Ambrosia beetles that should be on your radar Jiri Hulcr University of Florida
bark beetles Feed on phloem 3,000 species
bark beetles Southern pine beetle mass attack
Typical Florida bark beetles The Ips engraver beetle frass (rarely pitch tubes) vertical gallery
Ambrosia beetles ~ 3,000 species
Ambrosia beetles >10 origins Bark beetle diversity
Quiz! How many bark & ambrosia beetle species are known from Florida? a) 16 b) 37 c) 135 How may of these are AMBROSIA beetles? a) 7 b) 15 c) 60 How may of these are PESTS in urban environments? a) 5 b) 15 c) 30
Redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus Tea shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus other Euwallacea Granulated ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus crassiusculus Black twig borer Xylosandrus compactus Camphor shot hole borer Cnestus mutilatus Theoborus ricini Pinhole borer Oxoplatypus quadridentatus
Xyleborus glabratus the redbay ambrosia beetle Laurel wilt
Xyleborus glabratus the redbay ambrosia beetle
Xyleborus glabratus the redbay ambrosia beetle Homestead, FL, avocado grove
Xyleborus glabratus the redbay ambrosia beetle Most host trees in most SE states and cities DEAD. No longer a problem? backyard redbays and avocados dead: good for the industry
Xyleborus glabratus the redbay ambrosia beetle Most host trees in most SE states and cities DEAD. No longer a problem? - Spreading North, West, and South West - Beetle persists in low densities - Fungus now vectored by other beetles!
Euwallacea fornicatus complex Three genotypes in the US Polyphagous shot hole borer Tea shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus Kuroshio shot hole borer Emerging major pests in urban areas and avocado groves.
Euwallacea fornicatus complex Tea shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus - spreading in FL - increasing damage on avocado and shrubs
Euwallacea fornicatus complex Tea shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus - spreading in FL - increasing damage on avocado and shrubs
Euwallacea interjectus
Attacking live box elder in Gainesville, FL.
Euwallacea interjectus
Euwallacea interjectus No damage to HEALTHY trees ever recorded
Xylosandrus crassiusculus granulated ambrosia beetle #1 nursery tree killer in the South East
2) Ambrosia beetles on the rise Cross City Veneer, Inc.
Xylosandrus crassiusculus granulated ambrosia beetle #1 nursery tree killer in the South East..and green lumber pest
Xylosandrus compactus black twig borer - twig killer - sapling killer - very common in urban areas 1 mm
Xylosandrus compactus black twig borer spreading in the US only in live trees
Cnestus mutilatus the Camphor shot hole borer Sometimes a nursery pest
Theoborus ricini In FL since 1990s Occasionally attacking planted trees (often royal Poinciana) Only in cultivated, watered trees
Pinhole borers Native Oxoplatypus quadridentatus In oaks after stress, flooding, or a root disease. It doesn t usually kill trees.
Pinhole borers Elevated temperatures & drought Europan pinhole borer korean pinhole borer japanese pinhole borer
Pinhole borers Korean pinhole borer, Seoul.
Pinhole borers Korean pinhole borer, Seoul.
Beetle problem or tree problem? Disease triangle host DISEASE pathogen environment Ambrosia beetle & fungus square vector pathogen DISEASE host environment Forgotten interaction!
Beetle problem or tree problem? Xylosandrus crassiusculus granulate ambrosia beetle - excess of water - frost damage - pathogen Mean number of attacks per tree 12 9 6 3 0 Flooded Nonflooded Chris Ranger, USDA-ARS
Beetle problem or tree problem? Xylosandrus compactus black twig borer 1 mm
Beetle problem or tree problem? Xylosandrus compactus black twig borer 2013
Beetle problem or tree problem? Xylosandrus compactus black twig borer 2013 - very wet year after a very dry year 2014 2015 normal years, beetle uncommon
Beetle problem or tree problem? Frost damage a common unapparent stress Gainesville, January 16, 2018 Two days after a frost.
Beetle problem or tree problem? Ambrosia beetle attacks: Symptom of stress, rather than primary aggressive pests
Thank you!