Dimilin 48 SC 480 SC AM7026F001 0.3 L/HA AD -diflubenzuron 480 144 g AI 4 Coragen 480 SC 0.8 L/HA CD Replications: 4, Conduct under GLP/GEP: Yes (GEP with audit trail), Design: Randomized Complete Block, Treatment units: Treated plot size, Dry Form. Unit: %, Treated plot size Width: 2 meters, Treated plot size Length: 5 meters, Application volume: 500 l/ha, Mix size: 5 liters, Mix overage: 30%, Format definitions: G-All7.DEF, G-All7.FRM
07/12/09 (I-09-081-06) Confidential Site Description Page 1 of 3 General Trial Information Title: Research Scientist Affiliation: Postal Code: FI-31600 E-mail: jarmo.ketola@mtt.fi Trial Location City: Jokioinen Trial Status: ONE-YEAR/FINAL Postal Code: 31600 Initiation Date: 17/06/09 Planned Completion Date: 15/12/09 N Conducted Under GEP: X Guideline Description 1. PP 1/7(3) Cydia pomonella 2. PP 1/152(3) Design and analysis of efficacy evaluation trials 3. PP 1/135(3) Phytotoxicity assessment 4. PP 1/181(3) Conduct and reporting of efficacy evaluation trials including GEP Objectives: To test the efficacy of some insecticides against codling moth and apple fruit moth on apple Crop Description Crop 1: NNNOK Pomaceous fruit plants Pome fruits Variety: Sandra BBCH Scale: BPOM Planting Date: 31/05/07 Pest Description Pest 1 Type: I Code: ARGYCO Argyresthia conjugella Common Name: Apple fruit moth Description: Pihlajanmarjakoi Pest 2 Type: I Code: CARPPO Cydia pomonella Common Name: Codling moth Description: Omenakääriäinen Site and Design Plot Width, Unit: 2 M Plot Length, Unit: 5 M Replications: 4 Study Design: Randomized Complete Block
07/12/09 (I-09-081-06) Confidential Site Description Page 2 of 3 Maintenance Maintenance Rate No. Date Treatment Name Rate Unit 1. 15/05/09 Baykor 500 g/ha 2. 22/05/09 Topas 100 EC 0.25 l/ha 3. 29/05/09 Baykor 500 g/ha 4. 08/06/09 Topas 100 EC 0.25 l/ha 5. 17/06/09 Topas 100 EC 0.25 l/ha Application Description A B C D Application Date: 29/06/09 02/07/09 06/07/09 23/07/09 Time of Day: 21:00 20:00 20:00 21:10 Application Method: SPRAY SPRAY SPRAY SPRAY Application Placement: FOLIAR FOLIAR FOLIAR FOLIAR Applied By: JK, ER JK, KS ME, TJ ME, HT Air Temperature, Unit: 20.6 C 24.4 C 16.0 C 16.0 C % Relative Humidity: 50 41 41 65 Wind Velocity, Unit: 1.5 M/S 0.2 M/S 1.0 M/S 1.0 M/S Dew Presence (Y/N): N N N N Soil Moisture: ADEQUATE ADEQUATE ADEQUATE ADEQUATE % Cloud Cover: 10 15 50 50 Crop Stage At Each Application A B C D Crop 1 Code, BBCH Scale: NNNOK BPOM NNNOK BPOM NNNOK BPOM NNNOK BPOM Pest Stage At Each Application A B C D Pest 1 Code, Disc., Scale: ARGYCO I ARGYCO I ARGYCO I ARGYCO I Pest 2 Code, Disc., Scale: CARPPO I CARPPO I CARPPO I CARPPO I
07/12/09 (I-09-081-06) Confidential Site Description Page 3 of 3 Application Equipment A B C D Appl. Equipment: PLOT SPRAYER PLOT SPRAYER PLOT SPRAYER PLOT SPRAYER Operating Pressure, Unit: 3 BAR 3 BAR 3 BAR 3 BAR Nozzle Type: 4110 4110 4110 4110 Nozzle Size: 16 16 16 16 Nozzles/Row: 4 4 4 4 Boom ID: KSU 5 KSU 5 KSU 5 KSU 5 Ground Speed, Unit: 1 M/S 1 M/S 1 M/S 1 M/S Spray Volume, Unit: 500 L/HA 500 L/HA 500 L/HA 500 L/HA Propellant: AIR AIR AIR AIR
