Post-test of the advertising campaign Help

Post-test of the advertising campaign Help Results Contact : Patrick KLEIN Tél : 01 41 98 97 20 Port : 06 09 64 33 e-mail : patrick.klein@ipsos.com December 2005

Contents Methodology 3 Recall and Liking of the Campaign 7 Understanding 15 Image 20 Impact 25 Attribution 30 Tables per country 33 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 2

Methodology Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 3

Methodology 25112 telephone * interviews in 25 countries In each country, 1000 interviews representative of national population aged 15 and over Samples per region North South East West Denmark 1000 Cyprus 1000 Czech republic 1006 Austria 1004 Finland 1001 Greece 1000 Estonia 1000 Belgium 1000 Sweden 1007 Italy 992 Hungary 1015 France 1013 Total 3008 Malta 1000 Latvia 1000 Germany 1001 Portugal 1001 Lithuania 1022 Ireland 1000 Spain 1005 Poland 1001 Luxembourg 1003 Total 5998 Slovakia 1000 Netherlands 1038 Slovenia 1002 UK 1001 Total 46 Total * Exc ept in Portugal and Lithuania where one-to-one interviews were c onduc ted Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 4

Methodology Results were weighted for each country, based on their local sociodemographic data (gender and age). Overall European results were weighted through the demographic weight of each country. Weights per region and per country in Europe North % Denmark 1.18 Finland 1.14 Sweden 1.97 Total 4.29 South % Cyprus 0.20 Greece 2.41 Italy 12.51 Malta 0.09 Portugal 2.28 East % Czech Republic 2.23 Estonia 0.31 Hungary 2.21 Latvia 0.5 Lithuania 0. West % Austria 1. Belgium 2.28 France 13.50 Germany 18.07 Ireland 0. Spain 9.04 Poland 8.44 Luxembourg 0.11 Total 26.51 Slovakia 1.18 Netherlands 3. Slovenia 0.44 UK 12.95 Total.08 Total 53.12 Source : INED- Eurostat 1 er janvier 2004 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 5

Samples profiles Vertical % Whole Europe North South East West Gender Male 47 47 48 47 46 Female 53 53 52 53 Age Less than 25 years old 12 19 13 25-34 18 14 35-44 19 20 19 21 45-7 18 55-64 15 19 13 15 15 years old and over 19 Smoking status Heavy smoker* 14 13 15 14 14 Light smoker* 10 10 9 10 10 SUB-TOTAL SMOKERS 23 SUB-TOTAL Young smoker 21 28 Former smoker 18 21 21 Non-smoker 56 55 * Heavy smoker : more than 20 cigarets per day *Light smoker :less than 20 cigarets per day (1 cigar/1cigar=4 cigarets) Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 6

Recall & Liking of the campaign Prevention Cessation Passive smoking Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 7

Recall Total sample Spontaneous recall of one or more information campaigns about smoking on TV Awareness of advertisements Yes One Several Whole Europe 40% 19% 21% North 38% 20% 18% South 39% 20% 19% East 37% 19% 18% West 42% 18% % Saw at least one advert 29% 19% 27% 37% 28% Prevention % 10% % % 15% Cessation 11% 8% 12% 15% 10% Passive smoking % 11% 15% 21% % Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 8

Recall Less than 25 Whole Europe North South Spontaneous recall of one or more information campaigns about smoking on TV East West Yes 43% 43% 45% 39% 44% Awareness of advertisements Saw at least one advert 48% 38% 42% % 47% Prevention 30% 22% 30% 35% 28% Cessation 25% % 21% 28% % Passive smoking 29% 23% 25% 38% 26% Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 9

Recall Smokers Whole Europe North South Spontaneous recall of one or more information campaigns about smoking on TV East West Yes 50% 53% 51% 46% 50% Awareness of advertisements Saw at least one advert 34% 23% 33% 37% 34% Prevention 20% 12% 20% 23% 19% Cessation 14% 10% 15% % 13% Passive smoking 20% 12% 20% 20% 20% Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 10

Awareness of advertisements %Saw at least one advert Total Sample Smokers Less than 25 y.o. West North 19 23 38 Europe 28 34 47 29 34 48 South East 37 37 27 33 42 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 11

Liking Total population Whole Europe North South East West Base : Saw at least one advert 11 3 15 2955 2136 Generally speaking, did you like this campaign? Yes % % % % % Yes, definitely 35% 30% 33% 36% 35% Yes, quite a lot 41% 35% 48% 42% 38% Among people who saw the advert Prevention % % % % % Cessation % % % % % Passive smoking % % % % % Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 12

