PRIMATES
TWO MAJOR GROUPS: PROSIMIANS NOT MANY SPECIES, LESS ADVANCED ANTHROPOIDS A TON OF SPECIES, MORE ADVANCED
PROSIMIANS: RESEMBLE OTHER MAMMALS MORE THAN ANTHROPOID PRIMATES MORE SMELL DEPENDENT FOR INFO MOBILE EARS RELATIVELY FIXED FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OFTEN NOCTURNAL/ARBOREAL
Tarsiers: ONLY GENUS REMAINING IN ENTIRE FAMILY ARBOREAL AND NOCTURNAL BIG EYES (= 50% OF BRAIN!) ONLY PRIMATE EXCLUSIVELY CARNIVORE PHILLIPINES AND INDONESIA
Tarsiers!
other prosimians
LEMURS: MOST WELL-KNOWN OF PROSIMIANS IN WILD ONLY IN MADAGASCAR SPECIES # CONTROVERSIAL: DEPENDING ON TAXONOMY: 30 ALL GET FOOD DIFFERENTLY SMALL GROUPS: LESS 15 CAN HAVE FEMALE DOMINANCE GOOD JUMPERS LOTS STILL NOT KNOWN
INDRI, AYE-AYE, MOUSE, RED- RUFFED,
at our zoo: ring-tailed & black and white ruffed lemurs
ANTHROPOIDS: 4 MAJOR GROUPS IN ALL NEW WORLD MONKEYS OLD WORLD MONKEYS APES (LESSER AND GREATER) HUMANS REMEMBER: MONKEYS HAVE TAILS, APES DO NOT!
NEW WORLD MONKEYS SPLIT FROM OLD WORLD MONKEYS ~30 MYA (WE STILL DON T KNOW HOW THEY GOT HERE) ALMOST ALL LIVE ENTIRE LIFE IN CANOPY (100+ FEET HIGH; 15-20 FT THICK, GREEN HI-WAY ) FIND INSECTS, NECTAR, SAP, FRUIT, LEAVES IN CANOPY
BROAD NOSE, 3 MOLARS, CAN HAVE PREHENSILE TAILS (SOME DON T)
OLD WORLD MONKEYS LIVE IN A GREATER VARIETY OF HABITATS THAN ANY OTHER (EXC. HUMANS) MORE TERRESTRIAL CAN & DO CLIMB/SLEEP UP, BUT STAY MORE ON GROUND THAN NW MONKEYS MOST COLORFUL PRIMATES; CAN HAVE BRIGHT COLORED BABIES
SOME IMP. FEATURES: DOWNWARD FACING NOSES: MAY HAVE HELPED AROUND WATER 2 MOLARS (SAME AS US) EXHIBIT SEXUAL DIMORPHISM ISCHIAL CALLOSITIES
What we have at zoo: drills, japanese macaques, lion-tailed macaques
HOMINOIDS: 3 SEPARATE FAMILIES NO TAILS LONG ARMS SHORT/BROAD TRUNKS LARGE BRAINS (IN RELATION TO OTHER PRIMATES EVEN) SIMILAR BLOOD PROTEINS (GORILLA UNDER MICROSCOPE, CHIMP IF BLOOD TYPE SAME)
LESSER APES BRACHIATORS: CAN MOVE 30 FEET IN ONE SWING TOUCHING ONCE FRUIT, INSECTS, LEAVES NOT SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC
LESSER APES at our zoo: white gibbons
GREATER APES: ORANGUTANS SOLITARY, ARBOREAL, BIG! V. TERRITORIAL; MALES FIGHT OVER SPACE, FOOD CAN WALK LONG DISTANCES TO MOVE FASTER IF NEEDED MAKE SLEEPING NESTS NIGHTLY ONLY IN INDONESIA: ENDANGERED
ORANG CONTINUED: COME TOGETHER IN LARGE NUMBERS EVERY 4-5 YEARS WHEN JUNGLE PRODUCES A LOT OF FRUIT FEMALES SOMEHOW KNOW WHEN THIS IS APPROACHING AND GET PREGNANT/DELIVER BEFORE THIS OCCURS EXCELLENT MOTHERS!
