1 Supplemental Table S1. Breeding history and origin summaries for eight Lolium perenne (L.) cultivars and three L. multiflorum (Lam.) cultivars or accessions used for the genotyping experiments in the current study. Number of Entry Individuals/Genotypes Breeding History or Origin Applaud L. perenne 6 Applaud perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a turf-type perennial ryegrass selected from the maternal progenies of 23 clones. Each of the 23 parental clones of Applaud were selected from 11 different maternal sources evaluated in progeny turf plots at the Rutgers Plant Science Research and Extension Farm at Adelphia, NJ. (Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 2011) Derby Xtreme L. perenne 6 Derby Xtreme perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a turf-type perennial ryegrass selected from the maternal progenies of 23 plants. The paternal germplasm used to develop Derby Xtreme perennial ryegrass is part of the germplasm pool present at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (Rutgers Plant Science Research and Extension Farm
2 at Adelphia, NJ), and has undergone numerous cycles of recurrent selection with plants selected from old turfs of the mid-atlantic region of the United States starting in 1962 (DLF International Seeds, 2007). Frontier L. perenne 6 Frontier perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a turf-type perennial ryegrass selected from the cultivars Excel, Radiant, Divine, Wilmington, Pennant II, and Wizard. Development of Frontier was conducted by McCarthy Research Farm, Inc. (Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies, 2007) Manhattan 6 L. perenne 6 Manhattan 6 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a turf-type perennial ryegrass. The plants that produced Manhattan 6 traced to: 77% population 2AM, which was developed into Manhattan 5 GLR, and 23% traced to 2MGG-129, which traced to a plant that was collected in Ogrodzieniec, Poland in 1996 (Pure Seed Testing, Inc., 2015). 50% of
3 Manhattan 5 GLR traces to Rutgers University sources from a population called PST-2AGP (Pure Seed Testing, Inc., 2012). Palmer V L. perenne 6 Palmer V perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a turf-type perennial ryegrass selected from the maternal progenies of 16 clones. Germplasm used to develop Palmer V perennial ryegrass is part of the germplasm pool present at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (Rutgers Plant Science Research and Extension Farm at Adelphia, NJ), and has undergone numerous cycles of recurrent selection with plants selected from old turfs of the mid-atlantic region of the United States starting in 1962 (Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 2013). Pennant 3 L. perenne 6 Pennant 3 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a turf-type perennial ryegrass developed by McCarthy Research Farm, Inc. (http://vistaseedpartners.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/pennant-iii-
4 Perennial-Ryegrass-Tech-Sheet.pdf - verified 14 June 2016). Details of the breeding history are unknown. Repell GLS L. perenne 6 Repell GLS perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a turf-type perennial ryegrass developed from the cultivars Amazing and Prelude IV (Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies, 2007). Amazing and Prelude IV both trace to germplasm pools present at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (Rutgers Plant Science Research and Extension Farm at Adelphia, NJ) (Ampac Seeds, Inc., 2004; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 2004). Wicked L. perenne 6 Wicked perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a turf-type perennial ryegrass selected from the maternal progenies of 11 clones. Paternal sources used to develop Wicked are part of the germplasm pool present at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (Rutgers Plant Science Research and Extension Farm at Adelphia, NJ), and has undergone
5 numerous cycles of recurrent selection with plants selected from old turfs of the mid-atlantic region of the United States starting in 1962 (Stacy Bonos personal communication). PI 517948 L. multiflorum 16 Tift 86 - Breeding accession developed jointly by USDA-ARS and the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Collection/selection from an adapted, reseeding, early-maturing ecotype from a pasture near Valdosta, GA (https://npgsweb.arsgrin.gov/gringlobal/accessiondetail.aspx?1412884 verified 14 June 2016). PI 193145 Gulf L. multiflorum 16 Gulf annual ryegrass is a 1950 collection/direct increase of La Estranzuela 284, an improved cultivar from Uruguay (Weihing, 1963) Turf Merchants, Inc. L. multiflorum 16 Breeding accession from Turf Merchants, Inc., Tangent, OR.
6 References Ampac Seeds, Inc. 2004. Ryegrass, Perennial Amazing. U.S. Plant Variety Protection Certificate 200200087. Date Issued: 22 November 2004 Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies. 2007. A Report of the National Grass Variety Review Board. Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies. 15 February 2007 DLF International Seeds. 2007. Ryegrass, Perennial Derby Extreme. U.S. Plant Variety Protection Certificate 200700422. Date Issued: 14 September 2007 Pure Seed Testing, Inc. 2012. Ryegrass, Perennial Manhattan 5 GLR. U.S. Plant Variety Protection Certificate 200800034. Date Issued: 16 July 2012 Pure Seed Testing, Inc. 2015. Ryegrass, Perennial Manhattan 6. U.S. Plant Variety Protection Certificate 201300344. Date Issued: 30 March 2015 Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. 2004. Ryegrass, Perennial Prelude IV. U.S. Plant Variety Protection Certificate 200400131. Date Issued: 25 March 2004 Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. 2011. Ryegrass, Perennial Applaud. U.S. Plant Variety Protection Certificate 200200259. Date Issued: 15 February 2011
7 Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. 2013. Ryegrass, Perennial Palmer V. U.S. Plant Variety Protection Certificate 200700269. Date Issued: 30 April 2013 Weihing, R. M. 1963. Registration of Gulf annual ryegrass (Other grasses, Reg. No. 8). Crop Science. 3:366.