DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, HPS (B) X CLASS Key:Reproductive system, Endocrine system and Population Question I. Name of the following: 1. The part of the female reproductive system in which fertilization takes place- Oviduct/fallopian tube 2. A highly coiled tube where sperms are stored and mature-epididymis 3. The onset of reproductive phase in a young female-menarche 4. The process of rupture of follicle and release of ovum from the ovary-ovulation 5. The process of fusion of sperm and ovum-fertilization 6. The process of attachment of developing embryo to the uterine wall-implantation 7. The fluid inside the uterus which protects the embryo from mechanical shocks-amniotic fluid 8. The hormone secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes-testosterone 9. The structure formed by the villi of the embryo and uterus of the mother-placenta 10. A hormone that controls the basal metabolic rate-thyroxin 11. A hormone that releases glucose in the blood-glucagon 12. The hormone that stimulates development of secondary sexual characteristics in male- Testosterone 13. The passage which connects abdominal cavity to testis-inguinal canal 14. The period of intra uterine development of foetus-gestation 15. A hormone that regulates development of secondary sexual characteristics in females- Oestrogen 16. An accessory gland whose secretion activates the sperm-seminal Vesicle 17. A condition caused due to the hyper secretion of thyroxin-exophthalmic Goitre 18. A condition caused due to hyposecretion of insulin-diabetes mellitus 19. The canal through which the testes descend into the scrotum just before the birth in a human male child-inguinal canal 20. The number of live births per thousand people per year-natality 21. An endocrine gland which produces an emergency hormone-adrenal Gland 22. The hormone which increases reabsorption of water by kidney tubules-vasopressin 23. The number of persons living per square kilometre at any given time-population density 24. The permanent stoppage of menstruation at about the age of 45 years in a female- Menopause 25. A method of contraception in which the sperm duct is cut and ligated-vasectomy 26. Statistical study of human population-demography 27. Group of hormones which influence other endocrine glands to produce hormones-tropic hormone 28. Thin walled sac of skin which covers the testes-scrotum 29. The number of deaths per thousand people per year-mortality Question II: Differentiate between the following as per the guidelines 1. Fertilization and Implantation. (Define). A. Fertilization :The process of fusion of male and female gamete. 1
Implantation: The process of attachment of developing embryo/blastocyst to the uterine wall. 2. Simple goitre and Exophthalmic goitre.( Cause ) A. Simple goitre: hyposecretion of thyroxin Exophthalmic goitre: hyper secretion of thyroxin 3. Sperm and Ovum. ( structure) A. Sperm: consist of head,middle piece and tail Ovum: spherical structure 4. Diabetes insipidus and Diabetes mellitus (Cause) A. Diabetes insipidus: hyposecretion of vasopressin Diabetes mellitus: hyposecretion of insulin. 5. Seminal vesicle and prostate gland. ( location) A. Seminal vesicle: between posterior surface of urinary bladder and rectum. Prostate gland: surrounding urethra close to its origin from urinary bladder. 6. Ovum and Fertilized egg.( Number of chromosomes). A. Ovum:23 Fertilized egg:46 7. Glucagon and Insulin (Function). A. Glucagon: stimulate liver cells to convert glycogen into glucose there by raising the blood glucose. Insulin: stimulate liver cells to convert glucose into glycogen there by lowering the blood glucose. 8. Thyroid and Adrenal Gland.( Location) A. Thyroid: below larynx in the neck region Adrenal Gland: at the top of each kidney 9. Amnion and Chorion.( Function) A. Amnion: protects the foetus from mechanical shocks. Chorion: chorionic villi forms placenta 10. Menarche and Menopause. ( Define) A. Menarche :the onset of menstrual cycle in young female at the age of 13 years. Menopause: permanent stoppage of menstrual cycle in women at the age of 45 years. Question III: Give exact location and function of the following structures: 1. Seminal vesicle: between posterior surface of urinary bladder and rectum. 2. Adrenal Gland: at the top of each kidney 3. Prostate gland: surrounding urethra close to its origin from urinary bladder. 4. Placenta: attached to the wall of uterus. 2
5. Pituitary gland:attached to the base of hypothalamus 6. Semineferous Tubules:in the lobules of the testis 7. Pancreas:below (and behind) the stomach in the curve of duodenum. 8. Uterus :between posterior surface of urinary bladder and rectum. 9. Interstitial cell: between seminiferoucs tubules in testis. 10. Amnion: membrane surrounding foetus. Question IV: Diagram based questions: Q1.Given below are diagrams showing different stages in the process of fertilization of an egg in the female reproductive tract: i) Use the alphabets given below each diagram to show order in the process of fertilisation. A.DBCA ii) Where in the female reproductive system does this normally take place? A.Oviduct/fallopian tube iii) What is the biological term for the product of fusion? A.Zygote iv) What is the chromosome number of (l) the egg (2) the fused product? A.1.23 2.46 Q2.Given below is a diagrammatic representation of the ventral sectional view of the female reproductive system. i) Label the parts numbered 1 to 8. A.1.Oviduct. 2.Funnel of oviduct. 3. Ureter. 4. Vagina 5. Ovary 6.Uterus 7.Urinary Bladder.8.Urethra ii) How does the uterus prepare for the reception of a zygote? A. Endometrial thickened, blood supply to Uterine wall increases iii) Name the part where fertilization occurs. A. Oviduct iv) Differentiate between identical twins and fraternal twins. A.Identical twins are born when a zygote split in to two where as fraternal twins are borne when two ovum are produced by the ovary at the same time and fertilized by two sperms. 3
