Pathology of the Respiratory System 5: Lung and Thoracic Cavity Shannon Martinson, Jan 2017 http://people.upei.ca/smartinson/ VPM 222 Systemic Pathology
DISORDERS OF THE LUNG Congenital Pigmentary deposition Circulatory Disturbances Inflation disturbances Pneumonia Neoplasia
LUNG PNEUMONIA Examples of Diseases that Cause Granulomatous Pneumonia in Domestic Animals Granulomas / Nodular texture
LUNG GRANULOMATOUS PNEUMONIA HORSE Rhodococcosis Etiology: Rhodococcus equi Respiratory Intestinal Bacteriologic culture
LUNG GRANULOMATOUS PNEUMONIA CAT/DOGS Systemic mycoses Histoplasmosis Blastomyces dermatitides Cryptococcus neoformans / gatti Histoplasma capsulatum Coccidiodes immitis Blastomycosis
LUNG GRANULOMATOUS PNEUMONIA CAT/DOGS Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) Etiology: Mutated Feline enteric coronavirus
LUNG TUMOURS 1 lung tumours are relatively uncommon 2 tumours (metastases) in the lung are common Epithelial Round cell Mesenchymal Carcinoma > Adenoma
LUNG TUMOURS Diagnosis FNA Biopsy
LUNG TUMOURS Pulmonary Carcinoma (primary) Clinical signs: Weight loss Lethargy Dyspnea (effusion) Tachypnea Non productive cough Hemoptysis Wheezing Biopsy
LUNG TUMOURS Pulmonary Carcinoma (primary) In cats pulmonary carcinoma commonly metastasize to the digits* Biopsy
LUNG TUMOURS Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma (Pulmonary Adenomatosis) (Jaagsietke) Etiology: Jaagsietke sheep retrovirus (JRSV) Transmissible retrovirus induced neoplasia of sheep Clinical signs: Weight loss, coughing, respiratory distress Nasal discharge Copious when tilted ** Dr. Marcelo de las Heras, Zaragoza
LUNG TUMOURS Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma (Pulmonary Adenomatosis) (Jaagsietke) Etiology: Jaagsietke sheep retrovirus (JRSV) May look like bronchopneumonia grossly Need histology Histology papillary growths of epithelial cells Dr. Marcelo de las Heras, Zaragoza
LUNG TUMOURS Lung Metastases Mammary carcinoma UNAM
LUNG TUMOURS Lung Metastases Dark masses in the lung 2 main differentials Hemangiosarcoma UNAM-FMZ PATOLOGIA Melanoma
LUNG TUMOURS Lung Metastases Dark masses in the lung 2 main differentials Hemangiosarcoma
THE THORACIC CAVITY Pneumothorax Pleural effusions Neoplasia
THORACIC CAVITY
THORACIC CAVITY
Pneumothorax = Air in the thoracic cavity Lesion atelectasis
Pneumothorax Etiology Punctured lung (rib fracture) Penetrating wound Ruptured emphysematous bullae Ruptured esophagus Idiopathic
Pneumothorax Pneumomediastinum
Pleural Effusions Transudate Lymph Blood Exudate
Pleural Effusions Handbook of Veterinary Cytology, Rebar AH. Purina Thoracocentesis Transudate Hydrothorax Clear fluid, low cellularity and low protein Lymph Chylothorax Milky fluid, lymphocytes and lipid Blood Hemothorax RBCs and protein Exudate Pleuritis Turbid fluid, high cellularity and high protein
Pleural Effusions Transudate Hydrothorax Clear fluid, low cellularity and low protein quizlet.com Lesions: Clear, straw coloured fluid in thorax +/- Atelectasis +/- Pleural fibrosis Chronic pleural irritation
Pleural Effusions Transudate Hydrothorax Clear fluid, low cellularity and low protein Underlying Causes: Congestive heart Hypoproteinemia: failure Starvation Lymphatic obstruction Renal disease Intestinal disease Liver failure quizlet.com
Pleural Effusions Gunshot wound Blood Hemothorax RBCs and protein Birthing trauma Hit by car Lesion: Blood in the thorax Most common causes: Trauma Aneurysm Coagulopathy
Pleural Effusions Blood Hemothorax RBCs and protein Cytology Ruptured aortic aneurysm Lesion: Blood in the thorax Most common causes: Trauma Aneurysm Coagulopathy
Pleural Effusions Lymph Chylothorax Milky fluid, lymphocytes and lipid Lesions: Milky fluid in the thorax Often has fat droplets
Pleural Effusions Lymph Chylothorax Milky fluid, lymphocytes and lipid Underlying cause: Rupture/leaking from a major lymphatic vessel Trauma Iatrogenic (surgery) Neoplasia Idiopathic Increased pressure in the vena cava Heart failure
Pleural Effusions Lymph Chylothorax Milky fluid, lymphocytes and lipid Cytology Image: Dr C Gilroy Image: Dr C Gilroy Triglyceride analysis
Pleural Effusions Exudate Pyothorax/Pleuritis Turbid fluid, high cellularity and high protein Alone or in combination with pneumonia According to exudate: Purulent (suppurative) = Pyothorax Fibrinous Granulomatous Lesions: Cloudy to opaque yellow tinged fluid/viscous exudate in the thorax Often smells bad
Pleural Effusions Exudate Pyothorax/Pleuritis Turbid fluid, high cellularity and high protein Underlying cause: Penetrating trauma with implantation Rupture of the esophagus Rupture of a pulmonary abscess Hematogenous dissemination / Sepsis
Pleural Effusions Exudate Pyothorax/Pleuritis Turbid fluid, high cellularity and high protein Cattle: Mannheimia hemolytica Histophilus somni Cats Pasteurella multocida
Pleural Effusions Dogs and Cats Exudate Pyothorax/Pleuritis Turbid fluid, high cellularity and high protein tomato soup pyothorax
Pleural Effusions Exudate Pyothorax/Pleuritis Turbid fluid, high cellularity and high protein Pigs
Pleural Effusions Exudate Pyothorax/Pleuritis Turbid fluid, high cellularity and high protein Horses
Pleural Effusions Exudate Pyothorax/Pleuritis Turbid fluid, high cellularity and high protein Videos Courtesy of Dr. Marco Lores, AVC VTH
Pleural Effusions Exudate Pyothorax/Pleuritis Cytology Turbid fluid, high cellularity and high protein
Pleural Effusions Exudate Pyothorax/Pleuritis Turbid fluid, high cellularity and high protein Chronic pleuritis typically results in extensive pleural adhesions
Mesothelioma Neoplasia Rare tumour of serosal membranes Malignant tumour Disseminates by implantation Asbestos in humans FMVZ-UNAM