NOTE: Practice Final Exam Although I am posting the answer key for this practice exam, I want you to use this practice to gauge your knowledge, and try to figure out the right answer by yourself before looking in the answer key. Additionally, I cannot guarantee that these answers are correct, and I cannot guarantee that these questions will be in the exam as I am not a TA for the class and I do see the actual tests at all. Finally, please DO NOT use this practice exam as your only study material!!! Good Luck! 1) Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation? a. Inactivation of macrophages b. Increased vascular permeability c. Vasodilation d. Pain e. Influx of leukocyte 2) Which of the following lymphocytes has orange/red stained granules, and is specialized in fighting parasitic infections? a. Basophils b. Neutrophils c. B Cells d. Eosinophils 3) Pyogenic refers to the body s production of heat to fight infections 4) The protein that initiates the cascade in the classical pathway is: a. C1q b. C3b c. C1s 5) The receptor for C3b is? a. CR1 b. CR2 c. CR3 d. All the above 6) What extracellular proteins TLR needs to be able to start the cytokine producing protein cascade? a. MD2 b. CD14 c. LBP d. All the above 7) Identify the mismatched pair: a. ICAM-1 : LFA-1 b. CD14:LPS
c. NK Cells : INF - gamma d. Selectin : tight binding 8) Catalase is the enzyme used by neutrophils to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 9) INF α and INF ß are produced by which cells? a. Only NK Cells b. Only T cells c. All nucleated cells d. A & B 10) One binding site of any Ig is composed by a. 1 Hypervariable region b. 2 Hypervariable regions c. 3 Hypervariable regions d. 6 Hypervariable regions 11) The third hypervariable region of light chain (CDR3) is determined by: a. V segments b. J segments c. V/J junction d. D segments e. They all determine the CDR3 12) Whether an Ig is secreted or membrane bound is determined while/during: a. Somatic Recombination b. Somatic Hypermutation c. RNA splicing d. DNA Splicing e. A & C 13) Enzyme/s involved in somatic hypermutations is/are: a. RAG-1 b. RAG-2 c. AID d. RNA Polymerase e. C & D 14) Once a T Cell has rearranged a TCR, which of the following membrane proteins will the TCR need to leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum to get to its final destination? a. One Igα, one Igβ, two ε, one γ and two δ. b. Two ε, two γ, two δ and one ξ. c. One ε, one γ, one δ and two ξ. d. Two ε, one γ, one δ and two ξ. 15) The importance of ξ chain is in: a. Their key role in stabilizing the TCR b. These proteins have a role in transducing a signal from the extracellular space to the intracellular space c. In their role in aiding the TCR when interacting with the MHC. d. Without ξ chains, zap70 would not phosphorylate, and activation of T cells would be impaired.
