Student View Summary View Diagnostics View Print View with Answers Settings per Student Questions part 1: Keimzellen und Befruchtung Due: 12:00pm on Wednesday, December 7, 2011 Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy Description: (a) Asexual reproduction. Chapter 13 Pre-Test Question 1 Asexual reproduction. The prefix "a-" means "without." requires both meiosis and mitosis produces offspring genetically identical to the parent is limited to single-cell organisms is limited to plants leads to a loss of genetic material Only one individual makes a genetic contribution to the offspring. Chapter 13 Pre-Test Question 2 Description: (a) What number and types of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell? What number and types of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell? Somatic cells are diploid. 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome 45 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome n chromosomes 21 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes 1 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
Human somatic cells contain 22 pairs of autosomes and either two X chromosomes (in females) or an X and a Y chromosome (in males). Chapter 13 Question 3 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Which of the following defines a genome? Which of the following defines a genome? a karyotype representation of a complete set of a cell's polypeptides the complete set of an organism's genes the complete set of a species' polypeptides the complete set of an organism's polypeptides Chapter 13 Pre-Test Question 5 Description: (a) How are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other? How are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other? Which type of chromosomes are identical copies and which are similar? They are not different. Homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids are both identical copies of each other. Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication. Homologous chromosomes are identical copies of each other. One sister chromatid comes from the father, and one comes from the mother. Homologous chromosomes are closely associated with each other in both mitosis and meiosis. Sister chromatids are only associated with each other during mitosis. Sister chromatids are only formed during mitosis. Homologous chromosomes are formed during meiosis. 2 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
One homologous chromosome comes from the father, and the other comes from the mother. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other. Chapter 13 Question 2 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction? Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction? Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of plants and fungi. In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit 50% of their genes to each of their offspring. In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilization without meiosis. Sexual reproduction requires that parents be diploid. Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring. Chapter 13 Question 6 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations II. Meiosis III. Fertilizati... Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations II. Meiosis III. Fertilization IV. Gametes V. Spores II, III, and IV I, IV, and V I, II, III, IV, and V I, II, and IV II, IV, and V 3 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
Chapter 13 Question 7 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Which of these statements is false? Which of these statements is false? In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY). At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. Sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization. Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote. In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome. Chapter 13 Question 15 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Which of the following can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances? Which of the following can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances? any diploid animal cell an archaebacterium a plantlike protist a haploid animal cell a diploid cell from a plant stem Chapter 13 Question 44 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis ]] (a) Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure to answer the following question. In part III of the figure, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series? 4 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure to answer the following question. In part III of the figure, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series? zygote, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis gametophyte, meiosis, zygote, spores, sporophyte, zygote fertilization, mitosis, multicellular haploid, mitosis, spores, sporophyte sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization meiosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis, adult, meiosis Chapter 13 Pre-Test Question 6 Description: (a) Mitosis results in the formation of how many cells; meiosis results in the formation of how many cells? Mitosis results in the formation of how many cells; meiosis results in the formation of how many cells? Consider the different functions of mitosis and meiosis. four diploid cells... four haploid cells 5 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
two diploid cells... two diploid cells two diploid cells... four haploid cells four haploid cells... two diploid cells two diploid cells... two haploid cells In mitosis a cell that has doubled its genetic material divides to produce two diploid daughter cells. In meiosis a cell that has doubled its genetic material undergoes two rounds of division, producing four haploid cells. Chapter 13 Pre-Test Question 7 Description: (a) Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? Think about the different purposes and end products of mitosis and meiosis. Chromosomes condense. Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles. Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate. A spindle apparatus forms. Synapsis occurs. The pairing of homologous chromosomes that only occurs during prophase I of meiosis is called synapsis. Description: (a) What is crossing over? Chapter 13 Pre-Test Question 8 What is crossing over? Crossing over occurs during prophase I. a direct consequence of the separation of sister chromatids 6 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
