01) Match the following structures to their names. a. b. c. d. 02) ame the following structures (i) (iv) i) H ii) 2 iii) iv) H 2 CH 3 H H H H H H a. Deoxyadenosine = b. Deoxyguanosine = c. Deoxythymidine = d. Deoxycytidine =
03) Consider the following representation of DA. What is the blue region called? a. The carbohydrate backbone. b. The phosphate backbone. c. The sugar-phosphate backbone. d. The nucleic acid base backbone. 04) Consider the following representation of DA. What are the groups shown in black? a. ucleic acid bases. b. Deoxyribose. c. ucleosides. d. ucleotides.
05) Consider the following representation of DA. What is the term used to describe the end of the chain marked J? a. The 2 end. b. The 3 end. c. The 4 end. d. The 5 end. 06) Consider the following representation of DA. What type of DA structure is shown here? a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Tertiary. d. Quaternary.
07) What type of structure is the double helix of DA? a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Tertiary. d. Quaternary. 08) What does the following diagram demonstrate? a. Dimerisation. b. Receptor binding. c. Base pairing. d. Polymerisation. 09) Which of the following statements is not true about DA secondary structure? a. There is a minor groove and a major groove. b. A purine base pairs up with a pyrimidine base. c. The phosphate groups are positioned to the inside of the structure. d. The base pairs are stacked. 10) What non-covalent bonding interactions do the nucleic acid bases form in DA secondary structure? a. Ionic bonds only. b. Hydrogen bonds only. c. Van der Waals interactions only. d. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. 11) What is the significance of base pairing to the function of DA? a. It neutralises basic groups and controls the cell ph. b. It means that the chains of DA are complementary allowing replication. c. It stabilises the molecule such that its lifetime in the cell is increased. d. It prevents water interacting with the nucleic acid bases.
12) Which of the following is not true when RA is compared with DA? a. RA contains ribose and not deoxyribose. b. RA contains uracil and not adenine. c. RA does not form a double helix. d. RA is smaller than DA. 13) Which of the following mutations is most likely to be disruptive to protein synthesis or function? a. UAU to UAC. b. UAU to UUU. c. UAU to UAA. d. UAU to CAU. 14) Match the structure to the process described. a. The organelle in the cell s cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. b. The structure where transcription occurs. c. The structure which catalyses protein synthesis and which is sometimes called the protein factory. d. The structure which is responsible for modifying newly transcribed mra prior to translation. 15) What is the term for the portion of messenger RA that is excised when the molecule undergoes a splicing modification? a. Intron. b. Exon. c. Exclusion. d. Inclusion. 16) Which of the following molecules is not a nucleotide? a. Adenosine. b. Adenosine monophosphate. c. Adenosine diphosphate. d. Adenosine triphosphate. 17) Which of the following structures is uracil?
18) Which of the following structures is a purine structure? 19) Which of the following structures is a pyrimidine structure? 20) Which of the following structures is adenosine?
21) Which of the following structures is a nucleotide building block for DA? 22) Which of the following structures is guanosine? 23) Which of the following structures is a nucleotide building block for DA?
24) To which of the following does adenine form hydrogen bonds in DA? a. Adenine. b. Thymine. c. Cytosine. d. Guanine. 25) To which of the following does cytosine form hydrogen bonds in DA? a. Adenine. b. Thymine. c. Cytosine. d. Guanine. 26) Which of the following statements is not true about DA secondary structure? a. There is a minor groove and a major groove. b. Purine bases pair up with each other. c. The phosphate groups are positioned to the outside of the structure. d. The base pairs are stacked. 27) Which of the following is not true when RA is compared with DA? a. RA contains ribose and not deoxyribose. b. RA contains uracil and not thymine. c. RA does not form a double helix. d. RA is larger than DA. 28) Match the processes to their descriptions. a. The process by which DA is copied to two daughter DA molecules. b. The process by which a segment of DA is copied to produce a molecule of messenger RA. c. The process by which proteins are synthesised from a genetic code. d. The overall physiological process by which new progeny are produced in a particular species. 29) Which of the following descriptions applies to the process of translation? a. The process by which DA is copied to produce two daughter DA molecules. b. The process by which a segment of DA is copied to produce a molecule of messenger RA. c. The process by which proteins are synthesised from a genetic code. d. The overall physiological process by which new progeny are produced in a particular species. 30) Match the type of RA to its function. a. The RA which catalyses protein synthesis. b. The RA which provides the genetic blueprint for a protein. c. The RA which is responsible for translating the triplet code into a specific amino acid. d. The RA which participates in modifying mra prior to protein synthesis.
31) Which of the following types of RA helps to catalyse the synthesis of proteins? a. rra. b. mra. c. tra. d. snra. 32) Which of the following types of RA translates the genetic code for the synthesis of proteins? a. rra. b. mra. c. tra. d. snra. 33) What expression is given for the three nucleic acid bases present on transfer RA that base pair with a triplet of bases on messenger RA? a. Anticodon. b. Triplet. c. Codon. d. Translation factor. 34) How many nucleic acid bases on messenger RA are responsible for the coding of one amino acid? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 35) What amino acid is coded by the triplet of bases UUU? a. Phenylalanine. b. Serine. c. Tyrosine. d. Cysteine. 36) Which of the following mutations is most likely to be disruptive to protein synthesis or function? a. GAG to GAA. b. GAG to GAC. c. GAG to GAU. d. GAG to UAG. 37) What sort of reaction is catalysed by a restriction enzyme in recombinant DA technology? a. The hydrolysis of an ester group. b. The cleavage of a sugar phosphate bond. c. The reduction of a ketone. d. The formation of a sugar phosphate bond.
38) Match the enzyme to the reaction catalysed. a. The hydrolysis of an ester group. b. The cleavage of a sugar phosphate bond c. The reduction of a ketone. d. The formation of a sugar phosphate bond. 39) Which amino acid in the enzyme topoisomerase II is responsible for cleaving a phosphate-sugar link in a DA strand? a. Tyrosine. b. Threonine. c. Serine. d. Cysteine. 40) What role does the enzyme topoisomerase II have? a. It catalyses the formation of protective units at the end of chromosomes. b. It catalyses the synthesis of DA. c. It catalyses the unwinding of the DA double helix. d. It catalyses crossing over of DA strands to relieve the tension created in DA when the DA double helix is unravelled.