RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 203

4.1 General Introduction: The researcher has collected both the primary and secondary data. The primary data is collected by direct interaction by using formal questionnaire and interviews. A pilot study was conducted and accordingly the interview pattern and questionnaire have been suitably modified to extract more information. The collected data are inline with the overall pharmaceutical industries present status and leads to the future growth. The graphical representation followed by the statistical analysis. Each hypothesis has been tested using the statistical tools like Chi Square, Bi Nomial, Descriptive and Spearman s correlation coefficient tool and the inference have been drawn by doing the hypothesis testing and validation. The senior people of the top 30 Indian pharmaceutical industries and people associated have been questioned formally and informally and the data collected and compiled and tabulated and made the graphical representation. The collected data compiled and presented in tabular section along with the discussion for reference. 204

Indian pharmaceutical companies have survived on the strength of reverse engineering where by taking the process patent of patented drugs and by doing the improvement in the chemistry and engineering, has made a niche in the generic business. Table: 4.1 Indian pharmaceutical companies are going for products already /getting off patented in future. Sr. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited Yes 1 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited Yes 1 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 9 Abbott (India) Limited Yes 1 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited Yes 1 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited Yes 1 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited Yes 1 16 Mankind Pharma Limited Yes 1 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 30 Merck (India) Limited Yes 1 Yes 1 and No- 2 205

Table: 4.2 Indian pharmaceutical companies are opting for the large generic volume (2006-07). Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories 78% 3 2 Cipla Limited 93% 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited 100% 1 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited 92% 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited 84% 3 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 82% 3 7 Pfizer (India) Limited 100% 1 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited 96% 1 9 Abbott (India) Limited 100% 1 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited 84% 3 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited 60% 4 12 Aristo Pharma Limited 100% 1 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited 100% 1 14 Alembic Limited 91% 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited 95% 1 16 Mankind Pharma Limited 100% 1 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited 91% 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited 92% 1 19 Wockhardt Limited 81% 3 20 Micro Labs Limited 94% 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited 90% 1 22 FDC Limited 96% 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited 91% 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited 98% 1 25 USV Limited 82% 3 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited 87% 2 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited 84% 3 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited 92% 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited 95% 1 30 Merck (India) Limited 95% 1 V2 Very High Volume 90% & above 1 High Volume 85-90% 2 Low Volume 70-85% 3 Very Low Volume 70% & below 4 206

Indian pharmaceutical companies are going for products already / getting off patented in the near future. No Yes 100% Fig. 4.1 It is clear that all Indian pharmaceutical companies are going for the off patented drugs and presently it is a major constituent of their portfolio. Indian pharmaceutical companies are opting for large generic volume. 3% 24% 3% 70% 90% & above 85-90% 70-85% 70% & Below Fig. 4.2 207

Pharmaceuticals can be divided into two parts: 1. The one which is considered as bulk drugs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients). This is not considered as a part of generics. 2. All the dosage form like oral solid, liquid and injectable will fall under the head of generics and have been considered. The generic market consists of branded formulation, generic formulation and institutional tenders. Exclusions, 1. Contract research 2. In licensing and out licensing deals 3. The milestone payment against the research development With the data shown in Fig. 4.2 it is clear that Indian pharmaceutical companies are going for the products already off patented and are going to be off patented in the near future. The pie chart indicates that 70% Indian pharmaceutical companies have the generic volume as more than 90% of their total volume. More than 30% of global generic volume is presently catered by Indian pharmaceutical companies. Any drug which has an annual sales of more than Rs.4,500 crore (US$ 1 billion) globally is considered a block buster drug. The patent is given for 20 years but the patent holder tries to increase the patent by adding novelty and tries to extend its validity. The few Indian pharma companies have tried to challenge the process patent of block buster drug (Table 4.3). 208

Table: 4.3 Indian pharmaceutical companies to challenge the process patent of Block buster drugs. Sr. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited No 2 19 Wockhardt Limited No 2 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited No 2 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited No 2 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 209