07/12/09 (I-09-081-06) Confidential AOV Means Table Page 1 of 2 Pest Type I Insect I Insect I Insect I Insect I Insect Pest Code VASASD METTUL METTUL ARGYCO CARPPO Crop Code MABSD MABSD MABSD MABSD MABSD BBCH Scale BPOM BPOM BPOM BPOM BPOM Part Rated LEAROS C LEAROS C LEAROS C FRUIT C FRUIT C Rating Date 07/08/09 07/08/09 07/08/09 17/08/09 17/08/09 Rating Data Type COUINS COUINS COUINS DAMINS DAMINS Rating Unit NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER % % Sample Size 10 10 10 50 50 Sample Size Unit LEAF LEAF LEAF FRUIT FRUIT Number of Subsamples 10 10 10 1 1 Crop Stage ADULT EGG Days After First/Last Applic. 39 15 39 15 39 15 49 25 49 25 Trt-Eval Interval 15 DA-D 15 DA-D 15 DA-D 25 DA-D 25 DA-D Plant-Eval Interval 799 DP-1 799 DP-1 799 DP-1 809 DP-1 809 DP-1 Number of Decimals 2 2 Trt Treatment Rate Appl No. Name Rate Unit Code 1 2 3 4 5 1 Untreated 27.3 a 1.2 a 5.7 a 1.29 a 1.90 a 2 Steward 0.170 KG/HA BD 31.3 a 2.3 a 7.6 a 2.33 a 0.00 a 3 Dimilin 48 SC 0.3 L/HA AD 23.1 a 1.2 a 7.0 a 0.00 a 1.97 a 4 Coragen 0.8 L/HA CD 33.0 a 2.0 a 6.2 a 3.55 a 0.00 a LSD (P=.05) 27.95 1.56 3.82 6.839 3.886 Standard Deviation 17.48 0.98 2.39 4.276 2.429 CV 60.99 57.82 36.05 238.63 251.25 Grand Mean 28.66 1.69 6.62 1.79 0.97 Bartlett's X2 7.349 2.875 1.028 3.455 0.349 P(Bartlett's X2) 0.062 0.411 0.794 0.178 0.554 Friedman's X2 0.3 5.7 1.125 1.575 1.425 P(Friedman's X2) 0.96 0.127 0.771 0.665 0.70 Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, Student-Newman-Keuls) Mean comparisons performed only when AOV Treatment P(F) is significant at mean comparison OSL.
07/12/09 (I-09-081-06) Confidential AOV Means Table Page 2 of 2 AOV For I Insect VASASD MABSD BPOM LEAROS C 07/08/09 COUINS NUMBER 10 LEAF 10 39 15 15 Total 15 3058.539724 Replicate 3 74.172348 24.724116 0.081 0.9687 Treatment 3 235.486984 78.495661 0.257 0.8545 Error 9 2748.880392 305.431155 AOV For I Insect METTUL MABSD BPOM LEAROS C 07/08/09 COUINS NUMBER 10 LEAF 10 ADULT Total 15 20.937506 Replicate 3 8.767506 2.922502 3.070 0.0836 Treatment 3 3.602504 1.200835 1.261 0.3446 Error 9 8.567495 0.951944 AOV For I Insect METTUL MABSD BPOM LEAROS C 07/08/09 COUINS NUMBER 10 LEAF 10 EGG 39 Total 15 200.770198 Replicate 3 140.945136 46.981712 8.236 0.0060 Treatment 3 8.485178 2.828393 0.496 0.6941 Error 9 51.339884 5.704432 AOV For I Insect ARGYCO MABSD BPOM FRUIT C 17/08/09 DAMINS % 50 FRUIT 1 49 25 25 DA-D 809 Total 15 226.720843 Replicate 3 34.823673 11.607891 0.635 0.6110 Treatment 3 27.341671 9.113890 0.498 0.6925 Error 9 164.555499 18.283944 AOV For I Insect CARPPO MABSD BPOM FRUIT C 17/08/09 DAMINS % 50 FRUIT 1 49 25 25 DA-D 809 Total 15 84.758944 Replicate 3 16.678071 5.559357 0.942 0.4601 Treatment 3 14.969569 4.989856 0.846 0.5028 Error 9 53.111304 5.901256