Kimberly Tierney Bio-Nutrition Analysis, evaluation and conclusion of nutrient content and formulation of three separate multivitamins and assessing the adequacy for a thirty year old male and a twenty year old female as compared to Reference Intakes (DRI). Utilized Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word.
Summary of Content Multivitamin Excel Spreadsheet Analysis of Three Multivitamin Nutrient Content and Reference Intake (DRI) of thirty year old male and twenty year old female Word Document Interpretation of Data Analysis of multivitamin content compared to RDA & AI standards Multivitamin evaluation concentrating on vitamin, macro-mineral, trace mineral, and electrolyte content Conclusion
Part 2 Assessing Multi-Vitamin Formulas Reference Intakes (DRI) _ 20 year old female Vitamins & Minerals Vitamin A ( consists of compounds; Retinal, Retinene, Retinaldehyde, Retinol, Retinoic Acid, Carotenoids Vitamin C Ascorbic Acid, Dehydroascorbic Acid, Antiscorbutic Vitamin Cholecalciferol, Calciferol, Calcitriol Vitamin E α-tocopherol, Tocopherols & Tocotrienols Vitamin K ( Phylloquinone, Menaquinone, Menadione Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin B₁, Aneurin Vitamin B₂ Vitamin B₃ Vitamin B compounds: Pyridoxal, Pyridoxine, Pyridoxamine, 5 -Phosphates Vitamin B₉, Vit Bc, Folacin, Folate, Pteroylpolyg lutamates Vitamin B Cyanocobalamine, Cobalamine Biotin ( Vitamin B₇, Vitamin H synonym Vitamin B₅ Phosphate Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) 500 60 10 12 0.9 0.9 11 1.1 320 2 800 8.1 580 95 255 6.8 45 700 34 Recommended Allowances (RDA) & Adequate Intakes (AI) 700 75 5 15 90 1.1 1.1 14 1.3 400 2.4 30 5 1000 18 700 150 310 8 55 900 1.8 25 45 2.3 4.7 ND Pantothenic Acid Calcium Iron Ferrous Fumarate, Ferrous Sulfate, Ferrous Gluconate Phosphorus Magnesium Zinc Manganese Chromium ( Chloride (g) Potassium (g) Boron Reference Intakes (DRI) 30 year old male Tolerable Upper Limits (ULs) 3000 2000 50 1000 ND ND ND 35 100 1000 ND ND ND 2500 45 4000 1100 350 40 400 10000 11 ND 2000 3.6 none 20 Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) 625 75 10 12 1 1.1 12 1.1 320 2 800 6 580 95 330 9.4 45 700 34 Recommended Allowances (RDA) & Adequate Intakes (AI) 900 90 5 15 120 1.2 1.3 16 1.3 400 2.4 30 5 1000 8 700 150 400 11 55 900 2.3 35 45 2.3 4.7 ND Tolerable Upper Limits (ULs) 3000 2000 50 1000 ND ND ND 35 100 1000 ND ND ND 2500 45 4000 1000 350 40 400 10000 11 ND 2000 3.6 none 20 1 Multivitamin tablet #1 Amount 3000 200 2.5 20.1 50 10 10 25 10 400 10 300 10 30 5 0 100 70 5 25 500 0.002 50 10 0 0 0.05 Female & Ranking 1 2 2+2 2 1+2 1 1 1 1 2+1 2 1 1 3+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 1 3+2 2+2 2+2 Multi-Vitamin 429% 267% 50% 134% 56% 909% 909% 179% 769% 100% 417% 1000% 200% 250% 28% 0% 67% 23% 63% 45% 56% 0% 200% 22% 0% 0% Male & Ranking 1 2 2+2 2 1+2 1 1 1 1 2+1 2 1 1 3+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 2+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 1 3+2 2+2 2+2 Multi-Vitamin 333% 222% 50% 134% 42% 833% 769% 156% 769% 100% 417% 1000% 200% 250% 63% 0% 67% 18% 45% 45% 56% 0% 143% 22% 0% 0% Form natural betacarotene ascorbate cholecalciferol d-alpha tocopherol phytonadione thiamine mononitrate niacinamide pyridoxine HCl cyanocobalamin D-calcium pantothenate amino acid ferrous bis from kelp zinc citrate selenium amino acid copper oxide manganese sulfate chromium chloride sodium molybdate potassium chloride #2 Amount 300 333 2.5 67 0 10 2 17 10 167 50 50 10 50 0 0 25 50 3 30 333 2 50 20 0 0 0.25 Female & Ranking 3+2 1 2+2 1 3+2 1 2 3 1 3+2 1 2 1 2+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 3+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 2 1 2+2 2+2 2+2 Multi-Vitamin 43% 444% 50% 447% 0% 909% 182% 121% 769% 42% 2083% 167% 200% 5% 0% 0% 17% 16% 38% 56% 37% 111% 200% 44% 0% 0% Male & Ranking 3+2 1 2+2 1 3+2 1 2 3 1 3+2 1 2 1 2+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 3+2 3+2 2+2 3+2 2+2 1 2+2 2+2 2+2 Multi-Vitamin 33% 370% 50% 447% 0% 833% 154% 106% 769% 42% 2083% 167% 200% 5% 0% 0% 17% 