DESIGNING ERGONOMIC TOOTHBRUSH, TOOTHBRUSH REFILL, AND TOOTHBRUSH CAP

Proceeding 7 th International Seminar on Industrial Engineering and Management ISSN : 978-77X DESIGNING ERGONOMIC TOOTHBRUSH, TOOTHBRUSH REFILL, AND TOOTHBRUSH CAP Andriyani resia, Novi, Christina Industrial Engineering Department, Maranatha Christian University andriyani_9@yahoo.com, novi_soesilo@yahoo.com, christina@eng.maranatha.edu ABSTRACT Used is one type of waste that is difficult to unravel. refore, it is necessary to design a refill that can be reused so that the amount of waste generated fewer. data collection was done by distributing questionnaires (preliminary, importance, open, QFD) and measured the molars. Furthermore, the next step was designing some alternative designs of, refill and cap. refill design alternatives, were selected using the method of concept scoring which were based on the criteria of customer needs. selected alternative was alternative (the method of screwing the neck of the ). Keywords:, design, ergonomic. INTRODUCTION Currently, rapid industrial development is characterized by the establishment of a wide variety of plants. se plants produce a wide range of products to be consumed by the segment of consumers. Many consumers consume the product, the more the consumers produce waste from consumption of these products. Waste gives negative impact to humans. negative impact, making people try to reduce industrial waste or waste generated by performing a variety of prevention and control. In the prevention of waste generated by consumers, then we can apply the principles of reduce (reduction), reuse (reuse), whereas in overcoming waste, recycling principle can be used (turnover reused or recycled). One of the waste that is unraveled, is made of plastic. One of the products that are made of plastic material is stalk. Based on the above conditions, it is necessary to design a that can be reused so that the number of the waste can be reduced. Factors that must be considered in designing of the that can be reused is convenience for consumers who use them. refore, an ergonomic was designed. This paper was written based on the thesis titled Designing Toothbrush, Toothbrush Refill, Shut Toothbrush, Toothpaste Place, Place Toothpaste Refill, and Box Place Toothpaste with Ergonomics Approach by Andriyani, Novi, and Christina. In making this report, limitations and assumptions used were as follows:. Toothbrush that would be designed was a for adult users.. design did not calculate the cost to produce the, refill and cap.. design and dimensions of the model only included, refill, cap.. level of accuracy that was used was 0% and the 95% confidence level. 5. It was assumed that anthropometric data obtained from the book "Konsep Dasar Ergonomi dan Aplikasinya" by Eko Nurmianto according to anthropometric data users and toothpaste. 6. Sample data was assumed equal to the population data. formulation of the problem in this study were:. What were the customer needs of from the point of view of ergonomics?. How to design an ergonomic, refill, and cap? ER-

ISSN : 978-77X Proceeding 7 th International Seminar on Industrial Engineering and Management. STUDY LITERATURE. Quality Function Deployment According to Cohen, Quality Function Deployment is a method for designing and developing of a structured product, which allows a team of developers to clearly specify all the wants and needs of customers, and then systematically evaluate each product or service's ability to meet the wants and needs. Phase is where the Technical Design Requirements Planning (Technical Requirements) converted into Part Characteristic (Characteristics Section). Phase : Process Planning PROCESS OPERATIONS.. Parts of the House of Quality A. CUSTOMER NEEDS AND BENEFIT E. TECHNICAL CORRELATION C. TECHNICAL RESPONSE D. RELATIONSHIP (Impact of Technical Response on Customers Needs and Benefits) F. TECHNICAL IMPORTANCE (Technical Response Priorities, Competitive, Technical Benchmarks, Technical Targets) Figure. House of Quality B. PLANNING MATRIX (Market Research and Strategic Planning) Figure. Phase QFD Phase is where the Planning Process Part Characteristic (Characteristics Section) is converted into a Process Characteristic (Process Characteristics). Phase : Production Planning PO.. four-phase QFD model According Day : Phase : Product Planning Figure 5. Phase QFD CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS QUALITY CHARACHTERISTICS Figure Phase QFD Phase is the Product Planning where customer requirements (customer requirements) is converted into technical requirements (technical requirements). Phase : Design Planning Figure. Phase QFD PART CHARACTERISTICS Stage is where the Production Planning Process Characteristic (Process Characteristics) is converted to Production Requirements (Requirements Production).. Ergonomics term "ergonomics", according Nurmianto, is derived from the Latin, which Ergon (work) and nomos (natural laws) and can be defined as the study of human aspects in the work environment are reviewed in anatomy, physiology, engineering, management, and design or design. Essentially, ergonomics is a branch of science that systematically utilize information about the properties, capabilities, and limitations of humans to design a working system so that people can live and work on the system properly, ie achieve a chill through the job effectively,safe, and comfortable. ER-

