Introduction to Adhesives UPACO Division of Worthen Industries Barbara Strickland April 11, 2013
20,000 BC Cavemen Beeswax, Pine Sap feathers on arrows 1500 BC Egyptians Animal glues repair Asphalt mosaics 1500 AD Spaniards Rubber bookbinding 1905 Baekeland Balelite billiard balls 1928 Rohm & Haas PMMA 1920 Dupont Neoprene rubber Commercialized 1970'2, 80's, 90's Reactive hot melts, UV curable coatings & Adhesives, Silanes 8000 BC Nomadic Tribes Animal Hides Repair pottery 1000 BC Greeks & Romans Albumin gold leaf beeswax/tar mortar 1841 Goodyear Vulcanized Rubber 1922 BASF Urea formaldehyde 1937 Bayer Polyurethanes 1940's, 50's, 60's Cyanoacrylates, Polyimides 2000's Reversion to natural, sustainable RM's for polymers, growth of water borne & 100% solids systems
Categories of Adhesives Solvent based: Solvent(s) + Polymer + resin + additives Water Borne: Water + Polymer + resin dispersion + wetting agent + thickener + preservative 100% Solids: Hot Melt or Reactive 1 or 2 polymer system
Pressure Sensitive Rubber based: Natural (Isoprene) Butyl Block Copolymers: SBS, SIS, SEBS, APAO
Thermoplastic Will soften with heat; may be in solvent or water Rubber/plastic based: Polyurethane Polychloroprene Acrylic Nitrile
Thermoset Will not soften with heat Rubber/plastic based: 2 part polyurethanes Silicones Epoxies
Polymers Used to Manufacture Adhesives Polyurethanes Acrylics Epoxies Polychloroprenes Natural rubber Styrenated Block Copolymers Cyanoacrylates Silicones
Polyurethanes Prepared by addition reaction of isocyanates and polyols. May also include catalysts, chain extenders, plasticizers, flame retardants, fillers and other additives. Wide variety of end properties and uses. Hard, soft, rigid, flexible. Adhesives, coatings, sealants, foams, fibers.
Polyols and Chain Extenders Polyoxypropylene glycol Polytetramethylene ether glycol Polycaprolactones Castor oil Trimethylolpropane 1,4 Butanediol Ethylenediamine Triisopropanolamine
Isocyanates Diphenylmethane 4,4 Diisocyanate (MDI) Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI) Bis(4 Isocyanatocyclohexyl) Methane (HMDI)
Simple Polyurethane: Reaction of Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) with Ethylene Glycol
Acrylics Prepared by free radical polymerization of acrylic monomers. Chain reaction steps: initiation, propagation and termination. Initiators are unstable compounds that decompose at elevated temperatures to form free radicals (molecules with unpaired electrons).
Acrylic Monomers Acrylic acid Methyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate 2 Ethylhexyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile
Free Radical Initiators 2,2 Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) tert Butyl peroxide Cumyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide tert Butyl hydroperoxide tert Butyl perbenzoate
Polyurethane Adhesive Formulation Ingredient Function % Acetone Solvent (main dissolver) 45.00 Methyl Ethyl Ketone Solvent (main dissolver) 16.42 Toluene Solvent (diluent) 14.00 Polyurethane polymer Base polymer 19.00 Fumed Silica Filler/Flow control 0.08 Phenolic Resin Specific adhesion 5.50
Contact Adhesive for Roofing Membrane Installation Ingredient Function % Toluene Solvent 45.00 Acetone Diluent 18.00 Heptane Diluent 11.80 Magnesium Oxide Curative for Resin 0.20 Zinc Oxide Curative for Rubber 0.20 Tertiary Butyl Phenolic Tackifier Resin 7.55 Polychloroprene Rubber Base Polymer 15.00 Brominated Butyl Rubber Adhesion Promoter 2.00 Phenolic Antioxidant Stabilizer 0.25
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Formulation Ingredient Function % Toluene Solvent (main dissolver) 40.00 Hexane Solvent (diluent) 9.75 Styrene isoprene Styrene (SIS) Copolymer Base polymer 25.00 Aliphatic Hydrocarbon (C 5 or C 9) Resin Tackifier 20.00 Paraffinic Oil Plasticizer/Tackifier 5.00 Antioxidant Stabilizer 0.25
Hot melt Packaging Adhesive Ingredient Function % Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Coploymer Base Polymer 30.00 Pentaerythritol Rosin Ester Resin Tackifyier Resin 34.50 Paraffinic Wax Reduces Viscosity & Cost 20.00 PE Homopolymer (Polyethylene) Improves Wetting 15.00 Phenolic Antioxidant Stabilizer 0.50
Water borne Polyurethane Adhesive Formulation Ingredients Function % PU Dispersion Base polymer 70.00 Resin Dispersion Tackifier/Softening point 25.00 depression Silica or clay dispersion Filler/Flow control 2.50 Modified soap dispersion Wetting/Leveling agent 0.50 Preservative Antimold/Antifungal 1.40 Sodium Polyacrylate Thickener 0.60
Product Composition Bonds to Activation Temp* Carrier Standard Thickness** EVA Fabrics Metals Neoprene Polyester Some Rubber Vinyl Urethane Application Mil MM Film 100-3, 5 Urethane 1 90ºC Paper + PE 3 / 5 0.08 / 0.13 FILM 156 Urethane 2 90ºC Paper or PET 1.5 / 4 / 7 0.08 / 0.13 FILM 803 Urethane 2 95ºC Paper or PET 3 0.08 Film 333 Urethane 3 95ºC Paper or PET 1.5 / 4 / 7 0.04 / 0.11 / 0.18 Film 1423 Urethane 1 110ºC Paper + PE 3 0.08 Film 339 Olefin Blend 2 110ºC Paper or PET 3 0.08 Film 453 Olefin Blend 3 110ºC Paper or PET 3 0.08 Film 240 Aliphatic TPU 4 110ºC Polyester 1.5 / 3 0.04 / 0.08 Film 375 Urethane 2,3 125ºC Paper or PET 1.5 / 4 / 7 0.04 / 0.11 / 0.18 Film 2603 Coextrusion 1 125ºC Paper or PET 6, 8, 10 0.15 / 0.20 / 0.25 Film 515 Blend 1,3 125ºC Paper 3 0.08 FILM 2608 Blend 1,2 125ºC Polyester 6, 10 0.20 / 0.25 Film 449 Proprietary 2,3 125ºC Paper 3 0.08 FILM 2609 Proprietary 1 125ºC Polyester 8, 10 0.20 / 0.25 FILM 2815 Coextrusion 1 125 C Polyester 4, 6, 8 0.11 / 0.15 / 0.20 Film 8618 Coex Printable TPU 4 125 C Polyester 10 0.25 Film 2743*** Polyester 2 130ºC Paper or PET 3 / 5 0.08 / 0.13 Film 218 Urethane 2,3 140ºC Paper or PET 6 0.15 Film 1413 Urethane 1 145ºC Paper + PE 3 0.08 *Activation temperature can vary depending on applied pressure and the substrate permeability **Worthen will customize films and/or carriers to meet a customer's specific requirements ***Contains organo tin (DBT) 1 = Sole Attaching 2 = Lamination 3 = Stichless 4 = Printable/Colored Updated: 05/18/12
Thank you for your attention Questions??