Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland

Similar documents
1. Thyroxine (inactive form) also called T4 (90% of the secretion). 2. Triiodothyronine (active form) also called T3 (10% of the secretion).

THYROID & PARATHYROID. By Prof. Saeed Abuel Makarem & Dr. Sanaa Al-Sharawy

Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

DEVELOPMENT & STRUCTURE OF THYROID GLAND DR TATHEER ZAHRA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ANATOMY

Thyroid gland. importance. relations and connections. external laryngeal nerves. malformations.

Lecture 01. The Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands. By: Dr Farooq Khan PMC Date: 12 th March. 2018

OBJECTIVE: To obtain a fundamental knowledge of the root of the neck with respect to structure and function

Lies in front and sides of the neck. Consists of two lobe connected anterior to the trachea by an isthmus.

Neck-2. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology

Anterior triangle of neck

Surgical anatomy of thyroid and parathyroid glands

Part Ten: Thyroid / Parathyroid. Chapter 133: Anatomy. Daniel O. Graney, Ronald C. Hamaker. Development of the Thyroid Gland

The Neck the lower margin of the mandible above the suprasternal notch and the upper border of the clavicle

Clinical Anatomy of the Thyroid and Adrenal Glands

The Neck. BY: Lina Abdullah & Rahaf Jreisat

Anatomy: head and Neck (6 questions) 1. Prevertebral Flexor Musculature (lying in front of the vertebrae) include all, EXCEPT: Longus Colli.

The Pharynx. Dr. Nabil Khouri MD. MSc, Ph.D

Morphology of the endocrine glands. Done by : Areej Al-Hadidi

Chapter 28: The neck. Fascia of the neck

Veins of the Face and the Neck

Right lung. -fissures:

Larynx. Rudimentary. Behind the posterior surface : -stylopharyngeus - salpingopharyngeus -platopharyngeus

Mediastinum and pericardium

SCHOOL OF ANATOMICAL SCIENCES Mock Run Questions. 4 May 2012

Advanced Anatomy of the Neck

Posterior Triangle of the Neck By Prof. Dr. Muhammad Imran Qureshi

Dr. Weyrich G07: Superior and Posterior Mediastina. Reading: 1. Gray s Anatomy for Students, chapter 3

Clinical Anatomy of the Endocrine System HYPOPTHALAMUS; HYPOPHYSIS; PINEAL GLAND

Thyroidectomy. Siu Kwan Ng. Modified Radical Neck Dissection Type II 47

Spinal nerves and cervical plexus Prof. Abdulameer Al Nuaimi. E mail: a.al E. mail:

For the following questions, indicate the letter that corresponds to the SINGLE MOST APPROPRIATE ANSWER

Chapter 5: Other mediastinal structures. The Large Arteries. The Aorta. Ascending aorta

DESCRIPTION: This is the part of the trunk, which is located between the root of the neck and the superior border of the abdominal region.

Neck Ultrasound. Faculty Info: Amy Kule, MD

Histology. Dr.shatarat

Shadow because the air

slide 23 The lobes in the right and left lungs are divided into segments,which called bronchopulmonary segments

Lung & Pleura. The Topics :

Ovid: Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology & Diabetes

Lecturer: Ms DS Pillay ROOM 2P24 25 February 2013

Alexander C Vlantis. Total Laryngectomy 57

REVIEW/PREVIEW OF HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY FOR ENT EXAM

Prevertebral Region, Pharynx and Soft Palate

Tympanic Bulla Temporal Bone. Digastric Muscle. Masseter Muscle

The Larynx. Prof. Dr.Mohammed Hisham Al-Muhtaseb

Large veins of the thorax Brachiocephalic veins

Tikrit University collage of dentistry Dr.Ban I.S. head & neck anatomy 2 nd y. Lec [5] / Temporal fossa :

Thyroid INTRODUCTION ANATOMY SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Dana Alrafaiah. - Moayyad Al-Shafei. -Mohammad H. Al-Mohtaseb. 1 P a g e

The Thoracic wall including the diaphragm. Prof Oluwadiya KS

Anatomy of the Lungs. Dr. Gondo Gozali Department of anatomy

Alexander C Vlantis. Selective Neck Dissection 33

ANATOMY OF PELVICAYCEAL SYSTEM -DR. RAHUL BEVARA

Anatomical Complications in General Surgery. John E. Skandalakis, Stephen W. Gray, Joseph S. Rowe. Chapter 1: The Neck

Superior and Posterior Mediastinum. Assoc. Prof. Jenny Hayes

Subdivided into Vestibule & Oral cavity proper

Cardiovascular system:

Syllabus: 6 pages (Page 6 lists corresponding figures for Grant's Atlas 11 th & 12 th Eds.)