Proceeding 7 th International Seminar on Industrial Engineering and Management ISSN : 978-77X. purpose of Ergonomics goal of ergonomics is no, ie :. To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the work and activities undertaken, including the improvement of the usability, reduce errors, and increase productivity.. To enhance the number and value of the human element, including improving safety, reducing fatigue and tension, improve comfort, increase job satisfaction, and improve quality of life.. Anthropometry According to the method of measurement, anthropometry is divided into two parts, namely :. Static anthropometry, where the measurements are performed on the human body are in a stationary position.. Dynamic anthropometry, which the body dimensions measured in various body positions that are moving, making it more complex and more difficult to measure. It can be concluded that anthropometric data will determine the shape, size and exact dimensions associated with a product designed and man who will operate or use the product. results of the design must be able to accommodate the dimensions of the body of the largest populations that use the products designed by them. In general, 90% to 95% of the target population in a group of users of a product must be able to use it properly..5 Concept oring Ulrich said that concept scoring is conducted to determine which is the best product concept among some concept products compared, based on certain selection criteria. Below is a table for purposes of valuation analysis concept. Table. Analysis of Concept oring Compared Product Concept A Z weight selectio Rating Value Rating Value Rating Value n criteria ( w ) analysis ( r ) ( r x w ) ( r ) ( r x w ) ( r ) ( r x w ).. n Total Value (N) Ranking Source : Ulrich & Eppinger (). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research steps were as follows : START Preliminary Study Understand the problem Identifying Problems Currently, there are no product manual and toothpaste refilled. Restrictions Problems and Assumptions Limitation Problem:. Toothbrush that will be designed is a for adult users.. design does not take into account the costs incurred.. Measure used in designing is a measure anthropometric data obtained from the book "Ergonomics Basic Concept and Its Application" by Eko Nurmianto.. level of accuracy that is used is 0%. 5. confidence level used is 95%. Assumptions:. Anthropometric data were obtained from the book "Ergonomics Basic Concept and Application" by Eko Nurmianto according to anthropometric data users.. Sample data same with population data. Problem Formulation. What is the customer need of from the point of view of ergonomics?. How to design a, refill, ergonomic cap? Research Objectives. Understanding customer need of the from the point of view of ergonomics.. Designing, refill, lid ergonomic. Review of Literature Literature study relating to the design of a. Data Collection and Processing Data Collection:. Preliminary Questionnaire. Importance Questionnaire. Open Questionnaire. QFD Questionnaire 5. Measuring the size of the current brush. 6. Measuring the molar teeth in men and women. Data Processing:. Percentage calculations for the preliminary questionnaire, Importance questionnaire, open questionnaire. Testing validity and reliability of the questionnaire QFD. Calculating normality, uniformity and adequacy of the data and the calculation of the molar percentile for men and women. A ER-