Table: 4.4 Indian pharmaceutical companies already challenged block buster drugs for Exclusive Marketing Rights (EMR). Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited No 2 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited No 2 5 Zydus Cadila Limited No 2 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited No 2 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited No 2 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited No 2 19 Wockhardt Limited No 2 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited No 2 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited No 2 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 In order to market a generic drug in United States of America (USA), a company needs to file Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA). When filing an Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA), the company is required to certify that its product is not infringing any patent rights or the patent is invalid (para IV certification). If the company successfully proves that the patent in invalid of if it is 210

the first one to get approval for the generic version, it gets market exclusively for 180 days during which no other generic company is permitted to enter the market. This exclusivity is available under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Restoration Act of 1984 or better known as the Hatch-Waxman Act. A successful first to file para IV Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) can bring immense profits to the company. Dr. Reddy s, the first Indian company to get the 180 days exclusivity for marketing fluoxetine 40 mg in August 2001, saw its sale of generics increasing from Rs.30.4 crores in 2000-01 to Rs.406 crores in the year 2001-02. Sale of fluoxetine 40 mg contributed 81% of total generics sales and about half of Dr. Reddy s operating profit in the financial year 2001-02. Patent litigation under para IV is highly risky also as a failure means a loss of several years of hard work and huge legal expenses. Companies also engage in developing non-infringing processes for Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) filing. A Matrix laboratory was the first Indian company to develop a non-infringing process for manufacturing citaopram. The company was able to reap huge benefits with its sales of the product were Rs.560 crore till the year 2005-06. Another commercially successful example is the cefotaxime process developed by Lupin. Since 2002, both Ranbaxy and Dr. Reddy s Laboratory have taken steps towards registering themselves as the first movers in the generics for a number of drugs. Data obtained from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) shows that while Ranbaxy has been able to obtain approvals for 22 drugs as the first time generics between year 2002 and 2005, Dr. Redyy s has been able to obtain similar approvals for 8 drugs. More recently Glenmark got first to file status for three drugs having combined revenue of over Rs.9,000 crore (US $2 billion). The three drugs are Zetia (Ezetimibe) with annual sales of Rs.6,750 (US $1.5 billion) in the United States of America (USA) in 2008, Tarka (Trandolapril + Verapamil) with annual sales of Rs.324 crores (US $72 million) and Cultivate (Fluticasone lotion) with annual sales of Rs.166 crores (US $37 million). 211

Only few companies, particularly Ranbaxy and Dr. Reddy s had Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs) in their name till recently. Companies like Cipla had Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs) in the names of their marketing partners in the United States of America (USA). This situation has changed dramatically in the recent times and more companies are engaged in securing Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs). From 161 Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDAs) filed by four companies Ranbaxy, Dr. Reddy s, Wockhardt and Lupin in the last quarter of year 2003, the number has gone up to 701 Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs) files by 17 companies by the second quarter of year 2007. Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) approvals held by Indian firms as percentage of total approvals have gone up sharply from 7% in year 2001 to 21% in year 2006 to 30% in year 2008 and to 35% in year 2009 till 23 rd February. Indian pharmaceutical companies already challenged Block Buster drugs for Exclusive Marketing Rights (EMR) 10% No Yes 90% Fig. 4.3 It is clear from the Fig. 4.3 that three Indian pharma companies have already challenged the process patent and have won the Exclusive Marketing Rights (EMR). Ranbaxy, Dr. Reddy s and Glenmark have so far challenged the blockbuster drugs of multinational to get Exclusive Market Rights. 212

Fig. 4.4 With the research it is clear that 27% of Indian pharmaceutical company s intent to challenge the process patent of block buster drug from Fig 4.4. Pharmaceutical companies like Cipla, Piramal Healthcare, Zydus Cadila, Lupin Laboratories and Sun Pharmaceuticals are also having the strategy for challenging the process patent of the block buster drugs. India has a good scientific base and has reasonably good academic institutes in addition it has large English speaking literate population. The Research & Development (R&D) is a huge cost in west. On an average a drug discovery takes 12 to 15 years with more than Rs.5,850 crores (US$ 1.3 billion) investment. Western companies are looking for Research & Development (R&D) outsourcing from India to reduce this spending. 213

Table: 4.5 Indian pharmaceutical companies to build independent Research & Development (R&D) infrastructure. Sr. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited No 2 19 Wockhardt Limited No 2 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 214

Table: 4.6 Indian pharmaceutical companies building up Research & Development (R&D) infrastructure for research contract collaboration. Sr. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited No 2 19 Wockhardt Limited No 2 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 215

