Monday Tree Fruit Pest Management Update April 9, 2018 Bill Shane Michigan State University Extension shane@msu.edu 269-208-1652 April 9 th to the end of June But no meeting on May 28th (Memorial Day). Credits toward Mich pesticide applicators license for each meeting. Bring samples for identification / discussion
Automatic Weather stations in SW Michigan Region Tree Fruit Update
SWMREC Chill Units Nov 1, 2017 Feb 15, 2018 Mar 31, 2018
SWMREC Degree day accumulation Jan 1 through April 8th Year Degree Days Base 42 F 2018 81 2017 277 2016 201 2015 100 2014 42 2013 76 2012 452
Growth Stages April 9, 2018, SW Michigan Research and Extension Center Apricot Japanese plum Peach
Growth Stage on April 3, 2017 Credit: Mark Longstroth
SWMREC Degree day accumulation March 1 through April 9th
Degree day accumulation Jan 1 through April 8th, 2018 Location Degree Days Base 42 F Location Degree Days base 42 F SWMREC 81 Romeo 65 B. Springs 87 Coldwater 46 Cassopolis 79 Kalamazoo 88 Dowagiac 86 Belding 58 Fennville 67 Sparta 51 Hartford 88 Shelby 20 Lawrence 90 NW Station 19 Lawton 81 Mac Apple Phenology - base 42 F 127-1st green 189-1/4" green 205-1/2" green 242 - tight cluster 284 - open cluster 367 - pink 396 - king bloom 422 - full bloom
December 2017 Low temperatures (F) SW Region Enviroweather Stations 26-Dec 27-Dec 28-Dec 29-Dec 30-Dec 31-Dec SWMREC 8.1 6.9 3.1 9.8 2.4-2.1 Berrien Springs 5.4 2.8 1.2 10.1-2.9-2.4 Hartford (Meachum) 8.7 4.3 5.2 9.9-5.4 Fennville 8.2 6.1 5.3 10.2-9.3-8.8 Lawton -0.3-5.1-2.9 7.7-7.8-8.4 Coldwater -9.5-14 -7.8 1.8-16.2-6.8 Kalamazoo -5.5-9.3-10.1 8.2-10.9-11.3
Using Apple scab summary to look at peach leaf curl risk Wet Start of wetting Period period End of wetting period 1 3/27 2-3AM 3/27 6-7PM Duration (Hrs.) Wet: 17 Span: 17 2 3/29 8-9AM 3/29 11AM- Wet: 4 Noon Span: 4 3 3/31 10-11AM 3/31 3-4PM Wet: 5 4 4/3 1-2PM 4/4 4-5AM Span: 6 Wet: 16 Span: 16 5 4/4 1-2PM 4/4 1-2PM Wet: 1 Span: 1 6 4/6 6-7AM 4/6 1-2PM Wet: 3 Span: 8 Avg temp (F) Rainfall (in.) 46.2 0.19 43.2 0.04 43.9 0.05 36.8 0.3 28.8 0.01 34.9 0.09 Peach leaf curl infections require over 10 hours leaf wetness, temperature range of 46 to 53 F and rainfall greater than 0.2 inch.
