Anatomy/Physiology Study Guide: Unit 9 Excretory System 1) In the space below, list the primary structures (organs) and their corresponding functions. Structures: Functions: KIDNEY 1) URETER BLADDER URETHRA 2) 3) 2a) What metabolic waste is being filtered by the urinary system? 2b) Metabolizing (using for energy) what type of food creates it? 3) Besides what is listed as kidney functions above, list 2 additional functions of the urinary system 1. 2. 4a) Which body cavity contains the kidneys? 4b) Are they located on the anterior or posterior side of the body? 5a) What is the function of the AFFERENT ARTERIOLE vs. the EFFERENT ARTERIOLE? 5b) How does their structure lead to filtration? RENAL PHYSIOLOGY: There are 3 processes which take place in the NEPHRON to allow urine to form as a liquid waste product of the human body. These three processes are (1) glomerular filtration; (2) tubular reabsorption; and (3) tubular secretion. 6a) In filtration, the first step in urine formation, materials move from the to. 6b) What allows various molecules to be filtered (what is the criteria)? 6c) What force is mainly responsible for allowing the movement of substances through the glomerular capillary wall and into the Bowman s capsule? 6d) List 2 specific things that cannot be filtered (will not be in the glomerular filtrate but will be in blood plasma)? 7a) Which direction does material go in reabsorption?
7b) List specifically in the nephron where reabsorption takes place and examples of things that your body reabsorbs in each location. 8a) The third step in the process of urine formation is tubular secretion. Which direction does material go in tubular secretion? 8b) List specifically in the nephron where secretion takes place and examples of things that your body secretes in each location. 9) During a 24 hour time period 45 gallons of liquid are filtered from the blood plasma. Why do we not excrete all 45 gallons as urine? 10a) In the diagram on the right, what substance is in structure Y? 10b) Where is it going? 11a) What 2 places does ADH (antidiuretic hormone) bind to on the nephron? 11b) What direct effect does it have once it has attached to the nephron? 11c) What effect does this action (11b) have on the concentration of a person s blood? 11d) What effect does this action (11b) have on the concentration of a person s urine? 11e) What effect does caffeine and alcohol have on the blood if they decrease the amount of ADH being produced/circulated in the body? 11f) What effect does caffeine and alcohol have on the urine if they decrease the amount of ADH being produced/ circulated in the body?
12a) List the normal constituents of urine. 12b) Which from the list is the most abundant/makes up the greatest percentage of urine? 12c) Which is the most abundant solute (non-liquid)? 13) What happens to each of the following if your Blood Volume Decreases? Blood pressure Filtration rate Urine production 14) If someone s kidneys aren t functioning well, what treatment do they undergo & what is that treatment doing? 15) What are kidney stones? 16) What causes a urinary tract infection (UTI/bladder infection)? 17) In the micturition reflex, which sphincter is under voluntary control? 18) Tylenol/acetaminophen is processed by your whereas Advil/motrin/ibuprofen is processed by your.
**If you like using charts to help you organize your study material (not required): 13) Nephron Functions (Physiology) Structure Function Substance(s) Moved Direction Substances are Moving Glomerulus Bowman s Capsule Proximal (Convoluted) Tubule Secretion Descending Limb of the Loop Of Henle Ascending Limb of the Loop Of Henle Distal (Convoluted) Tubule Secretion Collecting Duct
**KNOW YOUR NEPHRON DIAGRAM and BE ABLE TO LABEL KIDNEY STRICTURES AS WELL!! (not required) 4 Renal arteriole A B C (going in) D (out) E F