Table: 4.7 Indian pharmaceutical companies Research & Development (R&D) in terms of scientist s strength as in the year 2009. Sr. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories 750 1 2 Cipla Limited 550 2 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited 300 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited 400 2 5 Zydus Cadila Limited 250 3 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 400 2 7 Pfizer (India) Limited 150 4 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited 100 4 9 Abbott (India) Limited 50 4 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited 450 2 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited 700 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited 75 4 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited 125 4 14 Alembic Limited 125 4 15 Novartis (India) Limited 150 4 16 Mankind Pharma Limited 75 4 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited 200 3 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited 300 2 19 Wockhardt Limited 200 3 20 Micro Labs Limited 136 4 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited 200 3 22 FDC Limited 50 4 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited 158 4 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited 112 4 25 USV Limited 170 4 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited 200 3 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited 400 2 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited 300 2 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited 100 4 30 Merck (India) Limited 150 4 V3 Very High Volume 600 < 1 High Volume 300-600 2 Low Volume 200-300 3 Very Low Volume <200 4 216

Fig. 4.5 It has been found that out of 30 Indian pharmaceutical companies, 11 companies that is 37% (Fig 4.5) are building independent Research & Development (R&D) infrastructure (Table 4.5 and 4.6) and have deployed sizeable number of scientists (Table 4.7) to meet this collaborative research requirement. The Research & Development has been given the status of a profit centre and is a money churner. 217

Indian pharmaceutical companies Research & Development in terms of Scientist strength 50% 7% 16% 27% 600 < 300-600 200-300 <200 Fig. 4.6 The Fig. 4.6 above indicates that 50% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies have Research & Development scientist in the range of 100-200 and 27% in the range of 300-600 numbers of scientists, in order to make the strong presence in the new development and technologies. 218

Table: 4.8 Indian pharmaceutical companies creating the facilities for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) form to meet the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guidelines. Sr. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited Yes 1 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 219

Table: 4.9 Indian pharmaceutical companies creating facilities for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) form to meet the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) guidelines. Sr. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited Yes 1 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 220

Table: 4.10 Indian pharmaceutical companies creating facilities for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) form to meet the Medicines Control Council (MCC) guidelines. Sr. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited Yes 1 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 25 USV Limited No 2 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 221

Table: 4.11 Indian pharmaceutical companies creating facilities for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) form to meet the Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia (TGA) guidelines. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited Yes 1 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 222

Fig. 4.7 Looking into the strengths, competency and the capability to deliver consistent results, Indian pharmaceutical companies have developed a good recognition world wide and commands greater acceptability. It is clear from the research Fig. 4.7 that, 63.33% of Indian pharmaceutical companies have already built up the manufacturing facility for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) to meet the regulatory approval of United States Food and Drug Application (USFDA) (Table 4.7). 223

Fig. 4.8 It is clear from Fig. 4.8 that 66.67% Indian pharmaceutical companies have already built up the manufacturing facility for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) to meet the regulatory approval of Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). 224

Fig. 4.9 It is clear from Fig. 4.9 that 66.67% Indian pharmaceutical companies have already built up the manufacturing facility for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) to meet the regulatory approval of Medicines Control Council (MCC). The companies like Cadila Pharma, Unichem Labs, and Ipca Laboratories are in the race for creating manufacturing facilities of Active Pharmaceuticals Ingredients (API) to meet the regulatory approval of Medicines Control Council (MCC) (South Africa). 225

Fig. 4.10 It is clear from Fig. 4.10 that 63.33% Indian pharmaceutical companies have already built up the manufacturing facility for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) to meet the regulatory approval of Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia (TGA). The companies like Cadila Pharma, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Micro Labs, Unichem Labs and Ipca Laboratories have manufacturing facilities for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) to meet the regulatory approval of Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia (TGA) for their respective bulk drugs. 226

Table: 4.12 Indian pharmaceutical companies creating facilities for dosage form to meet the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guidelines. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited Yes 1 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 227

Table: 4.13 Indian pharmaceutical companies creating facilities for dosage form to meet the Medicines and Health care Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) guidelines. Sr.No. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited Yes 1 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 228

Table: 4.14 Indian pharmaceutical companies creating facilities for dosage form to meet the Medicines Control Council (MCC) guidelines. Sr.No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 25 USV Limited No 2 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 229

Table: 4.15 Indian pharmaceutical companies creating facilities for dosage form to meet the Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia (TGA) guidelines. Sr. No. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 230

