Livestock Management CDE Dairy: Nutritional Management K. J. Clark, Erin Marotz, and B.A. Reiling January 26, 2017 Nutritional Management Objectives Students should understand... Anatomy/Physiology Nutritionally based Metabolic Disorders Feedstuff ID & Characterization Ration and forage sampling & analysis Body Condition Scoring Scale Stage of growth and lactation The Rumen Inside & Out Rumen Storage (up to 50 gallon capacity) Physical mixing Fermentation chamber Microbes break down cellulose Microbes release volatile fatty acids (VFAs) = ENERGY - Acetate, from forage digesters milk fat synthesis Bacterial synthesis of protein & vitamins Rumen Pappillae Reticulum the honeycomb Forces the cud back to the mouth Continguous with the rumen (rumeno-reticulum) Omasum manyplies ; Stockman s Bible Absorption of water Omasum Reticulum 1
Abomasum (true stomach) Acidic digestion Abomasum Small Intestine Small Intestine (ph ~ 6-7) Enzymatic digestion Absorption of nutrients Glucose, AA s, Minerals Everything except VFAs Jejunum Large Intestine Large Intestine Water resorption Storage of undigested food Microbial fermentation limited absorption https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jslzjgpf_7g&li st=plsnji1ptt462txistve6dgrmebcdhyjsz Metabolic Disorders to Know Milk Fever Displaced Abomasum Ketosis Retained Placenta Hypocalcemia Acidocis Fat Cow Syndrome Fat Cow Syndrome Bloat Liver Absesses Bloat Laminitis Hardware Disease Udder edema NebGuide: Dairy Cow Health & Metabolic Disease Metabolic Disorders What to know? What is it? When is it most likely to occur? What are the physical signs/symptoms? How can it be prevented/treated? Metabolic Disorders What to know? Example Displaced Abomasum (DA) Definition (What is it?) Abomasum distended (gas/fluid) abnormal position 2
Metabolic Disorders What to know? Example Displaced Abomasum When is it most likely to occur? Within 2 wks of calving High grains diets before & after calving DAs What are the physical signs/symptoms? off-feed, scant bowel movements, milk production, general discomfort How can it be treated? Surgery Feedstuff ID & Characterization Corn Soybean Meal Alfalfa hay Alfalfa silage Corn silage Blood meal Distillers grains Tallow Dicalcium phosphate Beet pulp Brome hay Soyhulls Cottonseed Limestone Magnesium oxide Selenium Wheat midds Canola Salt Citrus pulp Characteristics of Feeds Why are each of the following ingredients commonly incorporated into a Dairy Ration? Feed Energy Protein Fiber Corn Soybean Meal Alfalfa Hay Limestone Distillers Grains Mineral Vitamin Sample Feed and Forage Analysis Sample Questions to Answer (from the analysis) What is the fat content of this ration? What is the dry matter content of this ration? How much is the cow expected to consume? What is the cost/day to feed this ration? What is the expected CP of the milk produced? What is the % crude protein of the hay? What is the dry matter of the hay? What is fat content of this ration? What is DM content of this ration? How much is cow expected to consume? -- as fed basis -- DM basis What is cost/day to feed this ration? What is expected CP of milk produced? 3
Possible Skill Activities (Hands-on) Proper Forage & Ration Sampling Analysis Hay Sampling Ration/Silage Sampling Possible Skill Activities (Hands-on) Body Condition Scoring What is the proper scale for Dairy cattle? Know proper BCS for different stages of production and growth Proper assignment of BCS to cows. NebGuide: Sampling Feeds for Analysis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvfwwatdb9o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqt8w7bhfua NebGuide: How to Body Condition Score Dairy Cows https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wasnn_ctcu 4
Dairy Industry Acronyms AA = Amino Acid ADF = Acid Detergent Fiber AF = As-fed BCS = Body Condition Score CF = Crude Fiber CP = Crude Protein DA = Displaced abomasum DHIA = Dairy Herd Information Association DIM = Days in milk DM = Dry Matter DMI = Dry Matter Intake EE = Ether Extract (fat) Mcal = Megacalories, energy NEL = Net Energy, Lactation NDF = Neutral Detergent Fiber Ppm =Parts per million TDN = Total Digestible Nutrients TMR = Total Mixed Ration Questions & Discussion Thank You Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture. The Youth Development program abides with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture. 5