INDUSTRIAL USES OF STARCH AND ITS DERIVATIVES

INDUSTRIAL USES OF STARCH AND ITS DERIVATIVES

INDUSTRIAL USES OF STARCH AND ITS DERIVATIVES Edited by J. A. RADLEY M.Sc., C.Chem., F.S.D.C., F.R.I.C. APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD LONDON

APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD RIPPLE ROAD, BARKING, ESSEX, ENGLAND ISBN-13: 978-94-010-1331-4 e-isbn-13: 978-94-010-1329-1 DOl: 10.1 007/978-94-0 1 0-1329-1 APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD 1976 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1976 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission ofthe publisher, Applied Science Publishers Ltd, Ripple Road, Barking, Essex, England

Preface The literature of starch has proliferated in the last ten years at an almost geometric rate and a number of important changes and developments in the technology of starch and its derivatives have taken place which makes it highly desirable to review these in some depth. The immensity ofthe subject determined the writer to seek the assistance of a number of prominent workers throughout the world. Where older work contains factual information of present value it has been retained, generally in the form of Additional References. These are brief abstracts which will help specialised searchers in a branch of the subject to complete the information given in the text. Inclusion of disjointed information can often lead to the loss of coherence and clarity, and the device of the Additional References, whilst allowing smooth presentation, also allows the inclusion of up-to-the-minute material appearing after the main text has been written. Apart from the immense amount of important practical and theoretical detail required to produce and use starch for many applications in a number of important industries, a thorough knowledge is also required of a number of aspects for the successful buying and selling of starch. This book was written and published contemporaneously with two others entitled Starch Production Technology and Examination and Analysis of Starch and Starch Products. The three books together provide a wide coverage of starch technology and chemistry with the self-contained individual volumes providing precise information for specialist readers. The writer feels that starch may well play an increasing role in the global scene. New varieties, e.g. of wheat, maize, sorghum and triticale, with greatly increased yields per unit area, make it possible that Europe alone could become a net exporter of cereals and could attain self-sufficiency in v

vi PREFACE total cereal production within the present decade. The extremely large unutilised agricultural capacity of the world provides the potential for greatly increased production. An important part of the attainment of agricultural self-sufficiency will be planned development of existing and novel applications for starch and cellulose. This book reviews the traditional uses of starch and its derivatives. The conversion of starch into glucose syrups and isomerised syrups is also reviewed. This will continue to expand the already major outlets for starch derivatives. These markets should all increase at a rate comparable with that of industrial growth in Europe. It appears highly probable that sophisticated starch derivatives will gradually replace non-renewable petrochemical products and that agriculture itself may change in such a way that land will be used not simply for the maximum production of a crop but for the maximum production of carbohydrate. My most sincere thanks are due to the contributors for their most helpful and ready co-operation in getting out a volume that is as up to date as humanly possible, and to my secretary, Mrs R. M. Russell, for her valuable help and care in producing the manuscript. I should also like to record my thanks for the constructive criticism of many practical details through the book in its early stages that were made by Mr Jack Seaman before his tragic and untimely death. Finally, my thanks are also due to the publishers for their part in the production of this book.

Contents Preface. v 1. Adhesives from Starch and Dextrin 2. The Food Industry 51 3. The Role of Starch in Bread Staling by E. M. A. WILLHOFT 117 4. The Textile Industry 149 5. The Paper Industry by A. H. ZIJDERVELD and P. G. STOUTJESDIJK 199 6. Miscellaneous Uses of Starch 229 7. Utilisation of the By-products of Starch Manufacture 253 Index 259 vii