13% 27% 56% 37% 87% 143% 44% 0% 0% Form beta carotene from algae calcium ascorbate cholecalciferol d-alpha tocopheryl succinate thiamin mononitrate niacin & niacinamide pyridoxine HCl cyanocobalamin di-calcium pantothenate di-calcium pantothenate, ascorbate from kelp zinc L- selenomethionine copper manganese chromium molybdenum potassium chloride #3 Amount 1050 90 10 20.1 25 1.5 1.7 20 2 500 6 30 10 200 18 109 150 100 11 55 900 2.3 35 45 0.072 0.08 0.15 Female & Ranking 2 3 1 2 2+2 2 3 2 2 1 3 3+1 1 1+2 1+1 1+2 1+1 1+2 1 1+1 1+1 1 2 1+1 1+2 1+2 Multi-Vitamin 150% 120% 200% 134% 28% 136% 155% 143% 154% 125% 250% 100% 200% 20% 100% 16% 100% 32% 138% 100% 100% 128% 140% 100% 3% 2% Male & Ranking 2 3+1 1 2 2+2 2 3 2 2 1 3 3+1 1 1+2 1 1+2 1+1 1+2 1+1 1+1 1+1 1+1 2+1 1+1 1+2 1+2 citrate, ascorbate boron amino acid vitamins Multi-Vitamin 117% 100% 200% 134% 21% 125% 131% 125% 154% 125% 250% 100% 200% 20% 225% 16% 100% 25% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 3% 2% Form not given NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG macrominer al trace mineral electrolytes below RDA/AI = +2 minimum RDA/AI = +1 HIGHEST # LOWEST #
Part 2 Assessing Multi-Vitamin Formulas g) Nickel Silicon Tin ( Vanadium Lutein ( L-Carnitine L-Arginine Grape Seed Extract Co-Enzyme Q10 Alpha Lipoic Lycopene Bioflavonoids Rutin Inositol Hesperidin Para-aminobenzoic acid Enzyme Complex Proprietary Superfood Blend ND ND ND 1 ND 1.8 ND ND ND 1 ND 1.8 0 0 0 0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 10 75 132 475 Total Ranking 76 Met 237% Total Ranking 76 Met 221% from lemon 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 0.8 2.5 2.5 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Ranking 84 Met 230% Total Ranking 86 Met 219% L-carnitine L-arginine tertrate HCl 0.005 2 10 0.01 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Ranking 58 Met 111% Total Ranking 62 NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG Met 107%
Assessing Multi-Vitamin Formulas The process utilized in the spreadsheet comparing the formulas of three separate multi-vitamins and assessing the adequacy for a thirty year old male and a twenty year old female progressed as follows. Initial evaluation included all Reference Intakes (DRI) incorporating the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Tolerable Upper Limits (UL), and Recommended Allowances (RDA) and Adequate Intakes (AI) for comparison and reference of both a twenty year old female and a thirty year old male. Analysis of the data detailed in the EAR and AI revealed that in most cases the thirty year old male necessitates higher concentrations of nutrients than a twenty year old female, but respectively a multivitamin must still meet the RDA and AI for individuals. Specific differences between requirements are established in the subsequent table: 30 year old males require X% more than 20 year old females in the following: Chromium 29% Vitamin C 17% Zinc 27% Riboflavin 15% Vitamin K 25% Vitamin A 12% Manganese 22% Niacin 12% Magnesium 22% Thiamin 8% *Iron is the exception; A 20 year old female requires 66% more Iron than a 30 year old male. Men at the age of 30 years should also concentrate on the following vitamins and mineral: Biotin Boron, Zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and lycopene Zinc, Magnesium, Vitamin B₆ Niacin Selenium For hair loss For prostate health Associated with testosterone To ensure healthy cholesterol Decreases the risk of cancers; prostate, colon, lung Women at the age of 20 years should concentrate on the following vitamins and minerals: Iron and Magnesium Vitamin K Folic Acid and B₁₂ Zinc Lost during menstruation Influences healthy intestinal bacteria which in turn aid in absorption, needed more with excessive menstruation For the development of the nervous system of a possible future baby Metabolism of main nutrients, contributes to immune system function, mental function, fetal growth and reproduction 1
