Melanoma Walt Mudie - Block 5
Melanoma Graphic Warning Medical names: cutaneous melanoma (melanoma of skin), intraocular melanoma (melanoma of eye) Affects mainly skin, can also affect eye, vagina or anus (any pigmented area) ABCDE rule to detect symptoms (asymmetry, border, colour, diameter, evolving) Every 100,000 adults results in 22 cases of melanoma, 3 of those 22 die
Melanoma is only in epidermis (outer layer of skin) Very unlikely to spread 10 years later: 99-100% of people survived Stage O Melanoma
Stage Ia & Ib Still extremely thin Slightly deeper in the epidermis Probably won t spread to other parts of body/deeper skin Separated into A & B based on thickness/whether or not there s ulceration (packed up dead tissue) 10 years later: 95% survive in stage Ia, 86% in stage Ib
Stage IIa, IIb, IIc Extended into dermis (inner layer of skin) Noticeably thicker 3 subgroups: A, B, C depending on thickness & presence of ulceration 10 years later: 67% survive in IIa, 62% in IIb, 57% in IIc
Melanoma has spread to regional lymph nodes, a part of the lymphatic system (portion of immune system used to drain fluids from tissues) Divided into IIIa, b, c, based on how many lymph nodes are affected, whether or not original tumor is ulcerated 10 years later: 68% in IIIa survive, 46% in IIIb, 24% in IIIc Stage IIIa, IIIb, IIIc
Stage IV Melanoma has spread through blood to distant parts of skin/tissue/lymph nodes/organs (lung/liver/brain) Separated into MIa = cancer has only spread to distant tissue/skin MIb = metastasis to lungs MIc = metastasis to distant organ other than lungs 10 years later: 15% in MIa, 12% in MIb, 10% in MIc
Risk Factors Unavoidable 24 times higher rates in Caucasian people 70 years old is average Fair complexion/blonde/blue eyes/freckles 10% of melanoma cases have heredity Avoidable Sun exposure between 10 a.m. & 4 p.m. Presence of sunscreen Higher altitude = higher chance Tanning salons
Screening Tests Biopsy = process where doctor removes lesion and sends it in for pathology report to determine if cancerous by looking at how rapidly cells divide, presence of lymphocytes (cancerous white blood cell), if you can see melanoma cells at edges of lesion
Early Detection Use hand mirror to look in all parts of body for suspicious mole Talk to doctor if you notice a new mole/a change in existing mole/a sore that doesn t heal for 2 weeks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4tohr_0g2e
Radiation = change of skin colour, hair loss, fatigue, nausea Surgery = pain, lost appetite, fatigue, swelling, bruising Immunotherapy = fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, high blood pressure Chemotherapy = pain, fatigue, sores, diarrhea (radiation therapy) Treatment/Side Effects
Prevention Limit sun exposure between 10:00-4:00 Wear sun protective clothing Wear sunscreen Avoid tanning salons Examine skin regularly
New Diagnostic Tools Better screening research for faster detection Better methods of preventing it Tools to detect it earlier Not much specific information, mostly just better overall diagnosing
New Treatment Target therapy = therapy that only targets melanoma cells Combination of drugs to get rid of melanoma cells Vaccines to target melanoma Reducing side effects of existing tissues Adaptive cell transfer = taking a cell from the body, modifying it in a lab, putting it back in the body to get rid of melanoma
Statistics 1 in 50 people will be diagnosed with skin melanoma in their lifetime 22 people in 100,000 people will be diagnosed, 3 will die on average Accountable for 1.7% of all cancer-caused death Over 1,000,000 people were living with skin melanoma in the U.S. in 2013 Estimated 76,000 new cases in 2016 in U.S.
Interesting Facts Every 52 minutes 1 person dies of melanoma Less than 1% of all skin cancer is melanoma, but melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths Your risk of melanoma doubles if you ve had 5 or more sun burns Everyday sunscreen use decreases melanoma risk by 50%
Bibliography "Immunotherapy." Melanoma. N.p., 01 Jan. 0001. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. "Melanoma." Cancer.Net. N.p., 22 Sept. 2015. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. "Melanoma." Melanoma. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. "Melanoma Treatment." Melanoma Research Foundation. N.p., 09 June 2016. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. "Radiation Therapy for Melanoma Skin Cancer." Radiation Therapy for Melanoma Skin Cancer. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. "Side Effects of Chemotherapy." Cancer.Net. N.p., 29 Dec. 2015. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. "Skin Cancer Foundation." Skin Cancer Facts & Statistics. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. "Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program." Melanoma of the Skin. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016. Written by Heidi GodmanMedically Reviewed on March 17, 2014 by George Krucik, MD, MBA. "What Are the Prognosis and Survival Rates for Melanoma by Stage?" Healthline. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2016.
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