ISSN : 978-77X Proceeding 7 th International Seminar on Industrial Engineering and Management A B Analysis. Analysis of sampling techniques and the number of samples taken. Analysis of the preliminary questionnaire results of the questionnaire, the Importance questionnaire, open questionnaire. Designing, refill, and cap.. Analysis of anthropometric data, refill, and cap. 5. Analysis of materials used 6. Analysis of the mechanism 7. Concept scoring Conclusions and Suggestions. Customer need of the from the ergonomics point of view.. design of the ergonomic, refill, cap.. Suggestions for future research and suggestions for companies. FINISH B Figure 6. Research Methodology. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN After having validity and reliability tests, QFD questionnaire made design planning and product planning. v v v v Customer Needs and Benefit Technical Requirement depth reaching the inner tooth type of bristles shape of head Drying time shape and size according to function Cap could protect from bacteria and dirty indicator shows the length of the use of a composition of the comfortable bristles Multifunctional Total variation size of handles according to the function No slip size of head according to the shape of teeth weight of stalk could be easily cleaned by water bristles is easy to be cleaned stalk could hold the load when brushing teeth period of bristles does not change the shape period of bristles stick to the head after being used Installation time of refill shape and size of appropriate refill ItC No. 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 6 7 8 Customer Need Ease of cleaning leftovers in the teeth.66 Safety in the use of a (not injure the gums) Drying speed (no moss / change color) Ease in storing es Availability cap for es Availability usage indicators of the on the bristle Suitability composition of bristles Availability tongue cleaner variety of stalk Comfort to hold stalk Suitability of head shape with the shape of teeth Light Ease of cleaning after use Ease to bring the strength of stalk (not easily broken) endurance of use endurance of bristle attachment Ease of installation refill on the reusable Contribution.66 Normalized Contribution 0.08 Priority 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 6 7 8 9 0.5.0.5 0.5.97.6 0.99 0.59...7 0. 0. 0.50 9.9 9.9 0..09 8.77 0.06 0.0 0.0. 0.6 0.6..7.7.69 6.09 Total Contribution: 885.78 55.8.5 77.0.6 9.05 9.9 8.77 9.7 6.9 0.06.9.. 8..09.7.78..7 0.06 0.050 0.05 0.087 0.0 0.05 0.06 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.06 0.050 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.070 0.0 0.06 0.07 0.07 9 6 5 9 8 5 0 8 7 6 7 0.97.78.. 0.7.89 9.7 8..09.7.7.5.7.8.5.68.0..57.66.5.7.9.5.6.57 TARGET Reaching wisdom teeth Soft bristle brush Curve 0 minutes size of ergonomic Air ventilation Indicators on the bristles bristles composition according to the function re is a tongue cleaner size of ergonomic stalk Presence grip size of ergonomic head 0 gram Stalk material can be cleaned by water Toothbrush bristle density size of ergonomic stalk months months seconds size of ergonomic refill Figure 7. Toothbrush Product Planning ER-

Proceeding 7 th International Seminar on Industrial Engineering and Management ISSN : 978-77X Technical Requirement Critical Part Requirement composition of the bristles length of head width of the tip width of the midsection head materials of material of stalk length of stalk width of stalk thickness of stalk length of the grip length of neck width of tootbrush neck slope of the neck - head thickness of neck thickness of head length of bristles Methods of closing the cap length of tootbrush cap width of cap thickness of cap length of cap opener width of cap opener length of the stalk s hole width of tootbrush stalk s hole Color indicator duration of use methods of indicator of use duration of indicator when changes color Placement of tongue cleaner shape of tootbrush stalk grip shape grip material material of stalk number of bristles in one line Materials filament attachment simple installation method length of the head refill width of the head refill thickness of head refill length of bristle refill Cotribution No. 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 6 7 8 9 0 Customer Need 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 6 7 8 9 depth reaching the inner tooth 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 00.98 00.98 00.98 00.98.66 type of bristles 00.86.5 shape of head 69.8 69.8 77.0 Drying time 8.67 8.67 9.89 9.89 9.89 9.89.6 shape and size according to function 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 9.05 Cap could protect from bacteria and dirty 65. 65. 65. 65. 65. 65. 65. 65. 9.9 indicator shows the length of the use of a 57. 57. 57. 9.7 composition of the Comfortable bristles 99. 55.8 Multifunctional 58.9 8.77 Total variation 70.5 0.06 size of handles according to the function 566. 566. 566. 6.9 No slip 96. 96. 96. 96. 89.6 89.6 89.6. size of head according to the shape of teeth 97.7 97.7 97.7 97.7.9 weight of 95. 95. 95. 95. 95. 95. 95. 95. 95. 95. 95. 95. 95. 86.0.78 Toothbrush stalk easily cleaned by water 80.98. bristles easy to be cleaned 80.98 80.98 80.98 80.98. stalk could hold the load when brushing teeth 558.8 558.8 558.8 558.8 6.09 period of bristles does not change the shape 55.69 8. period of stick to head after being used 88.8.09 Installation time of refill 98.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5.7 shape and size appropriate refill 99.5 98.5 98.5 98.5 98.5.7 Contribution 80.6 9. 