Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), 492 ACT. See Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) ADHD. See Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Affective disorders music therapy and music medicine for, 538 Aggressive behaviors HUFAs and, 571 573 music therapy and music medicine for effectiveness research related to, 542 Agricultural developments unfortunate dietary consequences of, 560 562 Antisocial behavior in youth and adults, 621 624 Anxiety disorders management of music therapy and music medicine in effectiveness research related to, 544 545 NF in, 444 445, 450 451 relaxation therapy in studies with youth and family, 515 516 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) EEG power spectrum regulation in, 439 HUFA abnormalities in, 563 566 HUFA supplementation in youth with, 566 571 meta-analyses and reviews of, 570 571 management of broad-spectrum micronutrients in, 624 629 music therapy and music medicine in effectiveness research related to, 542 NF in, 470 474 in comorbidity with substance use disorders, 446 447 pharmacologic, 570 SYM in, 508 510 Tai Chi in studies with youth and family, 519 520 TM for studies with youth and family, 510 511 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) type symptoms HUFA supplementation in youth with, 566 571 Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am 23 (2014) 673 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1056-4993(14)00054-6 childpsych.theclinics.com 1056-4993/14/$ see front matter ª 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
674 Index Autism management of broad-spectrum micronutrients in, 636 movement therapy in studies with youth and family, 518 music therapy and music medicine in, 538 effectiveness research related to, 543 NF in, 474 477 Automatic self-transcending meditation, 496 498. See also Transcendental meditation (TM) B Behavior(s) violent/antisocial HUFAs and nutrient deficits in, 555 590. See also Nutrient deficits; Omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in youth and adults, 621 624 Biofeedback EMG relaxation therapy vs. studies with youth and family, 517 types of, 434 B M techniques. See Body mind (B M) techniques Body mind (B M) techniques, 500 503 evolution of, 500 exercise, 501 goals of, 500 501 movement or dance therapy, 501 physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 501 503 studies with youth and family, 517 519 Brain lipid substance of, 557 559 music and, 536 539 Brain damage intrauterine NF for, 448 450 Brain development in animals inadequate DHA effects on, 560 Broad-spectrum micronutrients in healthy populations, 637 643 cognition-related, 637 638 mood- and well-being related, 638 640 stress-related, 640 643 in mood disorders management, 620 645. See also specific types ADHD, 624 629 adverse effects of, 643 645 autism, 636 described, 620 621 OCD, 636 substance use disorders, 637
Index 675 C Calciferols in mood disorders management, 607 611 CBT. See Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) Childhood behaviors adverse HUFAs and nutrient deficits in, 555 590. See also Nutrient deficits; Omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) Chromium in mood disorders management, 613 Cobalamins in mood disorders management, 606 607 Cognition enhancement of broad-spectrum micronutrients in, 637 638 Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) mindfulness-based, 492 Concussion NF for, 448 450 Conduct disorder related behaviors HUFAs and, 571 573 D Dance therapy in B M techniques physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 502 studies in youth and family, 518 519 DBT. See Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) Deep-breathing meditation studies with youth and family, 517 Depression NF for, 443 444 HUFAs for, 573 574 relaxation therapy for studies with youth and family, 515 516 vitamin D levels and, 608 610 Development inadequate HUFA intake during pregnancy effects on, 562 Developmental age NF technique modifications for, 451 DHA. See Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), 492 Diet mental health and correlations between, 601 603 Diffuse spectral imaging (DSI) coregistration with qeeg, 437 438 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) brain effects of, 565 566
676 Index Docosahexaenoic (continued) inadequate brain development in animals effects of, 560 Down syndrome NF for children and adolescents with, 459 460 DSI. See Diffuse spectral imaging (DSI) Dyslexia omega-3/omega-6 relation to, 569 E Eating disorders music therapy and music medicine for, 538 539 effectiveness research related to, 545 yoga for studies with youth and family, 520 521 EEG power spectrum regulation of complex homeostatic systems in, 438 439 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) brain effects of, 565 566 Electroencephalogram (EEG) quantitative in NF, 427 464. See also Quantitative EEG (qeeg), in children and adolescents, NF and Electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback. See Neurofeedback (NF) EMG biofeedback relaxation therapy vs. studies with youth and family, 517 EPA. See Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Epilepsy NF for, 479 480 Essential nutrients, 557 deficiency of risk factors related to, 557 Exercise in B M techniques physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 501 502 studies with youth and family, 517 518 F FA. See Focused attention (FA) Fatty acids omega-3 highly unsaturated in adverse neurodevelopment and childhood behaviors. See also Omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), in adverse neurodevelopment and childhood behaviors Focused attention (FA), 490 495