e. B & D 16) A MHC I: a. Two transmembrane chains, with two α chains and two ß chains. b. One transmembrane chains, three α chains, one ß2-microglobulin. c. Has one α1 and one α2 that will form the peptide binding site. d. Has A ß2microglobulin that also has a transmembrane chain. e. B & C. 17) The max number of HLA genes Prof Weigel could receive from his parents, in the event that he is homozygous for the MHC I locus and heterozygous for his MHC II genes is: a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12 e. Pi 18) A mutation in the MHC locus will affect the ß2microglobulin gene. 19) When interacting with a TCR, the peptide loaded on the MHC will mainly interact with the region of the TCR, while the and regions will interact and recognize the MHC. a. CDR1; CDR2, CDR3 b. CDR3; CDR1, CDR2 c. CDR2; CDR1, CDR3 d. All CDR s interact with both peptide and MHC. 20) Which statement is/are TRUE regarding SCID? a. T cells are functional because with SCID, TCR recombination is not affected. b. T cells are not functional because with SCID, TCR recombination is affected. c. One of the RAG genes is affected, which does not influence the TCR recombination. d. B & C.. 21) Little Jimmy was taken to the doctor because of an upper respiratory infection that he does not seem to be able to clear (has a chronic respiratory infection). A differential blood cell count showed that Jimmy had a normal lymphocyte count, but a genetic mapping of his HLA genes showed that there were several mutations that affected his TAP proteins. Most likely Jimmy has: a. No opportunity to load peptides on an MHC I molecule. b. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. c. Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome. d. A & B. e. A & C 22) HLA-A: a. Will present antigen to a CD4 T cell. b. Will present antigen to a CD8 T cell. c. Is one MHC I isotype. Other isotypes include HAL B and HLA C. e. B & C 23) Arrange the development stages of the B cell in the correct order: a. Early pro Late pro Small pre Large pre Immature Mature. b. Mature Large pro Small pre Large pre Early pro Immature
c. Late pro Early pro Large pre Small pre Immature Mature d. Early pro Late pro Large pre Small pre Immature Mature. 24) A large pre B-cell is distinguished by: a. Pre-B-cell receptor which consists of a completely functional Heavy and Light chain with it s Igα and Igβ side chains. b. Pre-B-cell receptor which consists of a Heavy chain and a Surrogate Light chain with it s Igα and Igβ side chains. c. The surrogate light chain that tests whether the H chain will be able to bind to the L chain. e. B & C. 25) A mature B-cell will choose whether to produce IgM or IgD through: a. Somatic Recombination b. Somatic Hypermutation c. Junctional Diversity d. mrna Splicing 26) Pre-BCR is also known as the checkpoint, which is a signal that apoptosis. a. 1st; negative; allows b. 2nd; positive; prevents c. 1st; positive; prevents d. 2nd; negative; allows 27) A translocation of the MYC gene will: a. Give you superpowers. b. Cause Burkitt s lymphoma. c. Cause SCID. d. Cause Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome 28) Prenatal B1 cells have little diversity because: a. AID is not expressed in the prenatal period. b. TdT is not expressed in the prenatal period. c. The VDJ junctions are more diverse d. None of the above. 29) Plasma cells can differentiate directly from: a. Activated B cells b. Isotype switched B cells c. Hypermutated centrocytes d. Memory B cells e. All of the above. 30) Which of the following is NOT a signal that originates from a successful rearrangement of a β chain and the pre T cell receptor? a. Stimulates proliferation b. Stimulates expression of either CD4 or CD8 coreceptors. c. Stops any additional TCR β chain locus rearrangement. d. Signals to become permissive for α chain rearrangement. 31) Once the first chain of the β chain of the TCR is rearranged, and the cell has finished proliferating: a. The RAG genes are turned back on. b. Rearrangement of the α chain locus is induced.
c. There is a bigger chance that the rearranging thymocyte will become a γ: δ T cell than a d. α: β T cell. e. A & B f. All of the above. 32) The pre T cell receptor is composed of a. Fully formed TCR (with both α and β chains). b. β chain and a pretα. c. CD3 and ζ chains. e. B & C 33) Rearrangement of the α chain locus continues throughout the process of positive selection, and stops whenever the T cell is positively selected 34) A T regulatory cell: a. Is a type of CD4 T cell. b. Expresses CD25, which is the transcriptional repressor used by T Regulatory Cells, and is unique to these cells. c. Expresses FoxP3, which is the transcriptional repressor used by T Regulatory Cells, and is unique to these cells. d. A & B e. A & C 35) Positive selection tests whether the and regions of the TCR can bind to a/an. a. CDR 3; CDR 2; Self Antigen b. CDR 3; CDR 1; MHC c. CDR 1; CDR 2; MHC d. CDR 1; CDR 2; Self Antigen e. CDR 3; CDR 2; MHC. 36) When the T cell is screening the peptide:mhc complexes on an APC: a. The T cell s LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 or ICAM-2 on the APC. b. ICAM-3 on the dendritic cell binds on DC-SIGN on an activated t cell. c. SP1 receptors will be suppressed if the T cell is able to bind successfully to a peptide:mhc complex.. 37) Which of the following statement/statements regarding the costimulatory protein B7 is/are true? a. The B7 ligand, CTLA-4, has a twenty-fold binding strength less than CD28. b. B7 (on the surface of the T cell) binds to CD28 (on the surface of the P-APC), and is the signal that indicates whether the peptide loaded on the MHC II is exogenous. c. When CTLA-4 binds to B7, the T cell proliferation slows down. d. A & B e. All of the above 38) A T cell that recognizes a self-antigen will most likely: a. Activate and proliferate. b. Be rendered anergic because of the presence of B7 on the P-APC. c. Will not be rendered anergic because of the presence of B7 on the P-APC.. d.
