Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0976-7908 402 Pharma Science Monitor 9(2), Apr-Jun 2018 PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Journal home page: http://www.pharmasm.com PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STUDIES ON AERIAL PARTS OF LEUCAS ASPERA SPRENG J. Alin Bose*, Vineeth Chandy, Abubaker Avalu Adam, Shiab Mohammed T.John college of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. ABSTRACT Inflammation is a defensive mechanism to injury with general signs of warmth, reddening, pain, swelling and loss functions; it may be of acute (or) chronic type. The important parameters to access inflammation are measurement of erythema, oedema, formation of granulation tissue,. Thus the anti-inflammatory activity of any compound can be evaluated by its ability to reduce one (or) more of these parameters artificially. The present study summarizes the Phytochemical and anti-inflammatory studies on aerial parts of Leucas aspera. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied by Carrageenan induced rat hind paw oedema, measured by Plethygmograph (Mercury displacement method) Wistar strain rats of either sex between 150-200gm were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals each. KEYWORDS: Anti inflamtory, leucas aspera, Carrageenan, odema, plethygmograph. INTRODUCTION Natural products are derived from higher microbes (or) animals and this can be terrestrial or marine origin, to cure the diseases without any toxic effects. Plant as a source of medicine have specific importance in south Asian countries with already well developed traditional systems of medicines called Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Emchi and Prakrtiacikitsa (naturopathy), all of which derived more than 90% of medicaments from higher plants. Several types of folk medicines are prevalent in different tribal areas of India. Traditionally medicinal preparation based on these raw materials available in thee from of crude drugs such as dried herbs (or) the extracts and were invariably formed a mixture of several such material The researches in medicine were aimed at discovering new drugs from nature and also modification of their naturally occurring substances has become a powerful tool. The modern system of medicine still lack in providing suitable medicaments for the large number of adverse conditions. In spite of tremendous advances made in discovery of new compounds still there are a few diseases such as viral infection which needs proper ailment.
Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0976-7908 403 The available therapeutic agents only bring out symptomatic relief without any influence on the curative process, thus causing their rises of relapses and danger of unwanted effects, A large number of population suffer, due to various reasons from inflammatory conditions of know origin. The development of anti-inflamatory drug being a major thrust area has drawn attention of majority of workers in the field of natural product research ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY Inflammation is a defensive mechanism to injury with general signs of warmth, reddening, pain, swelling and loss functions; it may be of acute (or) chronic type. The important parameters to access inflammation are measurement of erythema, oedema, formation of granulation tissue, changes in bio-chemical parameters such as serum proteins especially 2- macro globule in levels, serum acid phosphatase (ASP) serumtransaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SSGPT),and Alanine. transaminase(alt). Thus the antiinflammatory activity if any compound can be evaluated by its ability to reduce one (or) more of these parameters in artificially parameters. The present study summarizes the preliminary, Phytochemical and antiinflammatory studies on aerial parts of Leucas aspara. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical investigation of the Aerial part of leucas aspera. The phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of plant involves the following, Extraction of plant material preliminary phytochemical studies EXTRACTION OF PLANT MATERIAL The plant material was collected from Nagercoil in the month of September. The leaves stem, fruits, flowers of the plant were dried in the shade for one month. Then the shade-dried material was subjected to successive solvent extraction process by hot continuous percolation method using soxhlet apparatus. The solvent are used in increasing polarity, such as Hexane, chloroform, and Ethanol. DATA SHOWING THE EXTRACTIVE VALUES OF AERIAL PARTS OF LEUCAS Plant Name Leucas aspera Part used Aerial parts Method of Extraction Hot continuous Percolation ASPERA (TABLE 1) Hexane Chloroform Ethanol 7. 25% 6.56% 12.36%
Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0976-7908 404 IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT CONSTITUENTS BY PHYTOCHEMICAL TEST The various extract of the plant of Leucas aspera was subjected to chemical tests for identification of its active constituents. DATA SHOWING THE PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF Leucas aspera (TABLE 2) Extracts Alkaloids Carbohydrate & Clyco sides Phyto sterol Phenolic com & Tannins Proteins & Amino acids Saponins Gums & mucil ages Fixed oils & fats Flavo noids Lig nin Hexane -ve -ve +ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve +ve -ve Chloroform +ve +ve -ve +ve +ve -ve -ve -ve +ve +ve Ethanol +ve +ve -ve +ve +ve -ve -ve -ve +ve +ve ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEUCAS ASPARA IN ALBINO RATS Anti-inflammatory activity was studied by Carrageenan induced rat hind paw oedema, measured by Plethygmograph (Mercury displacement method) Wistar strain rats of either sex between 150-200gm were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals each. The first group served as the control and received the distilled water, second group of animals were administered with standard drug Diclofenac sodium, 20mg/kg body weight (orally). The third and fourth groups of animals were treated with Ethanolic extract of LEUCAS ASPARA at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally. The volume paw oedema was measured in control, standard and treated groups accordingly 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after Carrageenan injection. The data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnet s t- test. According to this test there was a significant difference between the drug treated groups and control at the level of P <0.001and P < 0.01.
Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0976-7908 405 RESULTS At first hour, Diclofenac sodium, Ethanolic extract of Leucas aspara 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity compared to control group (P < 0.001). At second hour also diclofenac sodium, ethanolic extract of Leucas aspara 200mg/ kg and 400mg/kg exhibited good anti-inflammatory(p<0.001). At third hour diclofenac sodium (P<0.001) exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity compared to ethanolic extract of Leucas aspara 200mg/kg (P<0.001) and 400mg/kg (P<0.001). At fourth hour also diclofenac sodium and ethanolic extract of Leucas aspara 400mg/kg exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity compared to ethanolic extract of Leucas aspara 200mg/kg (P<0.001). It means diclofenac sodium showed highest anti-inflammatory activity followed by ethanolic extract of Leucas aspara 200mg/kg. Hence the results of the present investigation conclude that the ethanolic extract of Leucas aspara 200mg/kg and 400mg /kg. Showed more anti-inflammatory activity than 200mg/kg dose. Further work is progress to isolate the constituents responsible for the antiinflammatory activity in our laboratory. TABLE NO 3 INVIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEUCAS ASPARA IN ALBINO RATS DRUG ROU TE DOSE mg /kg Control P.O 1 ml/kg 0.225 ± Diclofenac sodium Ethanol 200 mg /kg Ethanol 400 mg /kg P.O 20 mg /kg P.O 200 mg /kg P.O 400 mg /kg One- way ANOVA F P Paw Volume 1 Hour 2 Hour 3 Hour 4 Hour 0.075 ** ± (66.66%) 0.125 ** ± (44.44%) 0.1 ** ± 0.003 (55.55%) 9.223 <0.001 0.275 ± 0.125 ** ± (54.54%) 0.175 ** ± 0.04787 (36.36%) 0.15 ** ± 0.02872 (45.45%) 3.9522 <0.01 0.325 ± 0.00216 0.15 ** ± 0.002886 (53.84%) 0.275 * ± 0.05704 (15.38%) 0.225 ** ± 0.03504 (30.76%) 1.094 <0.5 0.04 ± 0.005 0.2 ** ± 0.0408 (50%) 0.325 ** ± (18.75%) 0.275 ** ± 0.0478 (31.25%) 6.1855 <0.001
Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0976-7908 406 1. Values are expressed in mean SEM, n=4 (4 animals in each group) df = 3/12 2. One- way ANOVA followed by Dunnet s t test., ** P<0.001, * P<0.01 was considered to be statistically significant. DISCUSSION The present studies involved the findings of Phytochemical and Anti inflammatory activity on aerial parts of Leucas aspera. It opens up vital for further studies of this plant. PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION EXTRACTION The dried powder of the aerial parts of plant was extracted with different solvents of increasing polarity and the percentage of extract where calculated (Table no-1). The ethanolic extract possessed maximum extractive value. PHYTOCHEMICAL TEST Various extracts were subjected to phytochemical studies. The extracts answered positively for Carbohydrates, alkaloids, Proteins, Terpenoids, Steroids and Flavonoids and answered negatively for Glycosides, saponins and Fixed oil & Fat. (Table no-2) ANTI INFLAMMATORY STUDIES: The anti inflammatory activity was studied by Carrageenan induced rat hind paw oedema, measured by Plethysmograph (Mercury Displacement Method) Wistar strain rats of either sex between 150-200 gm were divided into four groups of four animal each. The first group served as a control and received the distilled water and second group of animals were administered with standard drug. Diclofenac Sodium 200mg/Kg body weight orally. The third and fourth groups of animals were treated with EELA (Ethanolic Extract of Leucas Aspera) at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The volume paw oedema was measured in controll, standard and treated groups accordingly 1,2,3 and 4 hours after carrageenan injection. The data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnet s t-test.according to this test there was a significant difference between the drug treated groups and control at the level of P<0.001and P<0.01 CONCLUSION The present study provided the phytoconstituents and Anti-inflammatory activity present in this Leucas aspera. It will support for the structural elucidation of active constituents. REFERENCES 1. Sadhu SK, Okuyama E, Fujimoto H, Ishibashi M, nat prod, 2006 jul; 69(7):988-94
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