Index 677 Focused attention (FA) mindfulness-based interventions, 491 495 ACT, 492 DBT, 492 goals of, 491 MBCT, 492 MBRP, 492 MBSR, 491 492 physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 493 495 RFT, 492 Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) NF, 429 G General emotional behavioral disorders music therapy and music medicine for effectiveness research related to, 542 543 H Head injury mild NF for, 448 450 HUFAs. See Omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) I Intellectual/learning disabilities music therapy and music medicine for effectiveness research related to, 543 544 Intrauterine brain damage NF for, 448 450 L Learning disorders NF for, 477 479 Linoleic acid excess effects on dietary balance of omega-3 and omega-6 HUFAs, 559 560 Lipid substance of brain, 557 559 LORETA. See Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA), 429, 430 M Magnesium in mood disorders management, 618 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mindfulness-based intervention effects on, 494 495 Massage therapy relaxation therapy vs. studies with youth and family, 516
678 Index M B techniques. See Mind body (M B) techniques MBCT. See Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) MBRP. See Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) MBSR. See Mindfulness-based stress release (MBSR) MED-RELAX techniques. See Meditation-relaxation (MED-RELAX) techniques Meditation. See also specific techniques in clinical practice, 487 534 evolution from Buddhist traditions to modern Western techniques, 490 491 introduction, 489 491 studies with youth and family, 503 508 transcendental, 496 498. See also Transcendental meditation (TM) Meditation-relaxation (MED-RELAX) techniques, 499 500 physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 500 studies with youth and family, 514 517 PTSD MED-RELAX techniques vs. narrative exposure therapy, 514 515 Mental health diet and correlations between, 601 603 Micronutrient(s) deficiencies of in general population, 597 599 functions of in biology, 592 596 mechanisms of leading to disease and dysfunction, 596 597 in mood disorders management, 591 672. See also Single micronutrients; specific types and Broad-spectrum micronutrients need for full and balanced range of for optimal functioning, 597 603 Mild head injury NF for, 448 450 Mind body (M B) techniques, 498 500 goals of, 499 Mindfulness. See also specific techniques in clinical practice, 487 534 evolution from Buddhist traditions to modern Western techniques, 490 491 introduction, 489 491 studies with youth and family, 503 508 MBCT, 505 506 MBSR, 504 505 mindfulness-based clinical studies, 504 Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), 492 clinical studies of, 505 506 Mindfulness-based interventions. See also specific types pathologic states changed by, 494 495 Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP), 492 Mindfulness-based stress release (MBSR) clinical studies of, 504 505 techniques and approaches, 491 492 Mindfulness-based stress release (MBSR)/MBCT clinical studies of, 506 508
Mineral(s) in health and disease, 592 603 Mood enhancement of broad-spectrum micronutrients in, 638 640 Mood disorders management of, 591 672 broad-spectrum micronutrients in, 620 645. See also Broad-spectrum micronutrients music therapy and music medicine in effectiveness research related to, 544 545 single micronutrients in, 603 620. See also specific types and Single micronutrients Movement or dance therapy in B M techniques physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 502 studies with youth and family, 518 519 Music brain and, 536 539 Music medicine for children and adolescents, 535 553 effectiveness research related to, 541 545 ADHD, 542 aggressive behaviors, 542 anxiety disorders, 544 545 autism, 543 disorders typically diagnosed in childhood, 541 542 eating disorders, 545 general emotional behavioral disorders, 542 543 intellectual/learning disabilities, 543 544 mood disorders, 544 545 substance use disorders, 544 mechanism of therapeutic action of, 536 539 defined, 535 536 introduction, 535 536 Music therapy for children and adolescents, 535 553 effectiveness research related to, 541 545 ADHD, 542 aggressive behaviors, 542 anxiety disorders, 544 545 autism, 543 disorders typically diagnosed in childhood, 541 542 eating disorders, 545 general emotional behavioral disorders, 542 543 intellectual/learning disabilities, 543 544 mood disorders, 544 545 substance use disorders, 544 mechanism of therapeutic action of, 536 539 mental health overview of, 539 541 defined, 535 536 introduction, 535 536 Index 679
680 Index Music (continued ) yoga and studies with youth and family, 518 519 N Narrative exposure therapy MED-RELAX techniques vs. studies with youth and family, 514 515 Neurodevelopment adverse HUFAs and nutrient deficits in, 555 590. See also Nutrient deficits; Omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) Neurofeedback (NF). See also Quantitative EEG (qeeg),, NF and abbreviations related to, 428 action potentials changed by, 431 434 basics of, 430 431, 427 464 for ADHD, 470 474 for anxiety disorders, 444 445 for autism, 474 477 clinical recommendations, 481 483 for concussion, 448 450 controversies related to, 451 454 for depression, 443 444 described, 442 443 developmental age effects on, 451 for Down syndrome, 459 460 for epilepsy, 479 480 for intrauterine brain damage, 448 450 for learning disorders, 477 479 for mild head injury, 448 450 qeeg NF, 465 486 in reducing performance anxiety, 450 451 risks associated with, 481 safety issues in, 481 for substance use disorders, 445 446 with ADHD, 446 447 for TBI, 448 450 defined, 467 468 described, 467 468 fmri, 429 introduction, 429 430 LORETA, 429, 430 qeeg, 465 486 qeeg s role in, 434 435 validation of neuroimaging and other techniques in, 435 437 real-time Z score, 429 surface
