VCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION WORKBOOK UNIT 1 BODIES IN MOTION NAME:

VCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION WORKBOOK UNIT 1 BODIES IN MOTION NAME:

SKELETAL SYSTEM List the 5 functions of the skeletal system and complete the following table. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION Label the following features on the diagram below; Periosteum, Marrow, Spongy Bone, Compact Bone, Blood vessels. Why are babies bones so flexible? List two food sources for that provide high amounts of the following vitamins and minerals. VITAMIN/MINERAL FOOD SOURCE

What is the most affective activity for the health of your skeletal system? Give 5 examples of these types of activities that increase bone density. What is osteoporosis? How can it be delayed? Complete the following table. BONE TYPE DESCRIPTION DRAWING

Humerus Tarsals Pelvis Ulna Cranium Vertebral Column Tibia Metatarsals Fibula Phalanges Radius Clavicle Carpals Mandible Sternum Patella (knee cap) Ribs Femur Metacarpals Phalanges

Scapula Tarsals Pelvis Ulna Cranium Mandible Tibia Carpals Fibula Femur Radius Clavicle Vertebral Column Humerus

VERTEBRAL COLUMN Coccyx Sacrum Intervertebral Discs Lumbar Curve Cervical Curve Thoracic Curve How many vertebrae are contained in that curve? Cervical Curve Thoracic Curve Lumbar Curve Sacrum Coccyx What travels down the hollow section of the vertebral column?

Correctly label the following images: ANATOMICAL POSITIONS

JOINTS OF THE BODY JOINTS MOVEMENT EXAMPLE List the characteristics of the a Synovial Joint

SYNOVIAL JOINT DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES Label the following joints:

TYPES OF CONTRACTIONS CONTRACTION DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE List and describe the two types of Isoinertial contractions.

CLASSROOM LABORATORY Perform several sit-ups. 1. Where were your abdominal muscles working the hardest? Hold your body the plank position for 20 30 seconds. 2. Is there tension in your muscles? 3. Was there any movement? 4. Which exercise was isotonic and which was isometric? Why? Perform 5 push-ups. 5. What types of contraction occur during the upward & downward phase? Push against the wall and hold for 30 seconds. 6. Could you maintain the same force for the entire 30 seconds? 7. What type of contraction is this? 8. Why does this type of contraction produce greater muscle gains than the others?

How many muscles are there in the body? MUSCULAR SYSTEM What are the three main functions of muscles? MUSCLE TYPE DESCRIPTION APPEARANCE All of these muscles work together to perform a wide variety of tasks; however each individual muscle is actually only capable of only two movements - &. CONNECTIVE TISSUES DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

Gastrocnemius Wrist Flexors Tibialis Anterior Hamstrings Trapezius Deltoid Rhomboids Biceps Pectoralis Major Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Maximus Rectus Abdominis Triceps Sternocleidomastoid Quadriceps Wrist Extensors Soleus Obliques Achillies Tendon

For each of the following muscles, describe an action in a sport that uses that particular muscle. Quadriceps Hamstrings Biceps Triceps Deltoid MUSCLE Rectus Abdominals Gastrocnemius Wrist Flexors ACTION What are known as muscle origins? ORIGINS & INSERTIONS What are known as muscle insertions?

MOVEMENTS OF THE BODY MOVEMENTS DESCRIPTION IMAGE

Test your knowledge Match the movements with the correct descriptions. Rotation Adduction Inversion Circumduction Abduction Plantarflexion Extension Pronation Supination Flexion Eversion Dorsiflexion Movement of the ankle so the foot points down. A rotation of the sole of the foot outwards. Body part moves in a cone (circle) shape. Rotation of the forearm, which causes the palm to face up. Angle of the joint in increased. A rotation of the sole of the foot inwards. Movement of the ankle so the foot points up. A body part in moved towards the midline of the body. A body part is moved either outwards or inwards on an axis. Rotation of the forearm which causes the palm to face down. A body part in moved away from the midline of the body. Angle of the joint decreased. MUSCLE FIBRES Our muscles consist of two fibre types; twitch and twitch. Our percentage of each one is determined by our &. Colour Size Force available Oxygen supply Speed of contraction Genetic inheritance Fatigability Hypertrophy potential CHARACTERISTICS FAST TWITCH SLOW TWITCH Ability to change from FT to ST fibres and vice versa Changes of one person having the same fibre type throughout Why are males generally stronger than females?

When are our muscles at their strongest point? For the following sports, list the muscle fibre type that you would use the most. SPORT Javelin Marathon Run 100m Sprint Cross Country Skiing 1500m Swim Golf Swing Netball Goal Shooter Netball Centre AFL Full Forward AFL Rover MUSCLE FIBRE TYPE NERVOUS CONTROL Describe the path taken by impulses from the brain to the muscles. BRAIN MUSCLE

MUSCULOSKELETAL GLOSSARY Acetylcholine Agonist/Antagonist Anterior & Posterior Abduction & Adduction Cardiac Muscle Cartilage Compact bone Flat bones Flexion & Extension Haemoglobin Irregular bones

Isokinetic Isometric Isotonic Ligaments Long bones Medial & Lateral Directions Muscle fibres Muscle Origins & Insertions Myofibril Osteoporosis Pennation

Proximal & Distal Reciprocal Inhibition Red blood cells Sarcomere Short bones Smooth Muscle Stabiliser Synovial Joints Tendons Vertebrae

MUSCULOSKELETAL REVISION 1. List the 5 main functions of the skeletal system. 2. List 4 different types of bones in skeletal system. Give an example for each. 3. Refer to the Vertebral Column for the following questions; a. List the four main sections of the spine. b. How many vertebrae are there in each section? c. What is the main function of the vertebral column? d. Which major muscles surround the spine? e. Discuss some effects that these muscles exert on the spine. 4. What are the main vitamins that affect the health of the skeletal system and name their source?

5. What role does exercise play in skeletal health during your life? 6. Find a partner and ask them the location of 10 different muscles in the body. Get them do the same to you and write your score here: 7. Find a partner and ask them 10 different movements the body can make. Get them do the same to you and write your score here: 8. What is the man function of the muscular system? 9. Name and describe the three types of muscles. 10. For the following sports state whether the athlete uses mainly slow or fast twitch muscle fibres or a combination. Weight-lifting Tour de France Soccer Goal-Keeping Hockey, Forward Netball, Wing Attack AFL, Centre Half Forward Athletics, Long Jumper Athletics, Decathlete Tennis Sprint Cycling Basketball, Centre Water Polo 11. Study the image to the right and answer the following questions:

Classify the joint where movement is occurring. List & label the seven 7 bones present in image. Label the 2 muscles present. What types of movement can place at this joint? Which type of contraction is occurring? Why?