TEACHING TOOLS: Body Systems Game Body System Images (without labels) ctive System (p. 8) 2) 1
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Teaching Tool Body Systems Game Circulatory System (pp 15-16) Digestive System (pp 17-18) Endocrine (male & female) System (pg 19) Nervous System (pp 20-21) Reproductive (male & female) system (pp 22-24) Respiratory System (pp 25-26) Skeletomuscular System (pp 27-28) Skin or Integumentary System (pp 29-30) Urinary (male and female) System (pp 31-32) 14
What It Does: Pumps blood around the body. Brings oxygen and nutrients to every cell. Also takes wastes like carbon dioxide away from the cells. Brings wastes to the lungs and kidneys. Main Parts of this System Heart Blood Platelets Plasma Blood vessels: arteries, veins, capillaries. Common Problems with this System A consumer may: Feel very weak Have a pulse that is too fast, too slow, or uneven Have clogged arteries Have arteries that have hardened Have blood pressure that is too high or too low. 15
page 2 of 2 Diseases of the this System Congestive heart failure A heart attack High blood pressure A stroke. Optimum Health Eat and drink right. Keep moving. Rest. Wear support hose right. Observe and Report Any change in skin color, especially around the lips and under the fingernails A pulse that is too fast, too slow, or uneven Breathing too fast or too slow Sore on the skin especially the legs or feet Swelling of the lower legs 16
What It Does: Page 1 of 2 Breaks down food Gives the body energy. Main Parts of the System Mouth. Esophagus. Stomach. Small and large intestines,. The liver, the gallbladder, and pancreas The alimentary canal. Diseases of this System Gastric Reflux Cancer 17
Page 2 of 2 Common Problems Constipation is hard stools. Diarrhea is loose stools. Heartburn happens when stomach acid goes into the throat. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins at the end of the large intestine. Stomach pain can happen for a number of reasons. Ulcers happen when the wall of the stomach gets hurt. Optimum health Eat right. Drink plenty of fluids Use the toilet regularly Practice good hand hygiene Observe and Report Can not swallow Drinks less than usual Eats more or less food Feels sick to their stomach, or throws up Likes different foods than usual Has blood or mucus in their stool Has bowel habits that are different than usual Has hard or loose stools Has more gas than usual Has stomach pain or bloating 18
What It Does: Helps control what the body does. Makes hormones and releases them into the blood. Main Parts of this System Thyroid gland, adrenal glands Pancreas Ovaries in girls and women Testicles in boys and men Common Problems Feel very tired Gain or lose weight Heal more slowly than usual Diseases of the System Diabetes (a disease of the pancreas) Thyroid problems Observe and Report Weight gain or loss Excessive sleep Agitation Slow healing Sweet smelling breath. 19
What It Does: Page 1 of 2 Controls all the other body systems. Brings messages from the rest of the body to the brain. Controls things you choose to do with your body, such as running. Controls things your body does on its own, such as breathing. Main Parts of this System The brain controls the whole system. Nerves carry messages around the body. The sense organs are the eyes, ears, skin, mouth, and nose. They get information about the world around you. The spinal cord runs from the bottom of the brain to the bottom of the spine. Bones called vertebrae protect it. The spinal cord is the main path for nerves going to and from the brain. Common Problems this System A prickly feeling Headaches or other pain Trouble controlling their bowel or bladder Trouble seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, or smelling. Trouble thinking Sweating 20
Diseases of this System Page 2 of 2 Alzheimer s disease Parkinson s disease A stroke Optimum Health Minimize stress and relax.. Avoid sudden changes in routines or environment Observe and Report behavior change for example violent outbursts Repeats actions and words Feels dizzy Has more trouble moving or talking Seems confused or upset Wanders 21
What It Does: Page 1 of 3 Allows the body to produce children Main Parts of this System These are the main parts in a female: The breasts make milk for a baby to drink. The ovaries make eggs and hormones. The uterus is the place where a baby grows. The fallopian tubes bring eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. The vagina is a stretchy tunnel that links the uterus to the outside of the body. The labia are the lips of vagina. The perineum is the area between the labia and the anus. These are the main parts in a male: The testicles make sperm and hormones. The scrotum is a sack of skin that holds the testicles. The prostate gland makes a fluid that sperm swim in. The vas deferens is a tube that sperm go through. The urethra is a tube that brings sperm out of the body. The penis is the usual way sperm get into a woman s vagina. 22