10/14/2018 Dr. Shatarat

Mohammad Almohtaseb. Lubna Allawi. Ammar Ramadan. 0 P a g e

CERVICAL LYMPH NODES

THE GOOFY ANATOMIST QUIZZES

Anatomy Sheet #5. In the previous lecture, we finished discussion about the larynx; now we continue with trachea, lungs and pleura.

Candidate s instructions Look at this cross-section taken at the level of C5. Answer the following questions.

Lecture 02. The Anomalies of Thyroid Gland & Gross Features of Suprarenal Gland. By:

Principles Arteries & Veins of the CNS LO14

Larynx - cartilaginous structure holding the vocal folds which protrude into airstream

THE DESCENDING THORACIC AORTA

OBJECTIVES. At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: List the cerebral arteries.

DR. DARWISH H. BADRAN. Parathyroid glands

Mediastinum It is a thick movable partition between the two pleural sacs & lungs. It contains all the structures which lie

Surgical anatomy of thyroid and incidence of malignancy in solitary nodule of thyroid

Lecture 07. Lymphatic's of Head & Neck. By: Dr Farooq Amanullah Khan PMC

Gateway to the upper limb. An area of transition between the neck and the arm.

PEDIATRICS WK 3 HEAD AND NECK ALISON WALLACE MD, PHD

ANATOMY OF THE PLEURA. Dr Oluwadiya KS

The Thyroid Gland. Chaitan K. Narsule, M.D.

Anatomy Lecture 8. In the previous lecture we talked about the lungs, and their surface anatomy:

Congenital Neck Masses C. Stefan Kénel-Pierre, MD

Objectives. Thoracic Inlet. Thoracic Inlet Boundaries. Thoracic Inlet Sagittal View ANTERIOR SCALENE ANTERIOR SCALENE

The PHARYNX. Dr. Nabil Khouri MD Ph.D

Day 5 Respiratory & Cardiovascular: Respiratory System

12 Larynx. I - Cartilages. Learning Objectives

The orbit-1. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Assistant Professor of Anatomy and Histology

Temporal region. temporal & infratemporal fossae. Zhou Hong Ying Dept. of Anatomy

Head and Face Anatomy

Head & Neck Contouring

ABDOMINAL WALL & RECTUS SHEATH

Dr.Ban I.S. head & neck anatomy 2 nd y. جامعة تكريت كلية طب االسنان املرحلة الثانية أ.م.د. بان امساعيل صديق 6102/6102

SURGICAL AND APPLIED ANATOMY

Bony orbit Roof The orbital plate of the frontal bone Lateral wall: the zygomatic bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid

AIRWAY MANAGEMENT SUZANNE BROWN, CRNA

Identify the lines used in anatomical surface descriptions of the thorax. median line mid-axillary line mid-clavicular line

The Heart & Pericardium Dr. Rakesh Kumar Verma Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy KGMU UP Lucknow

Tikrit University College of Dentistry Dr.Ban I.S. head & neck anatomy 2 nd y.

د. عصام طارق. Objectives:

Dana Alrafaiah. - Amani Nofal. - Ahmad Alsalman. 1 P a g e

Anatomy notes-thorax.

Transcription:

Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland

Introduction Nomenclature G, thyreos= shield, eidos= like Location Root of the neck ventrally (C5-T1) Function endocrine gland that secretes: Thyroxine (T4) T3 Calcitonin LWW, Grant s Atlas of Anatomy, 11 th edition

Structure of Thyroid Gland Butterfly-shaped organ - 2 lobes (wings) lobus dexter (Rt.) lobus sinister (Lf.) cone-shaped str. Apex oblique line of thyroid cartilage Base 5 th or 6 th tracheal ring - Isthmus (G, a narrow passage) connects the 2 lobes

Isthmus of Thyroid Gland - Passes anterior to 2-4 th tracheal rings - Encompasses a cranially extending thyroid tissue, usually left to midline Pyramidal Lobe* ( 50%) - A fibromuscular band connects the pyramidal lobe to hyoid bone is frequently present. - Muscular part Levator Glandulae Thyroideae* Gray s Anatomy, Fig. 1174 *embryological remnants of the thyroglossal duct