Assessing Multi-Vitamin Formulas Returning the focus to the analysis of the three multi-vitamins, the interpretation of data began by converting the units given to corresponding units and serving size. The amounts of each vitamin were then compared to one another in a several various approaches. The multi-vitamin s nutrients that met RDA and AI for females were colored pink on the spread sheet and males were colored blue. The nutrients that fell below were left uncolored. The amount of each nutrient in each multi-vitamin was then divided by the RDA and AI to equal the percent met by each multi-vitamin for the 20 year old female and the 30 year old male separately. These averages will show a correlation to the average concentrations of each nutrient, higher averages should show higher concentrations and lower averages should detail lower concentrations throughout the multi- vitamin. The averages of percentage met by the three multivitamins for the concluded as follows from highest to lowest concentrations: Vitamin # Female % Male % 1 237 221 2 230 219 3 111 107 The percentages also revealed which nutrients of each multi-vitamin fell below the RDA and AI as less than 100% and which met the minimum requirement as 100%. The following table demonstrates the specifics: Multivitamin # Gender Below RDA & AI Total Nutrients Below 1 Female Vit D, Vit K, Ca, Fe, P, I, Mg, Zn, Cl, K, Se, Cu, Mo, Mn 1 Male Vit D, Vit K, Ca, Fe, P, I, Mg, Zn, Cl, K, Se, Cu, Mo, Mn 2 Female Vit D, Vit K, Vit A, Ca, Fe, P, I, Mg, Zn, Cl, K, Se, Cu, Mo, Folic Acid 2 Male Vit D, Vit K, Ca, Fe, P, I, Mg, Zn, Cl, K, Se, Cu, Mo, Mn, Folic Acid 3 Female Vit K, Ca, P, Mg, Cl, K 3 Male Vit K, Ca, P, Mg, Cl, K Minimum RDA & AI Total Nutrients at Min Upper Limits Total Upper Limits 14 Folic Acid 1 Vit A 1 14 Folic Acid 1 Vit A 1 15 None None 16 None None 6 Biotin, I, Se, Cu, Mo, Fe 6 Vit C, Biotin, I, Se, Cu, Mo, Zn, Mn, Cr 6 None 9 None 2
Assessing Multi-Vitamin Formulas The interpretation of the table above concludes multi-vitamin #2 to be lacking the most nutrients for both male and female, followed closely by multi-vitamin #1. Multi-vitamin #3 is lacking the least in both male and female nutrients. This evidence is also supported by the number system I devised which would reveal the complete inclusion of nutrients per multi-vitamin. The number system compares the three multi-vitamins to one another and ranks each individual concentration of vitamin, macro-mineral, trace mineral, and electrolyte. The sums will reveal the lowest total to be the most complete multi-vitamin and the highest total to be insufficient. Each individual nutrient, such as Vitamin A, of all three multi-vitamins is color coded; highest content being green, middle as black, and lowest as red. Each nutrient for each gender is assigned a number, highest amount of the three is given a 1, second give a 2, and the lowest amount given a 3. The multi-vitamin is also penalized with +1 for only providing minimum RDA and AI requirements, and +2 for falling below requirements. The conclusion of the number system proceeded from lowest to highest, or most complete to least, as follows: Vitamin # Female Total Ranking Male Total Ranking 3 58 62 1 76 76 2 84 86 In conclusion of the assessment and different approaches towards analysis of data provided, I found multi-vitamin #3 to be the most complete for both the 20 year old female and 30 year old male. Multivitamin #3 is the only one of the three to meet the female requirement for Iron. Although its concentrations aren t the highest, it is the most inclusive of total nutrients. Second overall inclusive for both the male and female would be multi-vitamin #1, followed by multi-vitamin #2. Multi-vitamins #1 and multi-vitamin #2 ranked closely in both percent averages and total rank, however, what sets them apart is how many nutrients in total they are lacking. Multi-vitamin #2 fell short in nearly every analysis and contained absolutely no Iron. To clarify, I would rank the three multi-vitamins for both male and female from best to worst as multi-vitamin #3 being the best, then multi-vitamin #1, and worst being multi-vitamin #2. 3