COPD, Pneumonia & Influenza, Accidents, Diabetes Chapter 7
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD 4 th leading cause of death in the U.S. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Any chronic conditions that lead to permanent airflow obstruction in the lungs Most common contributing behavior associated with COPD is SMOKING!!! Chronic exposure to air pollution Viral infections
3 Primary Chronic lung diseases Chronic bronchitis A prolonged irritation of the moist linings of the lungs. Asthma A hypersensitivity to various allergens Emphysema The destruction of the alveoli of the lungs. air sac in lung: a tiny thin-walled air sac found in large numbers in each lung, through which oxygen enters and carbon dioxide leaves the blood
Bronchitis Is an inflammation of the main air passages to the lungs. May be acute or chronic. The symptoms of either type of bronchitis may include: Chest discomfort Cough that produces mucus; if it's yellow-green, you are more likely to have a bacterial infection Fatigue Fever -- usually low Shortness of breath worsened by exertion or mild activity Wheezing Consistently higher % of females than males.
Bronchitis
Emphysema The most common pulmonary disease Means over inflation The lungs become filled with stale air high in carbon dioxide. This are cannot be exhaled to allow oxygen to enter. The patient experiences a suffocating feeling from the inability to breathe. Males with emphysema outnumber females by more than 54%.
Emphysema http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=2zupnv_d_nc&safe=active
Statistics 2 million Americans in the US have emphysema. Males outnumber females by 54% Greatest precursor to this condition is smoking.
Ashtma About 20% of the U.S. population suffer from Asthma. An inflammation of the airways that results in wheezing and shortness of breath. Most common chronic disease among children. Asthma Deaths have increased at least 50% since 1982. Reasons: increased air pollution, airtight homes, windowless offices, more exposure to pollens, cat dander, cigarette smoke, marijuana, & cockroach allergen & dust mites.
Influenza Influenza or FLU is a viral, respiratory illness. Symptoms: Sudden onset of fever, muscle aches, congestion, runny nose, cough, sore throat, and general fatigue. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. TRANSMISSION: airborne in enclosed spaces. Droplet spread.. Can live for hours Immunization: http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=tikuexodtjs&safe=active
Pneumonia Causes an inflammation of the lungs and fills the air chambers with fluid. Both viral & bacterial Double pneumonia in both lungs. Symptoms: Fever, shortness of breath, cough, & general weakness.
Unintentional Injuries http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=s5lqubexikw&safe=active Motor Vehicle Accidents Bicycle Accidents Motorcycles Recreational Vehicles Falls
Cont Poisoning Drowning Fire Burns Occupational Accidents Injuries with consumer products (pg 190)
Traffic Accidents Major contributors: Alcohol Speed Roadway conditions wet roads, bad tires Driver error 85% of all motor vehicle accidents is contributed to human error. 50% contributed to alcohol.
Prevention Factors Air Bags: spread out the impact of a crash. Seatbelts: estimated that 12,000 15,000 fewer people would die each year in the US alone. Child safety seat laws A 21 year old drinking age
Bicycle Accidents Each year approximately 530 children and 430 adults die from bike accidents. BUT, 443,000 children and 115,000 adults are treated in emergency rooms for injuries. Brain injury the primary cause of death Prevention Measures: Helmets Paths away from the road
Falls The second leading cause of accidental death in America. Most falls occur in the home. Slipping on water or ice, electrical cords, ladders, stairs, trees, etc
Workplace injuries Every five seconds a worker is injured in the US. Most common back and hand injuries. Every 10 seconds a worker is disabled.
Consumer Product Safety Act 1972 Congress passed this Act. A reasonable amount of assurance that a product is safe and reliable. Not Covered by the Act. Tobacco products Motor vehicles Aircraft Boats Foods, drugs, and cosmetics
Prevention Training the host safety education Engineering Improvements Modifying the environment Studies show that people who act to protect themselves against accidents by wearing seat belts, etc live 11 years longer on the average.
Diabetes The body doesn t make insulin, the body doesn t make enough insulin, or the body doesn t use insulin properly. Type I mainly occurring in children and adolescents 18 yrs. and younger. The body does not produce insulin so insulin has to be administered to sustain life. Type II the body becomes unable to use its own insulin effectively.
Symptoms Excessive thirst Increased urination Hunger Tire easily Wounds heal slowly Blurred vision
Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes produce little or no insulin and require insulin injections. (a viral infection within the insulin-producing cells, resulting in the inability to produce insulin.) Glucose absorbed after a meal Pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin High levels of glucose develop in the blood Body cells can t take up glucose Damage to blood vessels
Type 2 Diabetes Found primarily in people over age 40. Strongly linked to genetic factors. Develop a resistance to insulin Linked strongly to obesity Almost 80% of Type 2 diabetes are overweight at the time of diagnosis.
Preventing and Controlling the Effects of Diabetes Maintaining normal weight Exercising regularly Not smoking Maintaining blood pressure levels or treating high blood pressure Maintaining normal blood lipid levels Eating a low-fat, high-fiber diet