Siddha Papers 2018 (13) (2) RESEARCH ARTICLE https://www.siddhapapers.com STUDY ON ACUTE TOXICITY OF SIDDHA FORMULATION UPPU CHENDURAM - II IN WISTAR RATS Bhuvaneshwari T* 1, Subash Chandran G 2, Manoharan A 3 *1 PG Scholar, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai. bhuvana_tag@yahoo.com 2 Lecterur, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai. 3 Professor and Head, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkotai. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE : To study the acute toxicity of siddha formulation Uppu Chenduram II in wistar rats. METHODS : The Uppu Chenduram(test substance) dissolved in distilled water, to be administered at the dosage of 2000 mg/kg/bw. Healthy Wistar rats (5 females) were selected and allowed for an acclimation period of 7 days. The animals were fasted overnight prior to treatment. Feed was made available ad libitum immediately after the treatment. Before commencing the experiment, the body weights of rats were recorded. All the animals were treated with 2000 mg/kg/bw of Uppu Chenduram. The test substance was administered by oral gavage. RESULTS : Single dose oral administration of Uppu Chenduram @ 2000 mg/kg/bw caused no adverse toxic effects on the body weight / body weight changes, feed and the gross anatomy of treated female Wistar rats. The animals did not show any changes in respiration, circulation, autonomic and central nervous system, behavioral pattern. CONCLUSION: The acute oral LD 50 of test substance (247) in Wistar rats was observed to be greater than 2000 mg/kg b.w. This indicates the safety of Uppu Chenduram-II through oral administration. KEY WORDS: Uppu Chenduram - II, Wistar rats, Acute -Toxicity, Dose
INTRODUCTION The siddha formulation, Uppu Chenduram - II is very effective in treating Erigunmam (Peptic ulcer disease). There is an emerging increase in the consumption of herbal formulations by the public, because of the strong belief that these products are natural; hence, they are safe for the treatment of ailments [1]. However, herbal preparations assumed to be safe may contain contaminants such as heavy metals [3], aflatoxins and pathogenic microbes due to the manner in which they are prepared or as a result of acquisition of metals (e.g. cadmium) from the soil [4,5]. Determination of acute oral toxicity is usually the initial screening step in the assessment and evaluation of the toxic characteristics of all compounds. Acute toxicity is involved in estimation of LD50 (the dose which has proved to be lethal (causing death) to 50% of the tested group of animals) [6].The Uppu Chenduram II was analysed for their acute toxicity profile with reference to behavioural aspects in Wistar rats. The limit test dose of 2000mg/kg body weight was used following OECD guidelines. [7] MATERIAL AND METHODS The Siddha formulation, Uppu Chenduram was taken from the text book of Siddha Vaithiya thirattu. Ingredients of Uppu Chenduram-II Sottruppu (Common salt) Juice of Agayathamarai (Pistia stratiotes) Preparation of Uppu Chenduram-II The Sottruppu was purified using rain water and grind with agayathamarai leaf juice, made it into disc shaped pellets. Then it was allowed to pudam (calcination process)for 6times ranging from 10 to 20 varatties(cow dung cakes). Then made into fine powder and kept in dried air tight container. [8] Acute Toxicity Study The present study work was conducted in Central Animal Facility, SASTRA DEEMED UNIVERSITY,Thanjavur-613401. The siddha preparation Uppu Chenduram II administered orally for acute oral toxicity of is carried out as per the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) -423 guidelines after the animal ethical clearance from Institutional Animal Ethics
Committee. The experiment was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) under CPCSEA (approval no: 485/SASTRA/IAEC/RPP). Preparation of Test Substance The test substance was dissolved in distilled water and administered as such at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Treatment Healthy Wistar rats (5 females, females rats are preferable for acute toxicity studies as per OECD - 425) were selected and allowed for an acclimation period of 7 days. The animals were fasted overnight prior to treatment. Feed was made available ad libitum immediately after the treatment. Before commencing the experiment, the body weights of rats were recorded. All the animals were treated with 2000 mg/kg of test substance (247). The test substance was administered by oral gavage using an appropriately sized syringe and stainless steel ball- tipped intubation needle. The animals were returned to their cages immediately after the drug treatment. OBSERVATIONS Observation Period: 14 days Mortality All animals were observed twice every day for mortality for 14 days. Body Weight Body weight of each animal was recorded just prior to the test substance treatment (Day 0), Day 7 and 14 using electronic Animal weighing balance (Sartorius AG, Germany). Feed Intake Feed intake for individual animals was recorded daily for the entire study period. Toxicity Signs All the animals were observed individually after the treatment of the test substance during the entire observation period for the presence of any signs of toxicity including alopecia, catalepsy, chromodacryorrhea, clonic, coma, convulsion, diarrhea, dullness, excessive grooming, change in gait, hyperactivity, lacrimation, nasal discharge, nasal irritation, piloerection, polyuria, prostration, repetitive circling, respiratory distress, salivation, scaling, tonic, tremor and uro-genital staining. Gross Pathology All animals were subjected to necropsy at the end of 14 day observation period for gross pathological examination RESULTS