Index 681 for PTSD, 447 448 types of, 468 Neurofeedback (NF) research controls for, 469 470 treatment outcomes in, 470 Neurotherapy. See Neurofeedback (NF) NF. See Neurofeedback (NF) Nutrient(s) essential, 557 deficiency of risk factors related to, 557 Nutrient deficits in adverse neurodevelopment and childhood behaviors, 555 590 in general population, 599 601 risk factors related to, 557 O Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) management of broad-spectrum micronutrients in, 636 OCD. See Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) OM. See Open monitoring (OM) Omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) abnormalities of in ADHD, 563 566 in adverse neurodevelopment and childhood behaviors, 555 590 ADHD, 570 meta-analyses and reviews of, 570 571 aggressive or conduct disorder related behaviors, 571 573 clinical recommendations, 575 introduction, 556 557 psychosis prevention in high-risk youth, 574 575 suicide, 574 inadequate intake during pregnancy impact on human development, 562 omega-6 HUFAs and dietary balance of excess linoleic acid and, 559 560 supplementation of adverse effects of, 577 578 cautionary findings related to, 575 577 in healthy children, 563 safety issues related to, 577 578 in youth and adults with depression, 573 574 in youth with ADHD or ADHD-type symptoms, 566 571 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in school children, 568 570 young adult prisoners and, 572 573 Open monitoring (OM), 490, 495 496 goals of, 495
682 Index Open (continued ) physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 496 techniques and approaches, 495 496 P Performance anxiety reducing NF in, 450 451 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) surface NF for, 447 448 MED-RELAX techniques vs. narrative exposure therapy for studies with youth and family, 514 515 Posture, breathing, attention, and visualization, 517 Pregnancy inadequate HUFA intake during impact on human development, 562 Prisoners young adult HUFAs and, 572 573 Progressive muscle relaxation studies with youth and family, 515 517 Psychosis(es) in high-risk youth prevention of HUFAs and, 574 575 PTSD. See Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Pyridoxine in mood disorders management, 611 613 Q qeeg NF. See Quantitative EEG neurofeedback (qeeg NF) Qi Gong physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 502 studies with youth and family, 519 Quantitative EEG (qeeg) abbreviations related to, 428 NF and, 427 464. See also Neurofeedback (NF), coregistration with DSI and other neuroimaging methods, 437 438 introduction, 429 430 for psychiatric conditions, 438 448. See also specific conditions from categorical disorders to transdiagnostic symptoms, 439 442 EEG power spectrum s role, 438 439 neuromodulators role, 438 psychiatry as related to circuitry, 439 442 role of, 434 435 validation of neuroimaging and other techniques in, 435 437 Quantitative EEG neurofeedback (qeeg NF), 465 486. See also Neurofeedback (NF)
Index 683 R Real-time Z score NF, 429 Regions of interest (ROIs), 437 Relation frame theory (RFT), 492 Relaxation therapy in child and adolescent clinic, 516 517 EMG biofeedback vs. studies with youth and family, 517 massage therapy vs. studies with youth and family, 516 studies with youth and family, 515 517 for depression and anxiety, 515 516 RFT. See Relation frame theory (RFT) ROIs. See Regions of interest (ROIs) S Sahaja Yoga meditation (SYM) for ADHD, 508 510 Selenium in mood disorders management, 618 Single micronutrients in mood disorders management, 603 621. See also specific types calciferols (vitamin D), 607 611 chromium, 613 cobalamins (vitamin B12), 606 607 described, 603 604 folic acid (vitamin B9), 604 606 interventions studies of, 619 620 magnesium, 618 pyridoxine (vitamin B6), 611 613 selenium, 618 thiamine, 617 618 zinc, 613, 617 Stress release broad-spectrum micronutrients in, 640 643 mindfulness-based clinical studies of, 504 505 techniques and approaches, 491 492 mindfulness-based/mbct clinical studies, 506 508 Substance use disorders management of broad-spectrum micronutrients in, 637 music therapy and music medicine in effectiveness research related to, 544 NF in, 445 446 in context of comorbid ADHD, 446 447 Suicide HUFAs and, 574 SYM. See Sahaja Yoga meditation (SYM)
684 Index T Tai Chi physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 502 studies with youth and family, 519 520 for ADHD, 519 520 in middle school setting, 520 TBI. See Traumatic brain injury (TBI) Thiamine in mood disorders management, 617 618 TM. See Transcendental meditation (TM) Transcendental meditation (TM), 496 498 goals of, 497 physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 497 498 studies with youth and family, 510 514 for ADHD, 510 511 in high school setting, 511 514 techniques and approaches, 497 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) NF for, 448 450 V Violent behavior in youth and adults, 621 624 Vipassana meditation physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 493 494 Vitamin(s) B6 in mood disorders management, 611 613 B9 in mood disorders management, 604 606 B12 in mood disorders management, 606 607 D depression related to, 608 610 in mood disorders management, 607 611 in health and disease, 592 603 W Well-being enhancement of broad-spectrum micronutrients in, 638 640 Y Yoga physiologic and neurobiological effects of, 503 studies with youth and family, 520 522 for eating disorders, 520 521
Index 685 for high school students, 521 522 music therapy with, 518 519 Young adult prisoners HUFAs and, 572 573 Z Zinc in mood disorders management, 613, 617