Liking Smokers and young people Whole Europe North South East West Base : Saw at least one advert 11 3 15 2955 2136 Generally speaking, did you like this campaign? Yes % % % % % Smokers % 66% % % % Young people % % % % % Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 13

Liking %Like the campaign Total Sample Smokers Less than 25 y.o. North 66 West Europe East South Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 14

Understanding Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 15

Understanding (1) To what extent do you agree or disagree that these advertisements are trying to get the following messages over or not. This advert is trying to say It is hard to stop smoking 31 49 51 39 Agree somewhat Strongly agree 19 23 53 It is ridiculous to smoke to be like others 19 15 18 61 61 64 There is help available to stop smoking There is a telephone number and/or a website that one may contact about smoking Base : saw at least one advert 26 21 35 23 23 48 55 37 49 53 66 64 61 23 26 20 43 48 32 41 49 11 3 15 2955 2136 Whole Europe North South East West Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005

Understanding (2) To what extent do you agree or disagree that these advertisements are trying to get the following messages over or not. This advert is trying to say Total sample Smokers Less than 25 y.o. % Agree It is hard to stop smoking It is ridiculous to smoke to be like others There is help available to stop smoking 66 66 There is a telephone number and/or a website that one may contact about smoking Base : saw at least one advert 66 66 64 61 57 151 295 213 11 2010 1957 3 1 140 420 3 7 949 645 4 7 5 6 Whole Europe North South East West Same results whatever the advert(s) seen Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005

Understanding (3) To what extent do you agree or disagree that these advertisements are trying to get the following messages over or not. This advert is trying to say Smoking is absurd Agree somewhat Strongly agree 20 27 20 52 55 53 Smokers and non smokers need to respect each other 20 18 25 21 18 57 52 59 57 56 You should not start smoking 20 14 20 61 59 61 Smoking harms the health of others around you 18 15 11 64 66 Base : saw at least one advert 11 3 15 2955 2136 Whole Europe North South East West Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 18

Understanding (4) To what extent do you agree or disagree that these advertisements are trying to get the following messages over or not. This advert is trying to say Total sample Smokers Less than 25 y.o. % Agree Smoking is absurd 64 Smokers and non smokers need to respect each other You should not start smoking Smoking harms the health of others around you Base : saw at least one advert 11 2010 1957 3 1 151 295 213 140 420 3 7 949 645 7 5 6 4 Whole Europe North South East West Same results whatever the advert(s) seen Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 19

Image Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 20

Image (1) Would you say that this campaign Yes, quite a lot Yes, definitely Delivers a worthwhile message Is easy to understand 31 40 30 27 49 53 56 30 22 39 25 28 56 55 45 61 59 Talks about smoking in a new way Uses humour to convey the message Base : saw at least one advert 32 29 42 27 28 39 38 33 38 42 33 28 42 29 30 44 50 35 51 45 11 3 15 2955 2136 Whole Europe North South East West Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 21

Image (2) Would you say that this campaign Total sample Smokers Less than 25 y.o. % Yes Delivers a worthwhile message Is easy to understand 93 92 91 Talks about smoking in a new way 66 66 Uses humour to convey the message Base : saw at least one advert 11 2010 1957 3 1 151 295 213 140 420 3 7 949 645 7 5 6 4 Whole Europe North South East West Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 22

Image (3) Would you say that this campaign Yes, quite a lot Yes, definitely Is interesting Is an incentive to look for information or help Is meant for people like you Is in people s best interest 36 45 32 34 28 39 26 36 45 38 64 66 33 29 38 30 32 30 25 26 36 30 50 37 53 49 49 22 18 28 20 20 28 19 25 29 29 31 25 40 25 29 57 59 46 Is more memorable because of the paper whistle 30 22 40 39 43 36 26 55 61 26 35 Base : saw at least one advert 11 3 15 2955 2136 Whole Europe North South East West Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 23

Image (4) Would you say that this campaign Total sample Smokers Less than 25 y.o. % Yes Is interesting 61 Is an incentive to look for information or help 59 53 64 64 59 66 57 Is meant for people like you 50 59 53 59 66 42 49 49 59 37 Is in people s best interest 91 91 Is more memorable because of the paper whistle 59 61 Base : saw at least one advert 11 2010 1957 3 1 151 295 213 140 420 3 7 949 645 7 5 6 4 Whole Europe North South East West Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005