607.6 607.6 685.5 99.9 5. 5. 5..05 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.5 9.79 65. 60. 60. 60. 60. 65. 65. 65. 57. 57. 6.99 58.9 70.5 89.6 89.6 567 80.98 88.8 98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0 Total Contribution: 507.68 Normalized Contribution 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.0 0.00 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.008 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.0 0.0 0.09 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.08 0.009 0.009 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Priority 5 6 6 5 8 9 0 7 5 5 6 7 6 7 8 8 9 7 9 0 8 9 0 TARGET Cross Bristles 5 mm. mmm.8 mm Nylon Plastic 9 mm mm mm 5.5 mm 5 mm 5 mm 5 degree 5 mm.5 mm 0 mm Pressing from the side 9 mm 7.8 mm 8.5 mm.5 mm 6. mm 7 mm 7 mm Blue Color changing - month At the back of the Round Suitable with hand contour Rubber Plastic + rubber Brass Turning, sliding, pressing 5 mm.8 mm.5 mm 0 mm Figure 8. Toothbrush Design Planning In designing, it was required anthropometric data as follows: Toothbrush ernatives, and Product dimension Table. Toothbrush Size ernatives, and Anthropometric Data Allowance Size Type Percentile Sex Calculation (mm) Size (mm) Type (mm) Ergonomic size (mm) length of stalk LTT+PIJ 95% Men 88+5 9-0 9 width of stalk Kell DG - PIJ 5% Women ((.*)-)/. 9.6 Latitude 5 thickness of stalk Kell DG - PIJ 5% Women ((.*)-)/. 9.6 Latitude 5 length of the grip / PIJ 95% Men 0.5*5 5.5-0 5.5 length of neck (survey of existing - - - 5-0 5 width of neck (survey of existing - - - 5-0 5 slope of the neck - head (survey of existing - - - 5 degree - 0 5 degree thickness of neck (survey of existing - - - 5-0 5 length of head - - - - 5-0 5 thickness of head (survey of existing - - -.5-0.5 length of bristles (survey of existing - - - 0-0 0 width of the tip head width of the tip of the tooth 5% Women 7. 7. Thick materials. width of the central part head Thick dental widest 5% Women 9.8 9.8 (alt & ) materials.8 Elbow length (alt ) * Width Elbow - - * - 0 Elbow width (alt ) Thick Materials (survey existing - - - 0 Note : Circumference DG=.*DG LTT: Handwiths (Metacarpal) PIJ: Long thumb DG: Diameter handheld Figure 9. Toothbrush ernatives, and ER-5

ISSN : 978-77X Proceeding 7 th International Seminar on Industrial Engineering and Management In designing refill, required anthropometric data as follows: Product dimension length of bristles length of Toothrush Head (alt ) length of Toothbrush Head (alt & ) width of the tip of the head width of the central part of the head thickness of Toothbrush Head (alt ) thickness of Toothbrush Head (alt & ) Table. Refill Toothbrush Size ernative,, Type (survey of existing Anthropometric Data Perce ntile Sex Calculation (mm) Size (mm) Allowance Type Size (mm) Ergonomic size (mm) - - - 0-0 0 - - - - 5-0 5 - - - - 5 Tooth tip width 5% Wo men 7, 7, Dental widest 5% Men 9,8 9,8 (survey of existing (survey of existing thickness material thickness material thickness material 9,,8 - - -,5-0,5 - - -,5 thickness material,5 length of neck (survey of existing - - /*5,5-0,5 width of the (survey of existing neck - - - 5-0 5 slope of the (survey of existing neck head - - - 5 degree - 0 5 degree thickness of (survey of existing neck - - - 5-0 5 Thick material Elbow length (alt ) (surveys of - - - 0 existing Elbow width (alt ) * width elbow - - * - 0 In designing a cap, it was required anthropometric data as follows: Product dimension length of cap thickness of cap length of cap opener width of cap opener length of stalk's hole width of stalk's hole width of cap (alt & ) width of cap (alt ) Note : IPJ: Thumb width Table. Cap Toothbrush Size ernatives, and Type length of Toothbrush Head thickness head + the length bristles (survey existing Anthropometric Data Allowance Ergono Percentil Calculation Size mic Sex Type Size (mm) e (mm) (mm) size For drying + - - - 5 9 thick places - -.5+0.5 For drying + thick places 8.5 / IPJ 95% Men (/)*.50-0.5 /8 PIJ 95% Men /8 *5 6.8-0 6. thickness of neck (survey existing width of Toothbrush neck (survey existing width of head width of head - - - 5 - - - 5 - - -.8 - - -. Discharge of water Discharge of water For drying + thick places For drying + thick places 7 7 7.8 5. ER-6

Proceeding 7 th International Seminar on Industrial Engineering and Management ISSN : 978-77X...... Figure 0. Refill Toothbrush Refill was made of nylon material, the attachment of the filaments using brass, head alternatives and were made of plastic, while the second alternative was made of rubber. Is a rubber grip material, the neck and the stalk of a plastic. difference of the three design alternatives was on the method of the installation of the. first alternative had the method of screwing the neck of the. second alternative was the with the rails located at the head of the. third alternative had the method of pressing the base of the bristles to the head. Figure. Toothbrush Cap Toothbrush cap was made of plastic material, and opened by the flick of a finger. best alternative was chosen based on the assessment concept (concept scoring) with a concept evaluation criteria derived from the questionnaire revelation QFD and weights obtained from the sorting value ITC (Important to Customer). Here is a concept scoring of : i Table 5. Toothbrush Concept oring Selection criteria analysis Pri orit y we igh t ore Rating ore Ease of cleaning leftovers in the teeth or e i 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 6 7 8 Table 5. Toothbrush Concept oring Selection criteria analysis Pri orit y we igh t ore Rating ore Safety in the use of a (not injure the gums) Ease of installation refill on the reusable 6 9 Suitability composition of bristles 8 8 8 Suitability of the head shape with the shape of teeth 5 Comfort to hold or e, 5 7,5 5,5 7,5 stalk 6 endurance of bristle attachment 7 Light 8 6 6 6 strength of stalk (not easily broken) 9 8 8 8 Drying speed (no moss / change, color) 0 5 5 0,5 5 Ease of cleaning after use Ease to bring the Ease in storing es 6 6 6 variety of stalk 8 8 8 Availability cap for 5 0 0 0 Availability usage indicators of the on the bristles 6 Availability tongue cleaner 7 endurance of use 8 6 6 6 Total,5 57 7,5 Ranking ernative was the most well compared with other alternative products. ER-7

ISSN : 978-77X Proceeding 7 th International Seminar on Industrial Engineering and Management Value analysis of this refill product was based on categories. Based on use value, this product had more than one purpose, that was in addition to cleaning teeth, could also be used to clean the tongue. Product design that was chosen was also easy to use, had ergonomic design, and also had simple replacement mechanism. Based on esteem value, the product design had a pretty good aesthetic value due to the exclusive look with bright colors. Based on the criteria of exchange value, product design had a high exchange rate, because we could refill the bristles. However, there were currently no similar products circulated in the market, so there is no standard size. In this paper, it is not considered about the cost value. 5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5. Conclution. customer needs for related aspects of ergonomics are the variables in the QFD.. design of the, refill, cap that was chosen was alternative. mechanism of alternative was by screwing the neck of the. 5. Suggestion In a subsequent study, it is suggested to measure anthropometric data for the dimension of the which are the length of the neck, width of the neck, thickness of the neck, length of the head, slope of the neck-head, thickness of the head, length of the bristles and thickness of material. 6. REFERENCES (a) resia, Andriyani, Perancangan Sikat Gigi, Sikat Gigi Refill, Tutup Sikat Gigi, Tempat Pasta Gigi Refill dan Dus Tempat Pasta Gigi dengan Pendekatan Ergonomis, sis, Maranatha Christian University, 009 ER-8 (b) Cohen, Lou, How to Make QFD Work for You, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachussets,995 (c) Day, Ronald G., Quality Function Deployment-Linking a Company with Its Customers, ASQC Quality Press, 99 (d) Nurmianto, Eko,; Ergonomi Konsep Dasar Dan Aplikasinya, Edisi Pertama, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Penerbit Guna Widya,998. (e) Pheasant, Stephen,: Bodyspace, Anthopometry, Ergonomic and Design, Taylor and Francis, Lord-New York-Philadelphia, 998. (f) Sender, Mark.S., Ph.D., McCormick, Ernest.J., Ph.D.,: Human Factos in Engineering and Design, McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 99. (g) Sugiyono, Prof.Dr.,: Metode Penelitian Administrasi, Penerbit alfabeta Bandung, 006. (h) Sutalaksana, Iftikar Z.,Ruhana Anggawisastra, John H. Tjakraatmadja,; Teknik Tata Cara Kerja, Jurusan TI-ITB, 979. (i) Ulrich, Karl T., Spinger, Steven D., Product Design and Development, 5th edition, Mc-Graw Hill, 0 AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES Andriyani resia graduated from Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia. Novi is a lecturer at Industrial Engineering Department, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia. She received her Master of Industrial Management and Engineering from Institut Technology Bandung. Her research interests are in the area of Ergonomics. Christina is a lecturer at Industrial Engineering Department, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia. She received her Master of Industrial Management and Engineering from Institut Technology Bandung. Her research interests are in the area of Product Design and Service Quality.