Apple scab control with fungicides Management during primary infection period; keep ahead of infection periods Use protectants early in season when leaf tissue area is small; in between at-risk fungicide sprays Use at-risk compounds when they are most appropriate (high disease pressure, rapid leaf growth)
Early season copper use on apples - When 3 inches of rain occurred between the copper application and bloom, virtually all copper residues are removed - Copper sprays applied to apples after half-inch green have potential for russetting - In the absence of rain a copper spray will provide 7 to 10 days of coverage against apple scab - Don t use Aliette or phosphite fungicides for at least several weeks after a copper spray was used David Rosenberger Cornell University, Scaffolds Newsletter, March 28, 2011
Apple scab control with fungicides Michigan State University surveys have revealed very high levels of resistance to 1 st generation sterol inhibitors (DMI=SI=SBI): Rally, Procure, Vintage, Topguard). 2 nd generation SI still are useful at higher rates. Apple scab resistance is essentially complete and distributed throughout the state to strobilurins (Flint, Sovran). All or nothing resistance type
Broad spectrum protectants Broad-spectrum protectants Captan EBDCs Manzate, Mancozeb, Polyram, Dithane Captan + EBDC = Captozeb 2-2.5 lbs Captan 80WDG + 3 lbs EBDC per acre
Scab infection time course 18 hrs
Opportunity to stop scab infection depends on temperature and chemical used temperature 34 F 48 hr 22+ days 50 F 14 hr 16 days 60 F 9 hr 9 days wet spore germinates penetrates established symptoms sporulation Leaf
DMI Single-Site Fungicide Classes Class Frac Examples Scab P.Mildew Rust 1 st gen Sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMI) 2 nd generation sterol demethylation inhibitors 3 Bayleton, Procure, Rally, Tilt, Elite Resist E E 3 Indar E E E Tree Fruit Update DMI Mixture Class Frac Example Scab P.Mildew Rust 2 nd gen Sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMI) 3 Inspire Super E E E Anilinopyrimidine 9
Inspire Super difenoconazole (2 nd generation DMI) cyprodinil (anilinopyrimidine) Scab P.Mildew Rust PHI (apples) E E E 14
Single-Site Fungicide Classes - continued Class Frac Examples Scab P.Mildew Rust Anilinopyrimidines 9 Vangard, Scala G NC NC Strobilurins 11 Flint, Sovran Resist G (G) Tree Fruit Update SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors) 7 Aprovia, Fontelis, Sercadis E E G
SDHI (Frac 7) Mixtures Tree Fruit Update Primary Companion Scab P.Mildew Rust PHI (apples) Aprovia, Fontelis, Sercadis none E E G Aprovia 30 Fontelis 28 Sercadis 0 Merivon (7+11) pyroclostrobin E E F-G 0 X Luna Sensation (7+11) Luna Tranquility (7+9) trifloxystrobin E E G 14 X pyrimethanil E E G 72
Sercadis (Xemiun Brand) SDHI fungicide Active ingredient fluxapyroxad (SDHI component in Merivon ) Labeled on apple for scab, mildew, black rot, and flyspeck Suspension concentrate (Merivon is an EC). 0 PHI, max 4 applications / season
SDHI (Frac 7) Mixtures Maximum of 4 (complete) applications per season No more than 2 applications in a row. Save 2 sprays of Merivon and/or Luna Sensation (FRAC Group 7) for shortly before harvest. These products will help with rots showing up in storage Always tank mix systemic fungicides such as Merivon with a broad spectrum (EBDC, Captan) and rotate with another FRAC group.
Syllit (dodine) Applications aren't allowed in apples after pink, according to the label. However, applications after bloom are still allowed on pears. The Syllit label now requires mixing with either mancozeb or captan, but mixing with captan increases the risk of phytotoxicity.) Syllit has some post-infection action, 24-48 hr after infection. The percentage of dodine-resistant scab strains typically decreases over time in orchards when this fungicide is not applied. If the fungicide has not been used in the previous 5 years, it can be applied as a rescue treatment.
Scab season Tree Fruit Update Powdery mildew primary season Copper EDBC Captan Ziram XXXXXX X Captan Vanguard & Scala L. Sensation, Fontelis, Merivon L. Tranquil (Scala)
Sulforix 27.5% calcium polysulfide. A lime sulfur product that acts as a contact fungicide, insecticide and miticide. It does not separate as readily as traditional lime sulfur. On apples it controls scab and powdery mildew. Typical use on apples is up to pink at 1 gal/acre. Label says 2 quart per 100 gal. It has more back action than typical contact fungicides such as copper or mancozeb. Don t use Sulforix when blooms open as it sterilizes the bloom. Do not use on Delicious and Gingergold Don t add surfactants some problems seen with LI700 and a few others. Sulforix has it s own. Don t use if temperatures are or shortly will be above 80 F because of phytotoxicity potential. Don t use under dry conditions. There are cheaper alternatives than Sulforix for peach leaf curl. Has value in a no crop year at ½ gal per acre.
Damage and occurrence of Asiatic garden beetle Asiatic garden beetles lay their eggs in lush, shallow-canopied fields (potatoes, soybeans and potentially alfalfa). The eggs hatch, and the larvae begin to feed on roots and tubers. The time frame that we generally see larval feeding in potatoes in southwest Michigan is when the tubers are still in the ground in early September. Once soil temperatures begin to cool off, the larvae move down in the soil profile, and overwinter in the field.
Damage to peach seedling foliage by Asiatic garden beetle Predator Asiatic garden beetle
Minecto Pro (Syngenta) pre-mix: cyantraniliprole (a.i. of Exirel) + abamectin (a.i. of Agri-Mek) IRAC Groups 6/28 Suspension Concentrate; must be mixed with non-ionic surfactant cyantraniliprole: 2nd-generation diamide - fruit-feeding Leps codling moth, oriental fruit moth, obliquebanded leafroller - plum curculio, European apple sawfly, pear psylla, rosy apple aphid, white apple leafhopper - cherry fruit flies, SWD, Japanese beetle, black cherry aphid abamectin: avermectin - European red mite, twospotted spider mite, pear psylla - REI: 12 hr; PHI: 28 days (pome), 21 days (stone) - High bee toxicity
Cormoran (Adama) pre-mix: novaluron (a.i. in Rimon) + acetamiprid (a.i. in Assail) IRAC Groups 15/4A Dispersible Concentrate novaluron: IGR-chitin inhibitor / acetamiprid: neonicotinoid, moderate bee toxicity Apple 14 day, pear 12 day preharvest interval fruit-feeding Leps codling moth, oriental fruit moth, obliquebanded leafroller, fruitworms apple maggot, plum curculio, European apple sawfly, pear psylla, white apple leafhopper, aphids, TPB, stink bugs/bmsb Japanese beetle, mealybugs, mullein plant bug Peach, Plum, Cherry 8 day preharvest interval aphids, peachtree borers, fruit flies, Japanese beetle, OFM, PC REI: 12 hr; PHI: 12 days
Sivanto Prime (Bayer) flupyradifurone: butenolide IRAC Group 4D (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist) Soluble Liquid Pome fruits: aphids (except WAA), leafhoppers, San Jose scale (combine with oil in early season spray), oystershell scale, pear psylla Causes cessation of feeding in sucking pests Translaminar movement; mobile in xylem Use from late dormant to petal fall REI: 4 hr; Apples & Pears PHI 14 days, Grapes PHI 0 day EPA Reduced-Risk product; Low bee toxicity, safe to beneficials
Slide by A. Agnello, Cornell U. Tree Fruit Update
Slide by A. Agnello, Cornell U. Tree Fruit Update
Closer SC Re-established October 2016 Registered May 2013 suspended Sept. 2015 Cancelled November 2015 Active ingredient sulfoxaflor IRAC group 4C: cousin of neonicotinoids (4A) Different subgroup than Admire
Acute toxicity to bees when contacted directly; dried residues non-harmful, registration has downwind buffer zone Tree Fruit Update Closer SC sulfoxaflor: sulfoximine IRAC Group 4C (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist) Suspension Concentrate Translaminar movement; mobile in xylem Pome fruits: aphids incl. wooly apple aphid, white apple leafhoppers, plant bugs [suppression: San Jose scale, pear psylla] Stone fruits: aphids [suppression: San Jose scale] REI: 12 hr; PHI: 7 days
Bacterial Spot Control Peaches & Nectarines (Dave Ritchie Program, NCSU) Tree Fruit Update bud break -- 2.5 lbs metallic Cu/A (5 lbs of 53%) 5-10% bloom -- 1.0 lb metallic Cu 50-75% petal fall -- 0.25 lbs metallic Cu/A shuck split -- 0.125 lbs Cu + 0.75 lbs FlameOut (mycoshield) 1/2 diameter fruit -- 0.75 lbs FlameOut (mycoshield) 1 diameter fruit -- 0.094 lbs Additional FlameOut/Mycoshield as needed
Bacterial Spot Management The disease is favored by warm (75 F to 85 F), wet, and windy conditions. Extended wet conditions at cooler temperatures can result in leaf infections on susceptible varieties. To protect fruit begin bactericide treatment at early shuck split and continue on a 7-14 day interval up to pit hardening, perhaps longer if leaves are infected. Primary management tools include oxytetracycline (FireLine, Mycoshield) and copper. Oxytetracycline has a max of 48 hours activity Other products Penn State has evaluated to date that show promise and can be used in rotation include Serenade Opti (14 oz/a) and Regalia (1 qt/a).