also referred to as the "independent assortment of chromosomes" making an RNA copy of a DNA strand the movement of genetic material from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome the exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids The result is new combinations of genetic material (genetic recombination). Chapter 13 Question 10 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation ]] (a) The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of... The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following? either anaphase I or II metaphase I of one meiotic event telophase II of one meiotic event mitosis in her ovary telophase I of one meiotic event Chapter 13 Question 14 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis ]] (a) If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents? If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents? It is identical in content to another cell from the same meiosis. It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. It has the same number of chromosomes but each of them has different alleles than another cell from the same meiosis. 7 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the originating cell. It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell. Chapter 13 Question 20 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis ]] (a) How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis? How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis? They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. Chapter 13 Question 25 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? production of daughter cells condensation of chromatin synapsis of chromosomes alignment of chromosomes at the equator chromosome replication Chapter 13 Question 27 8 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation ]] (a) Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties? Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties? They must be removed before sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes can separate. They must be removed before meiosis can begin. They must reattach to chromosomes during G1. They must be intact for nuclear envelope re-formation. They must persist throughout the cell cycle. Chapter 13 Pre-Test Question 9 Description: (a) Genetic variation occurs when chromosomes are shuffled in fertilization and what other process?. Genetic variation occurs when chromosomes are shuffled in fertilization and what other process?. Consider how mitosis and meiosis differ. mutation genetic drift natural selection meiosis mitosis Variation is produced as a result of independent assortment and crossing over. Chapter 13 Misconception Question 2 9 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
Look at the cell in the figure. Based on this figure, which of the following statements is true? This cell is diploid. It is impossible to tell whether the cell is haploid or diploid. This cell is haploid. This is correct. Read Concept 13.2 and continue to Question 3, below. Chapter 13 Misconception Question 3 What is the best evidence telling you whether this cell is diploid or haploid? 10 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
The cell is diploid because each chromosome consists of two chromatids. The cell is diploid because it contains two sets of chromosomes. The cell is haploid because the chromosomes are not found in pairs. Correct! Only diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes, one maternal and one paternal. Read about diploid cells in Concept 13.2. Chapter 13 Misconception Question 4 This chromosome has two chromatids, joined at the centromere. What process led to the formation of the two chromatids? The two chromatids were formed by fertilization, bringing together maternal and paternal chromatids. The two chromatids were formed by synapsis and the formation of a synaptonemal complex. The two chromatids were formed by replication of the DNA within a single chromatid. Correct! Read Concept 13.2. Chapter 13 Misconception Question 5 11 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
Two sister chromatids are joined at the centromere prior to meiosis. Which statement is correct? The cell that contains these sister chromatids must be diploid. These chromatids make up a diploid chromosome. Barring mutation, the two sister chromatids must be identical. Yes, this is correct. Unless there are replication errors known as mutations, DNA replication and chromosome duplication produce a chromosome consisting of two genetically identical chromatids. Read Concept 13.2. Chapter 46 Pre-Test Question 2 Description: (a) Sexual reproduction includes a reproductive pattern called. Sexual reproduction includes a reproductive pattern called. Consider which of these requires two individuals. hermaphroditism budding fragmentation fission regeneration In hermaphroditism a single individual produces both sperm and ova; although some individuals fertilize themselves, most must mate with another member of the same species. Chapter 46 Pre-Test Question 6 Description: (a) The "reproductive handicap" for sexual reproduction refers to. The "reproductive handicap" for sexual reproduction refers to. Contrast the genetic results of asexual and sexual reproduction. the need to provide energy for the offspring 12 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
diluted genetic investment in offspring the difficulty of finding mates the need for maturation prior to reproduction dependence on hormonal cycles A female undergoing asexual reproduction would have offspring that have 100% of her genes, whereas a sexually reproducing female typically passes only 50% of her genetic material to her offspring. Chapter 46 Question 4 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Genetic mutations in asexually reproducing organisms lead to more evolutionary change than do genetic mutations in sexually reproducing ones because... Genetic mutations in asexually reproducing organisms lead to more evolutionary change than do genetic mutations in sexually reproducing ones because sexually reproducing organisms can produce more offspring in a given time than can sexually reproducing organisms. asexually reproducing organisms, but not sexually reproducing organisms, pass all mutations on to their offspring. asexually reproducing organisms devote more time and energy to the process of reproduction than do sexually reproducing organisms. more genetic variation is present in organisms that reproduce asexually than is present in those that reproduce sexually. asexually reproducing organisms have more dominant genes than organisms that reproduce sexually. Chapter 46 Question 5 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation ]] (a) Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when... Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings. there is some potential for rapid overpopulation. 13 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
pathogens are rapidly diversifying. a species is in stable and favorable environments. a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations. Chapter 46 Question 6 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Sexual reproduction patterns include the example of... Sexual reproduction patterns include the example of hermaphroditism. fission. parthenogenesis. fragmentation. budding. Chapter 46 Pre-Test Question 8 Description: (a) In humans, oogenesis in comparison to spermatogenesis is different in that. In humans, oogenesis in comparison to spermatogenesis is different in that. Think of the products and timing of the stages of meiosis in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. oocyte production works best at cooler temperatures than those that support spermatogenesis oogenesis continues throughout life, but spermatogenesis typically ends at age 55 years female puberty typically occurs much later than the age of male puberty oogenesis does not complete meiosis until after fertilization, but spermatogenesis is complete before the sperm leave the body the names and chemical identities of the pituitary hormones are completely different between males and females This is true. The second division is completed only after a sperm penetrates the egg. But is this 14 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