39) All leukocytes are lymphocytes 40) IL-4 will induce differentiation to which type of T cell? a. Th1 b. Th2 c. Th17 d. Tfh e. Treg 41) The disease Lepromatous leprosy: a. Is a low infectivity disease that causes differentiation and a bias for Th1 cells. b. Is a high infectivity disease that causes differentiation and a bias for Th2 cells. c. Will have a higher concentration of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. e. B & C 42) The signal/signals that a macrophage needs to be activated from a T cell is/are? a. Primary signal: CD40 ligand/cd40 receptor Secondary: IFN-γ b. Primary signal: IFN-γ Secondary: CD40 ligand/cd40 receptor c. Primary signal: IFN-γ d. Primary signal: CD40 ligand/cd40 receptor 43) When an activated naïve B cell starts interacting with a TFH Cell: a. The T cell will release IL-5 and IL-6 in the medullary cord b. IgM is the most abundant antibody that is being secreted by the B lymphoblast. c. B cells will form a conjugate pair with a TFH, which will induce the expression of CD40 ligand, and in turn will activate NFKB in the B cell. d. All the above. 44) Which of the following statement/statements regarding a recently somatically hypermutated and isotype switched B cell is/are true? a. Will have to compete to interact with a TFH cell. b. Will die by apoptosis if the B cell is induced to produce the Bcl-xL signal c. Can turn into a plasma cell or a memory cell without signals from the TFH cell.. 45) When the infection just began (and we have an increasing amount of pathogens in our body), Tfh are expected to secrete more to induce B cells to differentiate into. a. IL-10, memory cells. b. IL-4, memory cells. c. IL-10, plasma cells. d. IL-4 plasma cells 46) Which of the following regulatory proteins are used to slowdown the activation of complement? a. Factor P b. DAF c. MCP d. B & C 47) Which of the following scenarios can be considered as a form of passive immunization?
a. IgA crossing the placenta to enter the fetuses blood stream. b. Somatically hypermutated and isotype switched IgG that are being released by a plasma cell in a secondary lymphoid tissue during an infection. c. Steve Irwin getting antivenom after being bit by a black cobra because he felt like petting the thing. d. None of the above. 48) Naïve lymphocytes can circulate through MALT, lymph-nodes, spleen, or any secondary lymphoid tissue because they follow a and gradient when entering the tissue through the HEV, but once a lymphocyte has been activated in a MALT lymphoid tissue it will follow a gradient, and will express the adhesion molecule. a. α1:ß7 ; CCL 25; CCL 19; CCL 21 b. CCL 19; CCL 21; α1:ß7; CCL 25 c. CCL 19; CCL 21; CCL 25; α1:ß7 d. None of the above. 49) When an individual has a helminth infection, which type of response is more effective? a. Th1 response secreting INF-γ b. Th2 response secreting IL-3 and IL-9. c. Both responses have the same effectiveness in clearing the helminth infection. 50) Which of the following molecules is responsible to transport IgG from the blood to endothelial spaces? a. Brambell receptor b. FcRB c. FcRn d. All the above..