Fascial Covering of Thyroid Gland 2 coverings External: pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia (Visceral part) Internal: Thin fibrous capsule Capsula fibrosa glandulae thyroideae Attaches the gland posteriorly to: cricoid cartilage & upper tracheal rings

Relations of the Thyroid Gland Anterolateral Relations Posterior Relations Medial Relations

Anterolateral: Relations of the Thyroid Gland sup. Belly of omohyoid (upper) ant. border of SCM (lower) sternohyoid & sternothyroid muscles (middle)

Relations of the Thyroid Gland Medial: thyroid & cricoid cartilages (upper) upper 6 tracheal rings (lower) Essential Clinical Anatomy, 3 rd edition, Fig.8.8.A

Posterolateral: Carotid sheath Relations of the Thyroid Gland Posterior: inf. thyroid a. parathyroid glands Posteromedial: recurrent laryngeal n. LWW, Grant s Atlas of Anatomy, 11 th edition

Vasculature of Thyroid Gland

1. Superior Thyroid Artery: Arterial Blood Supply Arises from ECA Reaches sup. aspect of gland divides ant. & post. Branches 2. Inferior Thyroid Artery: Arises from Subclavian a. Essential Clinical Anatomy, 3 rd edition, Fig.8.9.B Reaches the post. aspect of gland

LWW, Grant s Atlas of Anatomy, 11 th edition LWW, Grant s Atlas of Anatomy, 11 th edition

3. Thyroid Ima Artery: (ima= L, lowest) 10% Origin varies (commonly from?) Ascends in front of trachea isthmus *clinical relevance to tracheostomy Essential Clinical Anatomy, 3 rd edition, Fig.8.9.B * Thyroid a. anastomose profusely over the surface of the gland between external and internal fascial coverings

Venous Drainage of Thyroid Gland Thyroid venous plexus 3 pairs of veins 1. Superior Thyroid Vein: Upper part IJV 2. Middle Thyroid Vein: Middle part IJV 3. Inferior Thyroid Vein: Lower part brachiocephalic veins (behind manubrium) *sometimes anastomose with each other plexus thyroideus impar Essential Clinical Anatomy, 3 rd edition, Fig.8.9.C

Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 8 th edition, Fig. 11-110

Lymphatic Drainage of Thyroid Gland Lymphatic plexus on the surface of the gland drains through lymphatic vessels into: Superiorly prelaryngeal L.N. Inferiorly pretracheal L.N. Medially paratracheal L.N. Laterally inf. Deep cervical L.N. *Ends up deep cervical L.N.

Innervation of Thyroid Gland Autonomic nervous control Sympathetic: - Superior, middle & inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia - Reaches through sup. + inf. Thyroid periarterial plexuses Parasympathetic: - Vagus nerve (X) - Reaches via sup. & recurrent laryngeal n. *Autonomic innervation is mainly vasomotor endocrine secretion is hormonally regulated by pituitary gland

Clinical Notes: Thyroidectomy & Risks of Surgery to the Gland

Thyroidectomy Indications: The surgical removal of thyroid gland Thyroid cancer Goiter: enlargement of the thyroid gland 90% iodine deficiency extending retrosternal &/or compression on nearby structures Benign nodules or cysts Graves disease: autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland causing it to enlarge & become overactive autoantibodies bind and activate TSH receptors

Risks of Surgery on Thyroid Gland 1. Recurrent laryngeal nerve dysphonia (unilateral) impaired breathing (bilateral) 2. Postoperative Bleeding: 2 a. + 3 v. * hemorrhage can be confined within the space surrounded by pretracheal fascia compress the difficulty in breathing suffocation trachea 3. Parathyroid glands: inadvertent removal serum Ca2+ Tetany

Tetany involuntary muscle spasm due to hypocalcaemia Opisthotonus, painting by Sir Charles Bell, 1809

Short Clinical Case (Homework) As an ER resident, a patient who was exposed to a car accident was admitted to your department with a broken mandible and obstructed upper airway. Your first aim is to maintain the patient breathing by applying a tracheostomy procedure. Based on the this fact, please answer the following questions: 1. What are the soft tissues that you need to cut through in order to reach the trachea? 2. What is the preferred tracheal site for tracheostomy? 3. What procedures will you adopt to protect the thyroid isthmus and thyroid ima artery if present?

2024 © healthdocbox.com Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Feedback