the only correct answer? Chapter 46 Question 14 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Animals with reproduction dependent on internal fertilization need not have... Animals with reproduction dependent on internal fertilization need not have behavioral interaction between males and females. any copulatory organs. haploid gametes. a receptacle that receives sperm. internal development of embryos. Chapter 46 Question 35 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis ]] (a) In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that... In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born. oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth. oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis begins during embryonic development. cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis. oogenesis produces four haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon. Chapter 46 Question 36 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis ]] (a) Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that they... 15 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that they are approximately the same size. both have the same number of chromosomes. each have a flagellum that provides motility. are produced from puberty until death. are formed before birth. Chapter 46 Pre-Test Question 9 Description: (a) The anatomical location for the typical union of a sperm and an egg (conception) is the. The anatomical location for the typical union of a sperm and an egg (conception) is the. Think about where the egg goes at the point of ovulation. oviducts clitoris vagina uterus ovaries Ovulation releases the eggs into the abdominal cavity, where they are swept into the oviduct. Chapter 46 Question 44 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) A primary response by the Leydig cells in the testes to the presence of luteinizing hormone is an increase in the synthesis and secretion of... A primary response by the Leydig cells in the testes to the presence of luteinizing hormone is an increase in the synthesis and secretion of 16 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
oxytocin. progesterone. inhibin. testosterone. prolactin. Chapter 46 Question 53 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) For normal human fertilization to occur,... For normal human fertilization to occur, only one sperm need penetrate one egg. the secondary oocyte must implant in the uterus. the uterus must be enlarged. many ova must be released. secretion of pituitary FSH and LH must decrease. Chapter 46 Question 54 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Fertilization of human eggs usually takes place in the... Fertilization of human eggs usually takes place in the oviduct. cervix. uterus. ovary. vagina. Chapter 46 Question 7 17 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis ]] (a) For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis? For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis? meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete different cell types produced by meiosis gametes produced in a given time period functional gametes produced by meiosis interruptions in meiotic divisions Chapter 46 Misconception Question 1 Select the correct statement about reproduction and eukaryotic life cycles. In all eukaryotic life cycles, the products of meiosis are gametes. Some animal adults are haploid. Animal reproduction is exclusively sexual. Yes, that is correct. Although the great majority of adult animals are diploid, a few (such as male honeybees or drones) are haploid. Read about parthenogenesis in Concept 46.1. Chapter 46 Misconception Question 2 What is the fundamental difference between male and female vertebrates? A plant seed and a bird egg Male and female vertebrates are genetically distinct. Males produce many, motile gametes and females produce few, stationary gametes. Correct! Read about this fundamental difference in Concept 46.1. Chapter 47 Pre-Test Question 2 18 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
Description: (a) Among the following, the earliest consequence of the acrosomal reaction is. Among the following, the earliest consequence of the acrosomal reaction is. The acrosomal reaction begins as a result of sperm-binding receptors on the egg binding to proteins on the sperm. the cortical reaction the slow block to polyspermy the development of the fertilization envelope cleavage the membrane of the egg depolarizing Fusion of the membranes of the egg and sperm causes membrane depolarization, known as the "fast" block to polyspermy, i.e., the prevention of additional sperm binding to the egg. Chapter 47 Question 4 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Contact of a sperm with signal molecules in the coat of an egg causes the sperm to undergo... Contact of a sperm with signal molecules in the coat of an egg causes the sperm to undergo vitellogenesis. mitosis. apoptosis. the acrosomal reaction. depolarization. Chapter 47 Question 6 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) The formation of the fertilization membrane requires an increase in the availability of... 19 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
The formation of the fertilization membrane requires an increase in the availability of bicarbonate ions. calcium ions. hydrogen ions. potassium ions. sodium ions. Chapter 47 Question 15 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) The cortical reaction functions directly in the... The cortical reaction functions directly in the generation of a nerve-like impulse by the egg cell. fusion of egg and sperm nuclei. production of a fast block to polyspermy. formation of a fertilization envelope. release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm cell. Chapter 47 Question 17 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) In an egg cell treated with EDTA, a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions, the... In an egg cell treated with EDTA, a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions, the zygote would not contain maternal and paternal chromosomes. fast block to polyspermy would not occur. fusion of sperm and egg nuclei would be blocked. acrosomal reaction would be blocked. fertilization envelope would not be formed. Chapter 47 Question 19 20 von 21 21.12.11 09:06
Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) Fertilization normally... Fertilization normally reinstates diploidy. merges two diploid cells into one haploid cell. follows gastrulation. precedes ovulation. is required for parthenogenesis. Chapter 47 Question 20 Description: [[Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension ]] (a) In mammalian eggs, the receptors for sperm are found in the... In mammalian eggs, the receptors for sperm are found in the mitochondria of the egg. cytosol of the egg. fertilization membrane. zona pellucida. nucleus of the egg. Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 0%. You received 0 out of a possible total of 45 points. 21 von 21 21.12.11 09:06