Mortality No mortality was observed in treated group of rats throughout the observation period (Table 1). Table 1:Mortality Data Total Dose Percent Details of the Group no. of rats (mg/kgb.w.) mortality Test substance (247) treated (upto 14 days) 5 Female 2000 0 treated b.w. - Body Weight. Body Weight The animals treated with test substance (247) did not show a significant change in body weight gain on day 7 and 14 when compared with Day 0 (Table 2). Table 2: Weekly Mean Body Weight Changes in Rats Animal ID Sex Body Weight (g) Day 0 Day 7 Day 14 10323 Female 182.65 192.24 194.99 10324 Female 185.96 192.08 194.39 10325 Female 175.37 185.21 187.89 10326 Female 171.83 188.39 193.43 10327 Female 168.82 175.2 179.64 Mean 176.93 186.62 190.07 SD 7.22 7.02 6.47 200.00 195.00 190.00 185.00 180.00 175.00 170.00 165.00 160.00 155.00 194.99 194.39 193.43 187.89 192.24 192.08 188.39 179.64 185.96 185.21 182.65 175.37 175.20 171.83 168.82 10323 10324 10325 10326 10327 Day 0 Day 7 Day 14
Название оси Feed Intake (Table 3). The daily feed intake of rats remained unaffected throughout the experimental period Animal Table 3: Daily Feed Intake (g) by Rats D 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ID Sex 10323 F 13.31 10.0110.13 10.4211.89 10.5612.55 9.22 10.76 12.15 13.54 8.57 12.61 13.56 10324 F 13.02 12.1614.73 12.7913.38 14.4213.64 10.3012.31 12.49 12.13 11.6011.99 14.20 10325 F 12.96 10.4210.90 11.79 9.96 11.3011.56 11.87 9.95 13.24 10.46 11.40 8.62 13.90 10326 F 14.24 11.0413.73 13.5812.13 13.3412.48 11.4914.03 11.58 11.65 12.45 8.49 10.66 10327 F 9.46 10.7013.91 12.2710.53 9.70 13.16 10.14 9.80 14.03 11.72 11.6510.19 13.79 Mean 12.60 10.8712.68 12.1711.58 11.8612.68 10.6011.37 12.70 11.90 11.1310.38 13.22 SD 1.83 0.82 2.03 1.18 1.36 1.96 0.78 1.07 1.79 0.96 1.11 1.49 1.89 1.45 M - Male; F- Female; SD Standard deviation; Название диаграммы 10323 10324 10325 10326 10327 8.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Toxicity Signs No visible signs of toxicity such as changes in respiration, circulation, autonomic and central nervous system, behavioral pattern were observed during the entire observation period(table 4).
Table 4: Toxicity signs observed in Female Rats Observation* Day 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Appeared Normal 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 Found death 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Catalepsy 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Chromodacryorrhea 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Clonic 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Coma 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Convulsion 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Diarrhea 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Dullness 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Excessive grooming 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Change in Gait 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Hyperactivity 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Lacrimation 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Nasal discharge 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Nasal irritation 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Piloerection 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Polyuria 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Prostration 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Repetitive circling 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Respiratory distress 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Salivation 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Tonic 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Tremor 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Uro-genital staining 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 * No. of animals showing the clinical sign / No. of animals per group
Gross Pathology 1. No test compound related findings were observed at necropsy. All gross observations were agonal in nature and bore no relation to treatment with the test substance (Table 5). Table 5 : Gross Pathology Status of S.No. 1 Sex F Animal No. 10323 the animal at the time of receipt at necropsy Live Lesions observed at necropsy NAD 2 F 10324 Live NAD 3 F 10325 Live NAD 4 F 10326 Live NAD 5 F 10327 Live NAD F Female; NAD- No Abnormalities Detected 2. All animals survived until the end of study. CONCLUSION 1. Single dose oral administration of test substance (247) @ 2000 mg/kg caused no adverse toxic effects on the body weight / body weight changes, feed and the gross anatomy of treated female Wistar rats. 2. The acute oral LD 50 of test substance (247) in Wistar rats was observed to be greater than 2000 mg/kg b.w. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am thankful to Lecturer, HOD, Department of Pothumaruthuvam (PG), Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai and Central Animal Facility, SASTRA DEEMED UNIVERSITY, Thanjavur for providing infrastructure and facilities to conduct the research trial. REFERENCES [1] Arya A, Mahmood AA, Batoul SH, Mustafa AM. Screening for hypoglycemic activity on the leaf extracts of nine medicinal plants: in-vivo evaluation. E-J Chem 2012; 9(3): 1196-205. [2] Said O, Khalil K, Fulder S, Azaizeh H. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal herbs of the Middle East region. J Ethnopharmacol2002; 83: 251-6.
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