Impact Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 25

Impact among smokers (1) Would you say that the advert(s) made you Yes, quite a lot Yes, definitely Think about your smoking Think that smoking is absurd Think about the value of help in quitting smoking 61 55 25 21 31 23 23 36 34 29 37 39 51 59 28 19 35 19 27 34 32 34 40 33 53 43 47 53 56 25 20 25 27 25 28 23 22 26 31 Want to stop smoking Think about the behaviour of smokers in the presence of nonsmokers Base : smokers who saw at least one advert 34 36 34 45 18 14 20 23 22 19 14 64 61 28 28 35 20 27 36 26 32 41 36 2010 1 420 645 2136 Whole Europe North South East West 30 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 26

Impact among smokers (2) Would you say that the advert(s) made you Total Smokers Smokers - Less than 25 y.o. % Yes Think about your smoking 61 55 48 Think that smoking is absurd 61 51 59 46 Think about the value of help in quitting smoking 53 49 43 47 44 53 56 40 56 Want to stop smoking 34 34 45 25 36 27 33 30 19 Think about the behaviour of smokers in the presence of non-smokers Base : smokers who saw at least one advert 64 66 61 53 64 2010 452 1 29* 420 7 1 645 150 *Base is too law to give results Whole Europe North South East West Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 27

Impact among non / former smokers (1) Would you say that the advert(s) made you Yes, quite a lot Yes, definitely Gave you a better understanding of the difficulty smokers have quitting Could encourage smokers to show more respect for non-smokers Made you want to look for information for yourself or those around you 48 53 59 27 25 27 30 27 31 21 23 38 32 64 64 61 32 32 37 27 30 32 32 33 35 31 27 27 31 26 12 15 13 11 18 9 15 13 13 Could prevent people from starting smoking Base : non-smokers or former smokers who saw at least one advert 53 50 56 51 30 32 33 29 30 23 18 21 27 21 51 437 1093 21 14 Whole Europe North South East West Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 28

Impact among non / former smokers (2) Would you say that the advert(s) made you Total Non/Former Smokers Non/Former Smokers - Less than 25 y.o. % Yes Gave you a better understanding of the difficulty smokers have quitting 53 48 59 51 59 Could encourage smokers to show more respect for non-smokers Made you want to look for information for yourself or those around you 64 61 61 27 27 29 27 31 32 26 25 Could prevent people from starting smoking 53 50 52 56 61 51 Base : Non/Former smokers who saw at least one advert 51 1499 437 111 1093 302 21 6 14 330 Whole Europe North South East West Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 29

Attribution Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 30

Attribution In your opinion, who was behind this campaign? Health Charity North Government European Union West 55 Pharmaceutical Company Tobacco industry 50 53 15 18 13 7 Europe 19 9 7 47 42 19 8 6 South 50 East 44 35 8 7 5 3 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 31

Key learnings Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 32

Key learnings Good level of recall of the campaign, particularly among the core targets (youth) Overall, 48% of the population aged less than 25 remember seeing the campaign Although, due to the low level of pressure and repetition in the media plan, a large part of the population saw only one advert For 2006, one unique wave of campaign with more pression applied and repetition would probably be more impactful Highly appreciated campaign in all countries and targets % of young Europeans (less than 25) liked the campaign. (% of Europeans liked the campaign, and 35% definitely liked the campaign) Higher performance of the campaign in the South, East, West, than in the North Good understanding of the messages and the communication approach (humour, paperwhistle, absurdity ) % thought the advert was trying to say that it is ridiculous to smoke Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 33

Tables per country Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 34

Recall and liking per country Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 35

Recall and Liking Total sample «15 and over» Remember a campaign Remember Prevention Remember Cessation Remember Passive smoking Remember at least 1 advert Like the campaign (sub-total yes) Austria 27 8 14 26 Belgium 22 15 9 13 Cyprus 19 11 7 8 18 Czek republic 28 21 10 18 34 Denmark 48 12 8 13 22 Estonia 22 19 18 22 34 Finland 36 11 10 11 22 France 56 21 12 19 36 Germany 11 7 10 19 Greece 19 11 8 12 21 Hungary 38 27 18 22 42 66 Ireland 55 12 22 29 Italy 34 10 13 25 Latv ia 35 19 26 40 Lithuania 39 21 20 23 32 66 Luxembourg 27 15 9 12 Malta 31 18 13 30 Netherlands 20 11 8 10 20 Poland 40 23 14 20 35 Portugal 37 11 26 Slov akia 42 29 21 28 44 91 Slov enia 25 13 34 Spain 53 20 15 19 32 Sw eden 32 9 6 9 56 UK 11 25 34 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 36