Q3.The diagram given alongside is that of a developing human foetus in the womb. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow: i) Name the parts '1' to '6' indicated by guideline. A.Chorion. 2.placenta 3.umbilical cord 4.uterus 5.amnion. 6.amniotic fluid ii) What term is given to the period of development of the foetus in the womb? A.Gestation iii) How many days does the foetus take to be fully developed? A.280 days iv) Mention two functions of the parts labelled '2' other than its endocrine function. A. Allows diffusion of oxygen from uterine villi to foetal villi and carbon dioxide from foetal villi to uterine villi. B. Allows diffusion of nutrients from uterine villi to foetal villi v) Name the hormone (any one) produced by the part labelled '2'. A.Progesterone vi) What is the function of the part marked '3'? A. It transport oxygen from uterine villi to foetal villi and carbon dioxide from foetal villi to uterine villi. It transport nutrients from uterine villi to foetal villi. Q4.Given below is the outline of the cross section of the male reproductive system. Observe it carefully and answer the following questions: (i) Label the parts numbered 1 to 9. 1. Ureter 2. Seminal vesicle 3. Prostate gland 4. Testis 5. Scrotum 4
6. Urinary bladder 7. Sperm duct 8. Urethra 9. Penis ii) Name the hormone produced by testis. A. Testosterone iii) Why are sperms produced in large number? A.As many sperms are destroyed before reaching the fallopian tube carrying ovum,so to ensure fertilization many sperms are produced. (iv) State the function of the part labeled 2 and 3. A. 2.secretes fluid that activates the sperms.3.secretes fluid that provides mobility to sperms. Q 5.The diagram given below shows the male urinogenital system of a human being. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow: i) Label the parts numbered A to D A Urinary bladder B.Sperm duct C.Urethra D Testis ii) Name the corresponding structure of part B in female reproductive system. A Fallopian tube iii) What is the significance of the testes being located in the scrotal sac outside the abdomen? A. To maintains testis temperature 2-3 o C less than the body temperature which is required for the formation of sperms. iv) What is the role played by the inguinal? A. Testis descends into scrotum through inguinal canal prior to birth. v) What is the role of part D? A. Produces sperm Q6.Given below is a diagram of the lateral section of the testis of a man. Study the same and answer the questions which follow: i) Label the parts numbered 1 to 4 in the diagram. 1.Sperm duct 2.Semineferous tubule 3.Lobule 4.Epididymis 5
ii) State the functions of the parts labelled 1 and 2. 1. Transport sperms from testis to urethra. 2. produce sperms iii) What is semen? A.It is the mixture of sperm and secretion of seminal vesicle,prostate gland and bulbo urethral gland iv) Why do testis descends into scrotum at the time of birth in male child? A.To maintains testis temperature 2-3 o C less than the body temperature which is required for the formation of sperms. v) Draw a labelled diagram of sperm vi) Give genotype of sperm A.22+X / 22+Y Question V: Give scientific reasons for the following i) Blood of mother and foetus never mix with each other. A.The relatively high pressure of mother s blood would damage the delicate tissues of the foetus,pathogen from mother s blood can pass into foetal blood. ii) Gametes are always haploid. A. Gametes are produced by meiosis,so that on fertilization normal diploid number is restored in humans. iii).a single sperm fertilizes an ovum still more than 300 million sperms are present in single ejaculation. A. As many sperms are destroyed before reaching the fallopian tube carrying ovum,so to ensure fertilization many sperms are produced. iv) Pituitary gland is called master endocrine gland. A.Secretes tropic hormone which stimulates other endocrine gland to secrete their hormone. v) People living in Himalayan region suffer from simple goitre. A.Soil in Himalayan region is deficient in iodine,thus food produced in such soil is also deficient in iodine.this causes hyposecretion of thyroxine (as iodine is an essential component of thyroxine) causing simple goitre. vi) Twins can be identical or non identical. A Identical twins are born when a zygote split in to two whereas fraternal twins are borne when two ovum are produced by the ovary at the same time and fertilized by two sperms. ********************* 6