Vol.2 No. 2, 103-107 (2013) Received.Feb.2013; Accepted Aug. 2013 Impact of Training on Gain of Nutrition Knowledge of Farm Women in Unnao District of Uttar Pradesh Archana Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Vikas Singh and S. K. Singh, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Unnao, U.P. Abstract Malnutrition especially under nutrition is a serious problem in India, both urban and rural areas. This can be solved through different approaches like institution of specific feeding programme to increase food availability, introduction of income generating activities and market to increase the per capita income of family and to impart nutrition education to women to create awareness & enhance their knowledge. A study was conducted in Unnao district of U. P. to assess the extent of knowledge of rural women in relation to nutrition and to ascertain the extent of gain of knowledge of rural of women through nutrition training programme. The findings of this study highlights that there is a significant gain in knowledge of all the components of nutrition domain included in the training programme. It can be suggested that for greater generalization of the findings of this study, similar type of training programmes should be conducted at different parts of the country and over wide geographical area. Key words: Malnutrition, under nutrition extent of knowledge; nutrition training programme Introduction Malnutrition and under nutrition is widely prevalent in the urban, rural and slums areas of the country, especially amongst vulnerable section of the population namely the pre-school, school going children, expectant and nursing women. Lack of sanitation hygiene and knowledge about nutrition among he affected groups as well as widespread of resources are the major factors contributing to such nutrition deficiencies. A desirable change in the situation can be achieved by different approaches like institution of specific feeding programme to increase food availability, introduction of income generating activities and market to increase the per capita income of family and to impart nutrition education to women to create awareness & enhance their knowledge Malnutrition and under 103 nutrition can be overcome by increasing the nutrition knowledge of rural women because a women plays an important role in the selection, preparation and serving of food of the Members of the family [1]. Nutritional knowledge is much important in proper management of food, application of balance diet and specific requirements of different nutrients for people of different age groups. Nutrition education should be practical and adopted to suit the socio-economic conditions, food habits and local food resources. It should include effective demonstration in which mothers take active part. It should form a part of the community development programme. Keeping this in view, a study was conducted to assess the extent of gain of knowledge of rural women through nutrition training programme.
Methodology The present study was undertaken in the Hasnganj Block of Unnao district of U.P. Out of five, three adopted villages of Hasanganj block were selected randomly. Thirty farm women, for each training programme were selected from three sampled villages. Therefore, the total sample size for the study was 30. The data were collected with the help of interview schedule.a knowledge test was developed to ascertain the knowledge of the women on nutritional practices. The gain in knowledge was operational zed as the difference between the knowledge regarding various aspects of nutritional practices possessed by the respondents before and after the exposure of nutrition trainings. To measure the knowledge a respondent was given a score of one for correct answer and zero for wrong answer. Thus, the summation of all scores treated as the knowledge of the respondent at pre-exposure stage. Similarly post training knowledge score was calculated separately. Suitable statistical tools & techniques were used for analysis of data. Results and Discussion Extent of knowledge about nutrition practices To assess the effects of nutrition training the knowledge of the respondents was measured with the help of standardized questionnaire test comprised of 60 objective type questions covering different aspects of nutrition. The test was conducted at two periods of interval that is pre training and immediately after training. A score of one was given for each correct answer. On the basis of score respondents was classified as having high (66.6% and, medium (33.3 to 66.5%) and low 104 (0 to 33.3%) level of knowledge as presented in Table 1 Table 1 Pre-training knowledge score of respondents Knowledge Level N %age Low level (0 to 33.3%) 83 92.22 Medium level (33.3 to 66.5%) High level (66.6% and 07 07.77 0 0.00 Mean 10.36 Range 6-23 Above table reveals that the majority (92.22 percent) of the respondents had low level of knowledge about nutrition practices followed by medium that is only 7.77 per cent while none of the respondent obtain high level of knowledge score related to nutritional practices participating in nutrition training programme. Table 2 Post training knowledge score of respondents Knowledge Level N %age Low level (0 to 33.3%) 0.00 0.00 Medium level (33.3 to 69.00 76.66 66.5%) High level (66.6% and 21.00 23.33 Mean 36.42 Range 28-51 It is clear from Table 2 that after exposure of nutrition training package majority of the respondents(76.66 per cent) had medium level of knowledge