Recall and Liking Smokers Remember a campaign Remember Prevention Remember Cessation Remember Passive smoking Remember at least 1 advert Like the campaign (subtotal yes) Austria 37 20 11 31 Belgium 33 20 34 Cyprus 12 7 9 19 Czek republic 41 20 20 36 Denmark 61 14 10 Estonia 34 27 19 29 42 Finland 47 11 13 11 26 France 25 14 21 39 Germany 20 14 11 13 27 Greece 23 11 10 11 23 Hungary 46 26 18 22 43 Ireland 18 28 37 Italy 21 19 34 Latv ia 42 25 18 29 42 Lithuania 45 21 35 Luxembourg 37 22 10 12 29 Malta 36 19 14 30 Netherlands 32 13 10 13 Poland 48 22 14 34 Portugal 47 21 35 Slov akia 49 31 22 33 46 92 Slov enia 34 28 18 38 Spain 55 23 25 36 Sw eden 49 11 7 9 18 57 UK 20 13 31 43 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 37

Recall and liking Less than 25 years old Remember a campaign Remember Prevention Remember Cessation Remember Remember at Passive smoking least 1 advert Like the campaign (subtotal yes) Austria Belgium Cyprus Czek republic Denmark Estonia Finland Franc e Germany Greec e Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden UK 35 20 27 57 27 40 15 20 41 38 44 48 26 25 39 42 52 36 39 34 25 13 34 22 36 26 40 13 38 34 46 42 28 26 27 32 31 49 39 29 19 32 22 10 25 20 40 20 31 19 39 20 41 44 21 21 36 26 23 14 29 31 27 14 34 30 40 36 15 18 43 40 26 43 53 26 20 22 36 33 51 25 20 35 49 43 23 57 43 59 44 32 31 44 44 44 39 44 50 53 42 31 56 91 64 95 93 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 38

Image Total sample Sub-total Yes Is easy to understand Is in people's best interest Deliv ers a w orthw hile message Uses humour to conv ey the message Talks about smoking in a new w ay Is more memorable because of paper w histle Is interesting Is meant for people like you Is an incentiv e to look for information or help Austria Belgium Cyprus Czek republic Denmark Estonia Finland Franc e Germany Greec e Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden UK 95 92 91 94 92 93 95 95 99 93 94 92 94 46 92 91 96 94 93 93 92 91 93 92 59 57 66 48 57 61 61 47 92 46 49 45 43 40 34 37 50 49 36 42 48 29 38 48 39 49 45 51 56 35 50 48 57 52 33 57 45 53 38 59 50 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 39

Image Smokers Sub-total Yes Deliv ers a w orthw hile message Is easy to understand Talks about smoking in a new w ay Uses humour to conv ey the message Is interesting Is an incentiv e to look for information or help Is meant for people like you Is in people's best interest Is more memorable because of paper w histle Austria 91 36 53 Belgium 49 97 Cyprus 91 98 Czek republic 61 51 Denmark 49 61 56 Estonia 28 51 Finland 92 59 64 95 Franc e 94 53 44 Germany Greec e 66 66 Hungary 91 66 91 66 Ireland 91 96 Italy 45 Latvia 49 37 42 44 61 Lithuania 44 53 56 Luxembourg 52 52 51 Malta 66 Netherlands 94 46 28 59 Poland 92 Portugal 100 91 97 Slovakia 94 93 95 Slovenia 64 95 Spain 96 59 Sweden 53 47 47 43 UK 92 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 40

Image Less than 25 years old Sub-total Yes Deliv ers a w orthw hile message Is easy to understand Talks about smoking in a new w ay Uses humour to conv ey the message Is interesting Is an incentiv e to look for information or help Is meant for people like you Is in people's best interest Is more memorable because of paper w histle Austria Belgium Cyprus Czek republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latv ia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slov akia Slov enia Spain Sw eden UK 96 91 94 93 93 93 96 92 95 98 95 92 91 94 92 93 95 95 99 66 59 52 64 43 66 93 93 66 57 92 91 50 46 51 61 48 61 59 43 50 59 46 55 43 59 36 55 41 37 44 64 48 56 53 57 40 55 95 96 92 96 91 56 95 92 98 94 98 98 57 91 91 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 41

Understanding per country Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 42

Understanding Total sample Sub-total Agree It is hard to stop smoking It is ridiculous to smoke to be like others There is help av ailable to stop smoking There is telw ebsite that one may contact about smoking Smoking is absurd Smokers and non-smokers need to respect each other You should not start smoking Smoking harms the health of others around you Austria Belgium Cyprus Czek republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latv ia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slov akia Slov enia Spain Sw eden UK 59 64 66 61 59 94 49 57 40 39 50 66 48 57 91 66 59 61 48 56 100 64 93 93 96 92 91 91 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 43