Common System Problems Enlarged or swollen prostate Menstrual problems Red, swollen vagina or labia Swollen testicles Prolapsed uterus Page 2 of 3 Diseases of this System Cancer Pelvic inflammatory disease HIV/AIDs STDs: Chlamydia Genital herpes Genital warts Gonorrhea Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV for short Syphilis Trichimoniasis 23
Observe and Report A hard area in the abdomen A nipple that goes in Dimples or scales on the breast Lumps in the breast Pain in the stomach or in or around the vagina Part of the body pushing out of the vagina Sores or blisters between the legs and/or on the vagina, penis Bleeds from the penis or vagina (not menstruation) Drips or feels burning when urinating Is red or swollen between the legs Leaks a fluid from the vagina or penis Page 3 or 3 Optimum Health Monthly breast exams Wipe from front to back when toileting (females) Maintain good genital hygiene Safe sex 24
What It Does: Page 1 of 2 Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide. Main Parts of this System The nose is the sense organ that lets you smell. Lungs are like balloons. They fill up with air when you breathe in. The throat is in the neck. The larynx is a tube in the throat. Air passes through it. It is also called the voice box. The trachea is a tube in the throat. Air passes through it. It is also called the windpipe. Common Problems A consumer may: Cough Have a runny nose Have trouble breathing Make a whistling sound when they breathe 25
Common Diseases Page 2 of 2 Asthma. Bronchitis Pneumonia Tuberculosis. COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Tracheal stenosis Optimum Health Don t spread your germs. Get plenty of rest Remember to breathe deeply. Observe and Report Coughs or sneezes a lot Coughs up fluid Feels dizzy Has bluish skin, lips, or nail beds Has trouble breathing Is very hot or cold Makes a whistling sound when they breathe 26
What It Does: Page 1 of 2 Protects internal organs of the body. Makes movement possible Main Parts of this System Bones let people move. Some bones protect spaces inside the body. Muscles are connected to bones. They move the bones. Tendons link muscles and bones or bones with other bones. Cartilage keeps bones from rubbing against other bones. Joints are places where two or more bones meet. Common Problems Broken bone Contracture--when flexing muscles get short. This makes it hard to move. There is no cure. Sprained muscle Strained joint 27
Page 2 of 2 The Skeletomuscular System Diseases of this System Arthritis Osteoporosis Optimum Health Eat right. Keep moving. Stay safe. Check assistive devices to make sure they work properly. Observe and Report Falls Has more trouble moving or keeping balance Has pain in the bones, muscles, or joints Has red or swollen joints Has trouble using devices for getting around 28
What It Does: Protects the inside of the body from germs. Keeps the body from getting too hot or too cold. Holds in body fluids. Sends the brain messages about pain, cold, heat, pressure, and touch. Page 1 of 2 Main Parts Has three layers. Hair and nails are also parts of this system. Common Problems Dry skin Cuts and bruises Rashes Bedsores are sores. Eczema (red, itchy skin). Lice (insects that feed on blood). Psoriasis (red and white areas on the skin). Ringworm (fungus that causes a rash shaped like a ring). Scabies are red mites that cause itchy, crusty skin. 29
Common Diseases Cancer Page 2 of 2 Optimum Health: Help consumers change position frequently to prevent bedsores. Promote wound healing. Use a gentle touch. Observe and Report A rash Cuts or bruises Lice or lice eggs Scabies Blue or yellow skin Itchy or sore skin Puffy skin Very dry skin Skin that is Very hot or cold to touch Very sweaty 30
What It Does: Page 1 of 2 Gets wastes out of the blood. Gets wastes out of the body. Helps keeps the right amount of fluids and chemicals in the body. Main Parts of this System The kidneys make urine. The bladder holds urine. The ureters bring urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The urethra brings urine out of the body. Common Urinary Problems Urinary tract infection, or UTI for short Kidney stones Trouble controlling their bladder (incontinence) Not enough fluid in their body (dehydration) 31
Diseases of this System Page 2 of 2 Enlarged prostate. Kidney failure. Optimum Health: Drink enough fluid. Empty the bladder. Get to a toilet in time Maintain a toileting schedule Observe and Report Blood in the urine A strong smell in the urine Urine that has a strange color or thickness A burning feeling or pain when urinating A strong urge to urinate, or has to urinate often Trouble controlling the bladder Trouble starting to urinate 32