CLOSEST ORANG: at toledo zoo
GORILLAS MAINLY VEGETARIANS LOTS OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS BUT SOMETIMES INSECTS TERRESTRIAL AND KNUCK- WALKERS LIVE IN GROUPS OF 9-15 2 TYPES: MOUNTAIN AND W. LOW-LAND
SILVERBACK LEADS GROUP: ONE SILVERBACK PER BAND; FIGHT FOR ALPHA STATUS MAKES ALL DECISIONS: WHEN TO WAKE, MOVE, EAT, NAP, SLEEP ALSO PROTECTS, CONTROLS, IMPREGNATES GROUP FEMALES EXERT MORE POWER THAN ORIGINALLY THOUGHT KIDS CHALLENGE WHEN TURNING SILVER
3 gorillas at our zoo: brothers from the bronx zoo
CHIMPANZEES: REGULAR AND BONOBOS ARBOREAL AND TERRESTRIAL ALPHA MALES LEAD GROUP IN REGULAR CHIMPS BUT NEED HENCHMEN FOR SUPPORT MALES WILL HUNT IN GROUPS FOR RED MEAT: BONDING, SEX, PROTEIN GO TO WAR RESULTING IN DEATH OF ENTIRE CHIMP POPULATIONS
OTHER CHIMP LIFESTYLE FACTS: DIET: FRUITS, LEAVES, FLOWERS, INSECTS, ANIMALS WALK 4-5 MILES DAILY FOR FOOD MAKE AND USE TOOLS FATHERS DON T RAISE YOUNG MAKE SLEEPING NESTS NIGHTLY DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES HAVE DIFFERENT CULTURES UNPREDICTABLE BEHAVIOR
regular chimps at our zoo; just intro d a new group; + 3 y. old!
BONOBOS: DISCOVERED 1929, ONLY REALLY STUDIED LAST 25 YEARS FOUND ONLY IN ONE BEND ALONG CONGO RIVER IN D.R.C. ALPHA FEMALES OUTRANK ALPHA MALES FORM CLOSE SISTERHOOD BONDS TO DO SO SOLVE CONFLICTS WITH FACE- TO-FACE SEX AND LOTS OF IT (30+ A DAY) MOST LIKE HUMANS
BONOBOS:
HOMINIDS: 1,000 S OF THESE AT OUR ZOO TERRESTRIAL & WALK ERECT ON TWO FEET KNEES LOCK, BIG TOE IN LINE W/ OTHER 4 MINUS HEAVY NECK MUSCLES FOR HEAD PELVIS IS DISH-SHAPED: MEANS A BIGGER BRAIN IS ABLE TO SLIP THROUGH BIRTH CANAL
HOMININS CONT: BEST OPPOSABLE THUMBS NO OTHER ANIMAL CAN MANIPULATE ENVIRONMENT LIKE US BRAINS BIGGER THAT ANY OTHER PRIMATE: 1400 CC V. 525 CC ALTHO CHIMPS SHARE SAME 3 PARTS OF BRAIN LIKE US, HUMANS HAVE MORE DEVELOPED CEREBREAL CORTEX TEETH DIFFERENT; JAWS AND U- SHAPED CHINS
HUMANS CONT: RELATIVELY HAIRLESS NO ESTRUS! FEMALES SEXUALLY READY YEAR ROUND THIS CHANGED HUMAN BEHAVIORAL EVOLUTION PROFOUNDLY IN THE LAST 160,000 YEARS LONGEST ADOLESENCE, DEPENDENCY PERIOD OF ANY ANIMAL ON EARTH
HOMINIDS CONT: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IS THE GREATEST: WE CAN DESTROY, POLLUTE, MAKE EXTINCT, RADIOACTIVELY RUIN MORE THINGS ON EARTH THAN ANY OTHER SPECIES HUNT LARGEST ANIMALS OMNIVORES: ONE OF FEW SPECIES TO RAISE THEIR OWN FOOD
HUMANS CONT: TOOLMAKING; HAD TO CHANGE TO MAKE TOOLS FROM TOOLS SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOR LANGUAGE = ONLY ANIMAL TO CREATE A SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE
COMMONALITIES AMONG ALL PRIMATES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.