Understanding Smokers Sub-total Agree Austria Belgium Cyprus Czek republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latv ia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slov akia Slov enia Spain Sw eden UK It is hard to stop smoking 55 61 66 It is ridiculous to smoke to be like others 64 There is help av ailable to stop smoking 56 56 95 There is telw ebsite that one may contact about smoking 64 43 45 39 49 40 61 59 97 Smoking is absurd 55 48 66 61 53 47 Smokers and nonsmokers need to respect each other 45 91 100 92 You should not start smoking 64 66 92 Smoking harms the health of others around you 93 93 91 99 91 95 92 91 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 44

Understanding Less than 25 years old Sub-total Agree Austria Belgium Cyprus Czek republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latv ia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slov akia Slov enia Spain Sw eden UK It is hard to stop smoking 59 66 It is ridiculous to smoke to be like others 94 97 95 There is help av ailable to stop smoking 52 64 66 96 There is telw ebsite that one may contact about smoking 53 61 59 64 52 35 59 52 66 96 Smoking is absurd 61 93 Smokers and nonsmokers need to respect each other 46 43 92 100 You should not start smoking 64 Smoking harms the health of others around you 92 96 96 95 96 94 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 45

Impact per country Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 46

Impact among Smokers Sub-total Yes Think about your smoking Think that smoking is absurd Think about v alue of help in quiting smoking Want to stop smoking Think about the behav iour of smokers in the presence of nonsmokers Austria 45 49 40 18 44 Belgium 48 33 Cyprus 46 Czek republic 50 9 Denmark 64 51 39 44 56 Estonia 42 43 29 27 Finland 56 38 59 France 59 18 59 Germany 55 51 29 64 Greece 57 29 Hungary 53 37 51 64 Ireland 64 56 55 33 Italy 33 32 64 Latv ia 42 42 22 Lithuania 56 57 44 37 57 Luxembourg 52 32 Malta 64 66 Netherlands 30 31 21 13 44 Poland 55 Portugal 45 Slov akia 52 47 49 34 46 Slov enia 52 44 Spain 50 56 34 66 Sw eden 40 40 37 20 47 UK 66 44 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 47

Impact among Non-Smokers Sub-total Yes Gav e you a better understanding of the difficulty smokers hav e quitting Could encourage smokers to show more respect for nonsmokers Made you w ant to look for information for yourself or those around you Could prev ent people from starting smoking Austria 56 53 21 48 Belgium 57 29 Cyprus 34 55 Czek republic 57 56 50 Denmark 40 57 Estonia 50 56 46 Finland 27 France 52 59 13 45 Germany 57 32 52 Greece 33 64 Hungary 55 25 36 39 Ireland 26 57 Italy 49 23 53 Latv ia 21 48 Lithuania 61 31 64 Luxembourg 50 23 41 Malta 43 59 Netherlands 56 44 22 47 Poland 27 Portugal 64 61 Slov akia 61 50 61 Slov enia 48 42 Spain 25 53 Sw eden 43 26 41 UK 61 39 Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 48

Attribution to the European Union per country Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 49

Post-test of the advertising european campaign Help December 2005 50 Attribution 3 9 7 14 22 14 8 9 6 6 3 13 8 10 5 2 9 13 8 5 10 14 3 DK 5 11 20 21 Denmark 2 3 26 3 Estonia 4 27 40 12 Finland 3 3 13 25 France 8 4 21 23 Germany 9 35 43 20 Greece 6 3 18 53 11 Hungary 4 3 15 30 57 Ireland 3 3 14 36 46 Italy 5 9 30 9 Latv ia 8 8 64 13 Lithuania 8 6 36 37 50 Luxembourg 6 6 21 18 Malta 4 4 11 29 Netherlands 8 9 20 43 22 Poland 6 8 26 46 Portugal 6 6 42 46 12 Slov akia 8 31 27 Slov enia 2 4 15 32 53 Spain 10 12 9 52 12 Sw eden 12 22 25 UK 6 5 35 59 13 Czek republic 8 6 39 36 34 Cyprus 5 3 28 44 Belgium 3 7 28 40 Austria Tobacco industry Pharmaceutical company European Union Health charity Gov ernment

This report was produced by a contractor for Health & Consumer Protection Directorate General and represents the views of the contractor or author. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the Commission and do not necessarily represent the view of the Commission or the Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof.