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...Rosmarinus officinalis $% & '( ),* Studying the Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Dried Leaves of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on the Growth and Aflatoxin B1 production of Aspergillus flavus M. Abdullatif (1) ABSTRACT The study, investigated the effect of Ethanolic extract of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on growth of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production. The inhibitory percentage of growth of A.F. was 11.77, 31.83, 47.78, 61.35, 83.5% at the extract concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 respectively. Since, the inhibitory percentage of aflatoxin B1 production was: 17.66, 31.53, 51.94, 73.92, 92.22 respectively. The results suggest that Ethanolic extract of Rosemary may successfully replace chemical fungicides and provide an alternative method to protect the agricultural commodities from aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus Key words: Rosemary, Ethanolic extract, Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin B1. (1) Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, Tishreen University, Syria. 122

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134121 : 1 (25) (2009) REFERENCES J. & ' D"* 4(& (*.(1989).D"* 3*.+& 4 4: ' & &.(2003).,* -. 4 &.(1987).* Alonso, Jorge. (2004). Tratado de Fitofármacos y Nutracéuticos. Barcelona: Corpus, p:927-30 Abarca, M. L.; Brgulat, M. R.; Burguera, M. T.; Cabanes, F. J. (1988). Comparison of some screening methods for aflatoxigenic moulds, Mycopathologia, 104, 75-79 Aruoma, O. I., Halliwell, B., Aeschbach, R., & Lo liger, J. (1992). Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents:carnosol and carnosic acid. Xenobiotica, 22(2), 257 268 Basaga, H., Tekkaya, C., & Acitel, F. (1997). Antioxidative and free radical scavenging properties of rosemary extract. Lebensmittel Wissenschaft und Technologie, 30(1), 105 108 Bown. D. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses, Dorling Kindersley, London. Brickell. C. (1990). The RHS Gardener's Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers, Dorling Kindersley Publishers Campo, J., Amiot, M., Nguyen, C. (2001). The antimicrobial effect of rosemary extracts. Journal of Food Protection; 63:1359-1368 De Castro1, M.F.P.M.; Bragagnolo, N.; de Toledo Valentini1, S.R. (2002). The relationship between fungi growth and aflatoxin production with ergosterol content of corn grains, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 33:22-26 Duke. J. A.; yensu. E. S. (1985). Medicinal Plants of China, Reference Publications, Inc. Eaton, D. L.; Gallagher, E.. (1994). Mechanism of aflatoxin carcinogenesis, Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 34, 135 172 Hasan, H. A. (1993). Fungicide inhibition of aflatoxins, diacetoxyscirpenol and zearalenone production, Folia Microbiol, 38(4):295-8 Hitokoto, H.; Morozumi, S.; Wauke, T.; Sakai, S.; Kurata, H. (1977). Mycotoxin production of fungi on commercial foods, Mycotoxins, Pathotox Publishers, Inc., Chicago, USA Holtom. J. and Hylton. W. (1979). Complete Guide to Herbs, Rodale Press. IUPAC AOAC, 968.22, (1990) AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. Merck Index. (2000). CD-ROM Windows, Version 12.3 (CD-ROM), Chapman & Hall/CRC. 133

...Rosmarinus officinalis $% & '( ),* Paranagama P.A, Abeysekera K.H, Abeywickrama K, Nugaliyadde L.(2003). Fungicidal and anti-aflatoxigenic effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (lemongrass) against Aspergillus flavus Link. isolated from stored rice, Lett Appl Microbiol. 2003;37(1):86-90 Polunin. O.; Huxley. A. (1987). Flowers of the Mediterranean, Hogarth Press Seitz, L.M.; Mohr, H. E.; Burroughs, R.; Sauer, B. (1977). Ergosterol as an indicator of fungal invasion in grains. Cereal Chem., 54: 1207-1217 Tsai, P. J. Tsai, T. H., Ho, S. H. (2006) In vitro inhibitory effects of rosemary extracts on growth and glucosyltransferase activity of Streptococcus sobrinus, Food Chemistry Received 2007 /07/ 08? C Accepted for Publ. 2008/02/ 25? 1 134