Fig. 4.11 It is clear from Fig. 4.11 that majority of Indian pharmaceutical companies have built up their manufacturing facility for dosage to meet the regulatory approval of United States Food and Drug Application (USFDA). The list of Indian pharmaceutical companies for dosage form manufacturing facility includes, Cipla Limited, Sanofi Aventis, Ranbaxy Laboratories, Piramal Healthcare, Sun Pharmaceutical and few more. India has taken major lead in manufacturing and today outside United States of America (USA) maximum number of United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approved plants are in India. 231

Fig. 4.12 It is clear from Fig. 4.12 that 73.33% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies have already built up their manufacturing facility for dosage to meet the regulatory approval of Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). 232

Fig. 4.13 It is clear from the Fig.4.13 that 66.67% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies have already built up their manufacturing facility for dosage to meet the regulatory approval of Medicines Control Council (MCC). 233

Table: 4.16 Indian pharmaceutical companies tie up with Multinational companies (MNCs) for the contract manufacturing for dosage form. Sr.No. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 234

Table: 4.17 Indian pharmaceutical companies having the manufacturing sites in the developed country for the contract manufacturing of dosage form. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited No 2 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited No 2 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited No 2 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 235

Fig. 4.14 From the Fig. 4.14 above, it is clear that 63.33% Indian pharmaceutical companies are tying up with multinational firms for contract manufacturing of dosage form in India. Indian pharmaceutical companies have started exploring their business in the new era of the contract manufacturing opportunities for the reputed multinational companies of the world in order to acquire more quanta of the business. Indian pharmaceutical companies have gone for major tie ups with multinational companies. Many of the Indian pharmaceutical legends like Ranbaxy, Dr. Reddy s Laboratories, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals and Zydus Cadila have built up their manufacturing plants for dosage form in India as well as in the developed countries in order to cater to contract manufacturing strategy. 236

Fig. 4.15 From the Fig.4.15 above, it is clear that 40% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies have manufacturing facilities for their dosage form in the developed countries of the world. 237

Table: 4.18 Indian pharmaceutical companies having turnover in Rs. crores for the Financial Year 2007-2008. Sr.No. Title Turnover Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories 5,986 1 2 Cipla Limited 4,231 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited 1,701 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited 2,873 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited 2,266 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 3,356 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited 1,267 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited 1,070 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited 1,171 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited 2,707 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited 4,914 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited 789 3 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited 873 3 14 Alembic Limited 1,015 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited 776 3 16 Mankind Pharma Limited 842 3 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited 1,354 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited 1,062 2 19 Wockhardt Limited 2,653 1 20 Micro Labs Limited 835 3 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited 1,186 2 22 FDC Limited 730 3 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited 671 3 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited 630 3 25 USV Limited 826 3 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited 1,091 2 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited 2,621 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited 743 3 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited 551 3 30 Merck (India) Limited 315 4 V1_FY_08 Very High Volume 2,000< 1 High Volume 2,000-1,000 2 Low Volume 1,000-500 3 Very Low Volume <500 4 238

Table: 4.19 Indian pharmaceutical companies having turnover in Rs. crores for the Financial Year 2008 2009. Sr.No. Title Turnover Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories 7,241 1 2 Cipla Limited 4,960 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited 1,542 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited 3,281 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited 2,862 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 4,272 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited 1,428 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited 1,161 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited 1,302 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited 3,776 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited 6,790 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited 980 3 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited 983 3 14 Alembic Limited 1,116 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited 804 3 16 Mankind Pharma Limited 1,086 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited 1,586 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited 1,223 2 19 Wockhardt Limited 3,592 1 20 Micro Labs Limited 966 3 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited 1,375 2 22 FDC Limited 835 3 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited 727 3 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited 749 3 25 USV Limited 1,058 2 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited 1,284 2 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited 2,093 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited 752 3 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited 619 3 30 Merck (India) Limited 389 4 V1_FY_09 Very High Volume 2,000< 1 High Volume 2,000-1,000 2 Low Volume 1,000-500 3 Very Low Volume <500 4 239