score, followed by (23.33per cent) high Mean level of knowledge score while none of 24.21 the respondents obtain lower level of Range knowledge score related to nutrition practices. The table also highlights the mean knowledge score of the respondents, which was 10.36 before training and increased to 36.42 after exposure of 20-30 Extent of gain in knowledge: The gain in knowledge was determined by subtracting the pre training Knowledge score from knowledge score obtained immediately training. Range of knowledge score after training. Based on the differential increased from (6-23) to (28-51) after exposure of training. Table 3 Knowledge gained by respondents after training score respondents were classified as high (44.6% and, medium (22.3 to 44.5%) and low (0 to 22.2%).It is clear from Table 3 that maximum respondents Knowledge Level N=9 0 %age (82.22 per cent) retained medium level of knowledge followed by (17.77 per cent) Low level (0 to 22.2%) 0.00 0.00 high level of knowledge score, while none Medium level (22.3 to 74.00 82.22 of the respondents come under the 44.5%) category of low level. It is clear from the High level (44.6% and 16.00 17.77 table that there was sharp increase in the knowledge score of the respondents after their exposure to the training programme. Table 4 Distribution of respondents according to knowledge in various aspect of nutrition training programme. (N=90) S.No. Class Nutrition training Pre-exposure knowledge Post exposure knowledge 1 Balance Diet Low(0-3) 90 00 2 Source of nutrients in human diet 3 Conservation of nutrients during cooking 4 Preservation of nutrients Medium (4-6) 00 71 High (7-10) 00 19 Low(0-3) 90 00 Medium (4-6) 00 83 High (7-10) 00 07 Low(0-3) 84 00 Medium (4-7) 06 70 High (8-10) 00 20 Low(0-2) 69 00 Medium (3-4) 21 61 High (5-6) 00 29 5 Weaning food Low(0-1) 70 00 105
Medium (2-3) 20 56 High (4-5) 00 34 6 Food hygiene Low(0-2) 83 00 7 Nutritional deficiency 8 Food fads & fallacies Medium (3-4) 07 69 High (5-6) 00 21 Low(0-3) 90 00 Medium (4-6) 00 90 High (7-9) 00 00 Low(0-1) 75 00 Medium (2-3) 15 83 High (4) 00 07 Table 5. Comparative mean scores of pre-training and post training knowledge of respondents. S. No. Aspects of nutrition Pretraining Post training Difference S.D. Correlation t - value 1 Balance Diet 1.78 5.5 3.72 0.450 0.930 78.40 2 Source of nutrients in human diet 3 Conservation of nutrients during cooking 4 Preservation of nutrients 1.13 5.32 4.19 0.792 0.592 50.19 1.57 6.31 4.74 0.829 0.879 54.31 1.70 4.20 2.50 0.658 0.907 36.06 5 Weaning food 1.08 3.27 2.19 0.598 0.748 34.75 6 Food hygiene 1.00 4.03 3.03 0.756 0.594 38.05 7 Nutritional deficiency 1.16 4.99 3.83 0.783 0.483 46.47 106
8 Food fads & fallacies 0.94 2.80 1.86 0.628 0.446 28.02 Knowledge gained by rural women about different aspects of nutrition through nutrition training programme It indicates that before exposure of training majority of respondents had low level of knowledge related to various aspects of nutritional practices. Few of the respondents obtain medium level of knowledge while none of the respondents obtain high level of knowledge. It also clear from the Table 4 that after exposure of nutrition training programme, majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge followed by high level of knowledge score. In order to ascertain the impact of training programme on gain in knowledge paired t test was employed. The pre and post mean knowledge scores of the recipients of the training was calculated and paired t values are presented in Table 5.Statistically significant differences were found among pre and post training mean score of all the aspects of nutrition training programme. The significant difference between pre training and post training mean score i.e. before and after the training programme confirms the fact that the respondents were able to gain sufficient knowledge at post training programme [2, 3]. Conclusion The significant increase in the knowledge of the farm women may be due to the intensive educational training efforts made by the trainers and also due to realization of importance of these practices by the participants in raising the health status of their families, as the subject matter and content of the training was very much closer to what the women do in their daily routine. Besides, the nutrition training package was made interesting and stimulating that it completely captured the attention and interest of trainees and motivated them to adopt the nutrition practices to the maximum extent possible. References 1. Maya Kumari, Adarsh K. Srivastava and Nidhi Sinha (2010). Extent of knowledge of farm women on nutrition. Indian Research. Journal of Extension Education 10 (1), 65-68 2. Singh, Meera and Leelavathy, K.C. (1999). Impact of nutrition training on food consumption pattern of Santhal tribe women of Bihar. Ind. J. Nutrition Dietetis, 34 : 99-101. 3. Singh, Meera and Verma, N.C. (1998). Gain and retention of nutrition knowledge in Santhal tribal women in weaker sections: The psycho-social perspective by N. Hasnain (Ed.). Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi.pp 182-187. 107