VCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION WORKBOOK UNIT 1 BODIES IN MOTION NAME:
SKELETAL SYSTEM List the 5 functions of the skeletal system and complete the following table. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION Label the following features on the diagram below; Periosteum, Marrow, Spongy Bone, Compact Bone, Blood vessels. Why are babies bones so flexible? List two food sources for that provide high amounts of the following vitamins and minerals. VITAMIN/MINERAL FOOD SOURCE
What is the most affective activity for the health of your skeletal system? Give 5 examples of these types of activities that increase bone density. What is osteoporosis? How can it delayed? be Complete following BONE TYPE the table. DESCRIPTION DRAWING
Humerus Tarsals Pelvis Ulna Cranium Vertebral Column Tibia Metatarsals Fibula Phalanges Radius Clavicle Carpals Mandible Sternum Patella (knee cap) Ribs Femur Metacarpals Phalanges
Scapula Tarsals Pelvis Ulna Cranium Mandible Tibia Carpals Fibula Femur Radius Clavicle Vertebral Column Humerus VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Coccyx Lumbar Curve Sacrum Cervical Curve Intervertebral Discs Thoracic Curve How many are contained curve? Cervical Curve Thoracic Curve Lumbar Curve Sacrum Coccyx vertebrae in that What travels hollow the vertebral down the section of column? MUSCULAR SYSTEM How many muscles are there in the body? What are the three main functions of muscles? MUSCLE TYPE DESCRIPTION APPEARANCE
All of these muscles work together to perform a wide variety of tasks; however each individual muscle is actually only capable of only two movements &. CONNECTIVE TISSUES DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
Gastrocnemius Wrist Flexors Tibialis Anterior Hamstrings Trapezius Deltoid Rhomboids Biceps Pectoralis Major Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Maximus Rectus Abdominis Triceps Sternocleidomastoid Quadriceps Wrist Extensors Soleus Obliques Achillies Tendon
For each of the following muscles, describe an action in a sport that uses that particular muscle. MUSCLE ACTION Quadriceps Hamstrings Biceps Triceps Deltoid Rectus Abdominals Gastrocnemius Wrist Flexors ORIGINS & INSERTIONS What are known as muscle origins? What are known as muscle insertions?
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS Correctly label the following images: JOINTS OF THE BODY JOINTS MOVEMENT EXAMPLE
List the characteristics of the a Synovial Joint SYNOVIAL JOINT DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
Label the following joints: MOVEMENTS OF THE BODY MOVEMENTS DESCRIPTION IMAGE
Test your knowledge Match the movements with the correct descriptions. Rotation Movement of the ankle so the foot points down. Adduction A rotation of the sole of the foot outwards. Inversion Body part moves in a cone (circle) shape. Circumduction Rotation of the forearm, which causes the palm to face up. Abduction Angle of the joint in increased. Plantarflexion A rotation of the sole of the foot inwards.
Extension Movement of the ankle so the foot points up. Pronation A body part in moved towards the midline of the body. Supination A body part is moved either outwards or inwards on an axis. Flexion Rotation of the forearm which causes the palm to face down. Eversion A body part in moved away from the midline of the body. Dorsiflexion Angle of the joint decreased. MUSCLE FIBRES Our muscles consist of two fibre types; twitch and twitch. Our percentage of each one is determined by our &. CHARACTERISTICS FAST TWITCH SLOW TWITCH Colour Size Force available Oxygen supply Speed of contraction Genetic inheritance Fatigability Hypertrophy potential Ability to change from FT to ST fibres and vice versa Changes of one person having the same fibre type throughout Why are males generally stronger than females? When are our muscles at their strongest point? For the following sports, list the muscle fibre type that you would use the most. SPORT Javelin Marathon Run MUSCLE FIBRE TYPE
100m Sprint Cross Country Skiing 1500m Swim Golf Swing Netball Goal Shooter Netball Centre AFL Full Forward AFL Rover TYPES OF CONTRACTIONS CONTRACTION DESCRIPTION List and describe the two types of Isotonic contractions. CLASSROOM LABORATORY Perform several sit-ups. 1. Where were your abdominal muscles working the hardest? Hold your body the plank position for 20 30 seconds. 2. Is there tension in your muscles? EXAMPLE
3. Was there any movement? 4. Which exercise was isotonic and which was isometric? Why? Perform 5 push-ups. 5. What types of contraction occur during the upward & downward phase? Push against the wall and hold for 30 seconds. 6. Could you maintain the same force for the entire 30 seconds? 7. What type of contraction is this? 8. Why does this type of contraction produce greater muscle gains than the others? NERVOUS CONTROL Describe the path taken by impulses from the brain to the muscles. BRAIN
MUSCLE MUSCULOSKELETAL GLOSSARY Acetylcholine Agonist/Antagonist Anterior & Posterior Abduction & Adduction Cardiac Muscle Cartilage Compact bone Flat bones Flexion & Extension Haemoglobin
Irregular bones Isokinetic Isometric Isotonic Ligaments Long bones Medial & Lateral Directions Muscle fibres Muscle Origins & Insertions Myofibril Osteoporosis
Pennation Proximal & Distal Reciprocal Inhibition Red blood cells Sarcomere Short bones Smooth Muscle Stabiliser Synovial Joints Tendons
Vertebrae MUSCULOSKELETAL REVISION 1. List the 5 main functions of the skeletal system. 2. List 4 different types of bones in skeletal system. Give an example for each. 3. Refer to the Vertebral Column for the following questions; a. List the four main sections of the spine. b. How many vertebrae are there in each section? c. What is the main function of the vertebral column? d. Which major muscles surround the spine? e. Discuss some effects that these muscles exert on the spine.
4. 5. What are the main vitamins that affect the health of the skeletal system and name their source? What role does exercise play in skeletal health during your life? 6. Find a partner and ask them the location of 10 different muscles in the body. Get them do the same to you and write your score here: 7. Find a partner and ask them 10 different movements the body can make. Get them do the same to you and write your score here: 8. What is the man function of the muscular system? 9. Name and describe the three types of muscles. 10. For the following sports state whether the athlete uses mainly slow or fast twitch muscle fibres or a combination. Weight-lifting Athletics, Long Jumper Tour de France Athletics, Decathlete Soccer Goal-Keeping Tennis Hockey, Forward Sprint Cycling Netball, Wing Attack Basketball, Centre
AFL, Centre Half Forward 11. Water Polo Study the image to the right and answer the following questions: Classify the joint where movement is occurring. List & label the seven 7 bones present in image. Label the 2 muscles present. What types of movement can place at this joint? Which type of contraction is occurring? Why?