Table: 4.20 Indian pharmaceutical companies invested in Research & Development in Rs. crores in the Financial Year 2007 2008. Sr. No. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories 639 1 2 Cipla Limited 155 3 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited 75 4 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited 91 4 5 Zydus Cadila Limited 118 3 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 161 3 7 Pfizer (India) Limited 24 4 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited 15 4 9 Abbott (India) Limited 20 4 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited 154 3 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited 344 2 12 Aristo Pharma Limited 30 4 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited 571 1 14 Alembic Limited 44 4 15 Novartis (India) Limited 40 4 16 Mankind Pharma Limited 15 4 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited 87 4 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited 95 4 19 Wockhardt Limited 81 4 20 Micro Labs Limited 28 4 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited 40 4 22 FDC Limited 10 4 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited 32 4 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited 15 4 25 USV Limited 70 4 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited 37 4 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited 47 4 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited 118 3 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited 10 4 30 Merck (India) Limited 20 4 V2_RD_08 Very High Volume 500< 1 High Volume 500-200 2 Low Volume 200-100 3 Very Low Volume <100 4 240

Fig. 4.16 From the Fig. 4.16 it is clear that, 30% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies are having a total turnover in the range of Rs.1,000-2,000 crores in the financial year of 2007-2008. 241

Fig. 4.17 From the Fig. 4.17 it is clear that, 37% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies are having a total turnover in the range of Rs.1,000-2,000 crores in the financial year of 2008-2009. 242

Fig. 4.18 From the Fig. 4.18 above it is clear that 16.67% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies have already invested Rs.100-200 crores in Research & Development (R&D). It is clear that of late Indian pharmaceutical companies are focusing on Research & Development (R&D) and investing significantly. For any Indian pharma company to remain ahead of the value chain it must have one Research & Development (R&D) capability. This strategy alone will separate the achievers. In order to become a major global player, many of the Indian pharmaceutical biggies, are having extensive concentration over the international markets. Many of them are using various techniques for grabbing the international sector of the pharma world, due to which the domestic market gets less focus as compared with the international market. In last five years the Indian pharma market has doubled from Rs.22,500 crores (US$ 5 billion) to Rs.49,500 crores (US$ 11billion) and it is further expected to grow to Rs. 90,000 crore (US$ 20 billion) by the year 2015. Hence, it is necessary for the Indian pharma industry to strike a perfect balance between the domestic market and international market for becoming a successful player in the pharma world. 243

Table: 4.21 Indian pharmaceutical companies having sales turnover from domestic market in Rs. crore for the Financial Year 2007-2008. Sr. No. Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories 1,638 1 2 Cipla Limited 1,673 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited 1,513 1 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited 1,231 2 5 Zydus Cadila Limited 1,192 2 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 1,064 2 7 Pfizer (India) Limited 976 3 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited 1,021 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited 901 3 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited 852 3 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited 749 3 12 Aristo Pharma Limited 724 3 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited 665 3 14 Alembic Limited 608 3 15 Novartis (India) Limited 597 3 16 Mankind Pharma Limited 712 3 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited 658 3 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited 607 3 19 Wockhardt Limited 637 3 20 Micro Labs Limited 539 3 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited 659 3 22 FDC Limited 557 3 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited 501 3 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited 489 4 25 USV Limited 459 4 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited 403 4 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited 435 4 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited 354 4 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited 291 4 30 Merck (India) Limited 267 4 V1_DOM_08 Very High Volume 1,500< 1 High Volume 1,500-1,000 2 Low Volume 1,000-500 3 Very Low Volume >500 4 244

Table: 4.22 Indian pharmaceutical companies having sales turnover from Domestic market in Rs. crores for the Financial Year 2008-2009. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories 1,802 1 2 Cipla Limited 1,874 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited 1,524 1 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited 1,470 2 5 Zydus Cadila Limited 1,270 2 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 1,223 2 7 Pfizer (India) Limited 1,082 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited 1,104 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited 986 3 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited 974 3 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited 769 3 12 Aristo Pharma Limited 860 3 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited 743 3 14 Alembic Limited 637 3 15 Novartis (India) Limited 618 3 16 Mankind Pharma Limited 907 3 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited 705 3 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited 658 3 19 Wockhardt Limited 735 3 20 Micro Labs Limited 604 3 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited 743 3 22 FDC Limited 619 3 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited 517 3 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited 576 3 25 USV Limited 572 3 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited 507 3 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited 512 3 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited 342 4 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited 311 4 30 Merck (India) Limited 305 4 V1_INT_08 Very High Volume 1,500< 1 High Volume 1,500-1,000 2 Low Volume 1,000-500 3 Very Low Volume >500 4 245

