Hepatitis C Virus and Liver Transplantation

Hepatitis C Virus and Liver Transplantation

Marina Berenguer Editor Hepatitis C Virus and Liver Transplantation 2123

Editor Marina Berenguer, MD Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation La Fe University Hospital, Department of Medicine University of Valencia and Ciberehd Valencia, Spain ISBN 978-1-4614-8437-0 ISBN 978-1-4614-8438-7 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8438-7 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013946252 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus is at epidemic proportions and is currently the leading indication for liver transplantation, not only in the setting of liver insufficiency but particularly due to the significant increase of hepatocellular carcinoma arising on HCV-cirrhotic livers. Unfortunately, despite advances in antiviral therapies, many patients remain infected at the time of transplantation, resulting in the vast majority in graft reinfection. There are many negative consequences associated with viral infection post transplantation, with recurrence of the primary disease in the new graft being the most worrisome, impacting short- and medium-term survival negatively. This proposed textbook is designed to provide a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of the major issues specific to the field of liver transplantation and hepatitis C virus infection. Care of these patients and clinical conditions can be quite complex. The sections of the book have been structured to review the overall scope of issues of recurrent hepatitis C in different complex settings, including retransplantation, in HIV-coinfected patients, or in the setting of suboptimal graft donors. In addition, significant changes are now taking place in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in the immune-competent patient. This book provides up-to-date information on the application of these new therapies to the field of liver transplantation, including most recent data on efficacy, management of side effects as well as drug drug interactions. Finally, and in order to increase the pool of potential donors in an era of significant organ shortage, the use of antihcv positive donors comes as a potential alternative surrounded by doubts. An appraisal of risks and benefits using these organs is necessary today so that potentially viable organs are not wasted. The book provides concise and actual materials on these topics. All invited authors are recognized experts in their field, and an effort has been made to have chapters authored by colleagues in different disciplines, highlighting the integrated multidimensional aspects of care for liver transplant patients. The ultimate goal was to create a tool that could be useful to a variety of readers, including surgeons, physicians, or coordinators, to help them face not only the typical patients seen in the clinical practice of liver transplantation, but also challenging cases such as the indication of retransplantation for recurrent hepatitis C in a young patient transplanted with a suboptimal donor and having failed antiviral therapy, the evaluation and treatment of recurrent hepatitis C in the HIV-coinfected patient, immunosuppressive v

vi Preface approach of the patient with HCV infection undergoing liver transplantation for a hepatocellular carcinoma, or multidisciplinary management of the patient with severe recurrent hepatitis C including the use of new approved antivirals. I truly believe that the authors have largely achieved this goal and only hope that once you use this book you will feel the same. Marina Berenguer, MD Valencia, Spain

Contents 1 Treatment of Hepatitis C Before Liver Transplantation... 1 Maria-Carlota Londoño and Xavier Forns 2 Donor Recipient Matching in HCV-Infected Patients... 17 Mario Angelico and Ilaria Lenci 3 Natural History of Recurrent Hepatitis C: Impact of Immunosuppression... 31 Robert C. Huebert and Kymberly D. Watt 4 Treatment of Hepatitis C After Liver Transplantation... 47 James R. Burton Jr., Norah A. Terrault, Jennifer J. Kiser and Gregory T. Everson 5 Hepatitis C and Liver Transplantation in the HIV Co-infected Patients... 67 Teresa Maria Antonini, Jean Charles Duclos-Vallée and Didier Samuel 6 Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HCV-Infected Patients... 79 Alexandre Liccioni, Alejandro Forner and Jordi Bruix 7 Retransplantation for HCV-Related Liver Disease... 97 Joel P. Wedd and Scott W. Biggins 8 Use of Anti-HCV Positive Grafts in Liver Transplantation... 111 Patrizia Burra and Stefano Fagiuoli Index... 121 vii

Contributors Mario Angelico Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy Teresa Maria Antonini Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France INSERM, Villejuif, France Scott W. Biggins University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA Jordi Bruix Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer group, Liver Unit, IMDM, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain James R. Burton Jr. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA Patrizia Burra Unità di Trapianto Multiviscerale, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy Jean Charles Duclos-Vallée Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France INSERM, Villejuif, France Gregory T. Everson Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA Stefano Fagiuoli Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia dei Trapianti, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy ix

x Contributors Xavier Forns Liver Unit, IMDM, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Alejandro Forner Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer group, Liver Unit, IMDM, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Robert C. Huebert Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Jennifer J. Kiser Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA Ilaria Lenci Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy Alexandre Liccioni Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer group, Liver Unit, IMDM, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Maria-Carlota Londoño Liver Unit, IMDM, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Didier Samuel Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France INSERM, Villejuif, France Norah A. Terrault Gastroenterology Department, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Kymberly D. Watt Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Joel P. Wedd University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA