Bio 101 Laboratories 11 & 12 Muscle Histology Gross Human Skeletal Muscle Cat Muscle Dissection 1 What you should do in labs 11 & 12 Lab 11 Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy Lab 12 Cat muscle dissection Review muscle histology Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy 2 Histology of Muscle Tissue Three types of muscle tissue you will need to view under the microscope Skeletal Cardiac w/intercalated disc Smooth ( histological preparation) See Activity 3 & 4, Exercise 6 in Marieb s Lab Manual; Muscle Tissue Characteristics Complete item #19 (table), Review Sheet 6 (in Exercise 6). This will give you a good comparison table to study for the lab exam (you don t have to hand this in) 3 1
Skeletal Muscle Major characteristics Contractile Voluntary Striated Multinucleated Unbranched Major Functions Voluntary movement Heat generation 4 Skeletal Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, multinucleated, non-branched 5 Cardiac Muscle Major characteristics Contractile Involuntary Striated Single nucleus Branched Intercalated discs Major Function Pump blood 6 2
Cardiac Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, mononucleated, branched, and has intercalated disks 7 Smooth Muscle Major characteristics Contractile Involuntary NOT Striated Single, centrally located nucleus Unbranched Major Function Controls size/shape of organs Constricts blood vessels 8 Smooth Muscle Cytology Notice that this tissue is: Not striated, mononucleated, and non-branched Histology 9 3
Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy Use Figures 13.2 3and 13.3 in Marieb s Exercise 13 for an overview. Look at your Study Guide for a list of the muscles for which you ll be responsible on the lab exam Also refer to the Human Muscle Table in your Laboratory Guide for the muscles you ll have to be able to identify for the lab exam. Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup, in Marieb s Laboratory Manual to view the superficial anatomy of the human skeletal muscles. (Especially important for clinical practice) 10 Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy Muscular system All skeletal muscles that can be controlled voluntarily Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans Shape or appearance give clues to function Locomotion and posture; work across joints Origin point of muscle attachment that moves least Insertion point of muscle attachment that moves most Support soft tissue; sheets between bony tissue Guard body entrances/exits; encircle opening 11 How Skeletal Muscles Are Named Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles Direction Orientation relative to body midline Rectus, transverse, oblique Size Relative size of muscle Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus, vastus Shape Relative shape of muscle Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid 12 4
How Skeletal Muscles Are Named Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles Action Principle action Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator Number of origins Number of tendons of origin Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4) Location Temporalis, femoris Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in name) Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid 13 Muscles of the Head Notice how the origins and insertions work http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/menu.html Also see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle 14 Muscles of the Upper Body 15 5
Muscles of the Upper Body 16 Muscles of the upper limb 17 Muscles of the Anterior Forearm 18 6
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm 19 Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 20 Muscles that Move the Foot 21 7
Muscles that Move the Foot 22 Cat Dissection Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 of Marieb s Laboratory Manual. Use the Cat Dissection Guideline handout distributed today; using the scalpel, blunt probe and gloved fingers Refer to your Laboratory Guide handout for a list of the cat muscles you ll need to identify for the lab exam. Note: Some muscles are superficial and some are deep It s best to do superficial dissection on one side of the cat, and deep dissection on the other Do NOT under any circumstances cut through the thoracic or abdominal walls! When cutting muscles (if you do), always cut them across their long axis 23 Tibialis anterior Gracilis External oblique Pectoralis minor Pectoantebrachialis Gastrocnemius Sartorius Xiphihumeralis Pectoralis major 24 8
Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus External oblique Sartorius Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae ventralis Spinotrapezius Clavotrapezius Biceps femoris Tensor fasciae latae Gluteal muscles Lumbodorsal fascia Acromiotrapezius Spinodeltoid Clavodeltoid Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid 25 Digastric muscles Mylohyoid Sternohyoid Sternomastoid Clavotrapezius ID neck muscles by photograph only 26 Pectoantebrachialis Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis Pectoralis major 27 9
Pectoralis Pectoantebrachialis major Pectoralis Xiphihumeralis minor External oblique Rectus abdominis 28 Pectoantebrachialis Latissimus dorsi Xiphihumeralis 29 External oblique (cut and reflected) Internal oblique Rectus abdominis Transversus abdominis 30 10
Pectoantebrachialis Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis Serratus ventralis (anterior) 31 Lumbodorsal fascia Latissimus dorsi Acromiotrapezius Spinotrapezius Clavotrapezius Clavodeltoid Levator scapulae ventralis Spinodeltoid Acromiodeltoid 32 Acromiotrapezius Spinotrapezius Clavotrapezius Latissimus dorsi Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius 33 11
Clavotrapezius Levator scapulae ventralis Acromiotrapezius Clavodeltoid Acromiodeltoid Spinodeltoid Spinotrapezius Latissimus dorsi Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid 34 Brachioradialis Pronator teres Biceps brachii Triceps brachii (medial head) 35 Flexor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum profundus Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Pronator teres Biceps brachii Epitrochlearis Triceps brachii 36 12
Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor carpi radialis Epitrochlearis Pronator teres Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus 37 Extensor digitorum communis Extensor digitorum lateralis Extensor carpi ulnaris Brachioradialis Triceps brachii (lateral head) Spinodeltoid Triceps brachii (long head) Acromiodeltoid Extensor carpi radialis longus Clavodeltoid Clavotrapezius 38 Brachioradialis Clavodeltoid Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads) 39 13
Sartorius Gracilis 40 Adductor longus Adductor femoris Semimembranosus Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Pectineus Tensor fasciae Rectus latae femoris Fascia lata 41 Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor femoris Vastus medialis Semimembranosus 42 14
Tibialis anterior Gastrocnemius Plantaris Flexor digitorum longus 43 Flexor digitorum longus Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior 44 Biceps femoris Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus medius Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Gluteus maximus Caudofemoralis 45 15
Gluteus medius Caudofemoralis Gluteus maximus Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus 46 Gastrocnemius Extensor digitorum longus Soleus Fibularis muscles 47 Remaining Labs for Semester Lab 13 Nervous System Human Brain, Spinal Cord Marieb Exercise 17,19 Sheep brain - Marieb Exercise 17 Lab 14 Eye Anatomy Marieb Exercise 23 Ear Anatomy Marieb Exercise 25 (We will not be doing any physiology on special senses in lab) Lab Exam 3 - Fri Lab Friday, 12/5 @ 8:30 am - Monday Lab Monday 12/8 @ 8:30 am 48 16