Fig. 4.19 From the Fig. 4.19 it is clear that 23.34% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies are having a sales turnover in the range of Rs.500-1,000 crores only from the domestic market sector. 246

Fig. 4.20 From the data it is clear that Indian pharmaceutical companies are focusing on international business but as domestic market is also expanding there is shift in attention towards domestic market. In order to become a global player, the Indian pharmaceutical companies need to have balanced approach. 247

Table: 4.23 Indian pharmaceutical companies having strategy for collaboration with multinational companies. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited Yes 1 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 248

Table: 4.24 Indian pharmaceutical companies having strategy for contract research. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited Yes 1 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 249

Table: 4.25 Indian pharmaceutical companies having strategy for joint venture. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited Yes 1 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 250

Table: 4.26 Indian pharmaceutical companies having strategy for clinical research. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 251

Table: 4.27 Indian pharmaceutical companies having strategy for alternative medicines in Herbal. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited Yes 1 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited No 2 7 Pfizer (India) Limited Yes 1 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited Yes 1 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited Yes 1 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited No 2 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited No 2 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 252

Table: 4.28 Indian pharmaceutical companies having strategy for alternative medicines in Ayurvedic. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories No 2 2 Cipla Limited No 2 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited No 2 5 Zydus Cadila Limited No 2 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited No 2 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited No 2 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited No 2 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited No 2 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited No 2 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes` 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 253

Table: 4.29 Indian pharmaceutical companies having strategy for alternative medicines in Biotech. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited Yes 1 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited Yes 1 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited Yes 1 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited Yes 1 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited Yes 1 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited Yes 1 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited Yes 1 19 Wockhardt Limited Yes 1 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited Yes 1 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited Yes 1 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited Yes 1 Yes 1 and No- 2 254

Table: 4.30 Indian pharmaceutical companies having strategy for work on drug discovery. Sr. No Title Details Num 1 Ranbaxy Laboratories Yes 1 2 Cipla Limited No 2 3 GlaxoSmithKline (India) Limited No 2 4 Piramal Healthcare Limited Yes 1 5 Zydus Cadila Limited Yes 1 6 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Yes 1 7 Pfizer (India) Limited No 2 8 Alkem Laboratories Limited No 2 9 Abbott (India) Limited No 2 10 Lupin Laboratories Limited Yes 1 11 Dr. Reddy s Laboratories Limited Yes 1 12 Aristo Pharma Limited No 2 13 Sanofi Aventis (India) Limited No 2 14 Alembic Limited No 2 15 Novartis (India) Limited No 2 16 Mankind Pharma Limited No 2 17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 18 Intas Pharmaceuticals limited No 2 19 Wockhardt Limited No 2 20 Micro Labs Limited No 2 21 Emcure Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 22 FDC Limited No 2 23 Unichem Laboratories Limited No 2 24 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 25 USV Limited No 2 26 Ipca Laboratories Limited No 2 27 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Yes 1 28 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 29 Elder Pharmaceuticals Limited No 2 30 Merck (India) Limited No 2 Yes 1 and No- 2 255

Fig. 4.21 It is clear from the Fig. 4.21 presented here that, 67% of the Indian pharma industries have collaborated with multinational companies. 256

Fig. 4.22 From the Fig. 4.22 it is clear that, 53% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies have gone for contract research. Pharmaceutical companies like Piramal Healthcare and Dr. Reddy s Laboratories follow a strategy for contract research. 257

Fig. 4.23 From the Fig. 4.23 it is clear that, 63% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies strategically have gone for joint ventures. 258

Fig. 4.24 From the Fig. 4.24 it is clear that, 50% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies strategically have gone for clinical research activities. 259

Fig. 4.25 From the Fig. 4.25 it is clear that, 43% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies strategically focus on manufacturing herbal medicines as a part of the alternative medicines segment. 260

Fig. 4.26 From the Fig. 4.26 it is clear that, 30% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies strategically focus on New Drug Discovery (NDD) as a part of the alternative medicines segment. 261

Fig. 4.27 From the Fig. 4.27 it is clear that, 7% of the Indian pharmaceutical companies strategically focus on manufacturing ayurvedic medicines as a part of the alternative medicines segment. 262