REQUERIMIENTO 2: EQUINOS Human Ruminant Equine Stomach 30% 70% 9-10% Sm. Intestine 33% 19% 30% Cecum 7% 3% 16% Lg. Intestine 30% 7% 45% Comparación digestiva
Digestión Fermentable Fiber Fat Large Intestine Digestible Carbohydrate Stomach Small Intestine Fatty Acids Glucose Fat Glycogen Volatile Fatty Acids
Dieta balanceada - Agua Forage Concentrate Grain Supplements Essential for all body functions Temperature regulation Feed digestion Amount of water intake Level of exercise Ambient temperature Quality of feeds in ration Proportion of diet that is forage Minimum 1 gallon/100 lbs BW/day
Maintenance: basic requirements of life Growth: youngest has highest requirements Gestation: last three months Lactation: first three months Work : depends on activity: Light - western and English pleasure, trail riding, equitation, hacking Moderate - dressage, ranch work, roping, cutting, barrel racing, jumping Intense - race training, polo, cutting, Geriatric REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Categorías
Mantenimiento Size: body weight Environment Individual digestive & metabolic efficiency Dry matter intake: 1.5% of the BW Most -energy requirements are met with forage alone
Muscle Glycogen Blood Glucose REQUERIMIENTO de EQUINOS Fuente de energía para el desempeño Anaerobic Glycolysis Pyruvate Lactate Creatine Phosphate Myokinase and CPK Reactions ATP Free-Fatty Acids Lipolysis Oxidative Metabolism CO 2 and Water Oxygen
Energía requerida Activity Examples DE (Mcal/d) Maintenance Pasture 16 Light work Pleasure riding 20 Moderate work Reining, jumping 24 Intense work Racing, endurance 32
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http://nrc88.nas.edu/nrh/ TRABAJO: HACER UNA FORMULA PARA LOS EQUINOS DE LA FACULTAD EN BASE A SUS REQUERIMIENTOS
Calculo del peso corporal CABALLOS ADULTOS: P.V. (kg) = 4.3*P.T. (cm) + 3*A.C. (cm) 785 CABALLOS DE MENOS DE CUATRO AÑOS: P.V. (kg) = 4.5*P.T. (cm) 370 Fuente = I.N.R.A. (Francia) P.V. = peso vivo P.T. = perímetro torácico A.C. = alzada de la cruz
Fuentes de Energía Hydrolysable CHO Sugars & starches Create intes8nal ph & risk of colic Fermentable CHO Beet pulp or soy hulls glycogen usage Fat 3X the energy concentration of CHO Creates higher energy feed Protein (minimal usage)
Suplementacion de grasa l Why Use It For Performance Horses? l Energy from fat is 90% utilizable l Fat heat of fermentation l Fat glycogen storage prior to race l l Fat buildup of lactic acid during intense exercise Fat fatigue l Natural horse diets contain < 3-4% fat l l High Fat sweet feeds contain 6-10% fat Fat Supplements l Vegetable Oil (most common 99% fat) l Rice Bran (very palatable 20% fat) l Animal tallow (not palatable)
Suplementación de grasa No gall bladder Max ~20% in total diet 1100 lb horse can digest 17.5 oz of fat (Just over 2 cups) If adding fat to existing diet, need to rebalance other nutrients (i.e. vitamin E (200 IU/cup of added oil) Add 6-10 weeks before performance. Hay requirement Feed at least 50% of total ration as forage (pasture &/or hay) Preferably high quality grass hay or alfalfa/grass mix Exercising horses do not need high levels of protein More important quality of protein Horses should be fed to meet their immediate needs I.e. cut grain on rest days If stalled, overfeeding can stocking up or colic
Crecimiento Goals Maximize genetic potential for growth Sound musculos keletal system Nutrient balance is important Requires higher quality feeds Growth rate & age determines requirements Growing till reach 30 months
Gestación: potro Provision of nutrients for: Fetal growth & development Produccion de leche: Daily Milk Production (lbs) 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 15 30 45 60 90 120 150 Time (days) Last 3 month of gestation: 60 % foals weight Mare needs to gain 0.3 0.8 lb/d
Yegua: Consumo de alimento (como % del peso vivo) Mare status Forage Concentrate Total Early pregnancy 1.5-2.0 0-0.5 1.5-2.0 Late pregnancy 1.0-1.5 0.5-1.0 1.5-2.0 Early lactation 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0 Late lactation 1.0-2.0 0.5-1.5 2.0-2.5 Adding concentrate to late pregnancy mares accounts for limited energy & acclimates microbes Allow 1 wk to 10 d for mares to adjust to intake changes Heavy milkers may require as much as 1.75-2.0% of BW in concentrate feed/day
Geriátricos Fiber digestion decreases Ability to manufacture or absorb certain vitamins decrease B vitamins Vitamin C Decreased kidney function Calcium stones may build up Decreased liver function Jaundice, weight loss, lethargy, loss of appetite, intolerance for fat and protein in diet