Human Body Senses 1
Senses Your senses gather information from the outside world. They help you see, hear, taste, smell and touch things. They also help you to detect pain, pressure, and temperature. All these sensations are changed into electrical signals and carried to your brain. Match the picture to the word. hear smell see taste touch 2
Smell You smell with receptors that are located in your nasal cavity. This cavity is the space in your head behind your nose. The receptors send messages directly to your brain. The nose consists of: external nose the part you see in the centre of your face nostrils the two openings at the bottom of your nose nasal passages these are lined with mucous membranes and tiny hairs that help filter the air. They are separate by the nasal septum septum this is made up of cartilage and bone sinuses four-paired, air-filled pockets inside the face, near the nasal passages There are four sinuses: Ethmoid sinus located around the bridge of the nose Maxillary sinus located around the cheeks Frontal sinus located in the forehead Sphenoid sinus located deep in the face behind the nose. 3
Smell Where are the receptors that you smell with located? What are the five parts of the nose? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What two senses work together? 4
Smell It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. Your nose can make up to one litre of mucus each day. The average sneeze flies out at around 160kph. Inside your nose are chemical sensors that enable you to smell. Without these you wouldn t be able to smell or taste your food. The nose produces mucus that mops up the gunk that the hairs sweep up. This gunk is then swept to the back of your throat. The senses smell and taste work together as your mouth and nasal cavity are connected inside your head. Learn More! Research Pinocchio. What happened to his nose? 5
Smell It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. Your nose can make up to one liter of mucus each day. The average sneeze flies out at around 160kph. Inside your nose are chemical sensors that enable you to smell. Without these you wouldn t be able to smell or taste your food. The nose produces mucus that mops up the gunk that the hairs sweep up. This gunk is then swept to the back of your throat. The senses smell and taste work together as your mouth and nasal cavity are connected inside your head. Learn More! Research Pinocchio. What happened to his nose? In what occupations would you need a good sense of smell? 6
Smell Label the parts of the nose bridge nasal passages frontal sinus ethmoid sinus maxillary sinus 7
Smell Label the parts of the nose ethmoid sinus frontal sinus maxillary sinus bridge nasal passages bridge nasal passages frontal sinus ethmoid sinus maxillary sinus 8
Taste Tongue Your tongue has 16 separate muscles. Without it, you wouldn t be able to talk. These muscles run in different directions to carry out all of the tongue s jobs. The front part of the tongue is very flexible. It works with your teeth to help you pronoun many words. It also moves your food around your mouth while you are chewing. The back part of your tongue helps push your chewed food that is mixed with saliva, into your esophagus. The frenulum is a membrane that connects your tongue to the bottom of your mouth so that you can t swallow your tongue. 9
Taste The tongue tells the brain what you have tasted. Bad tastes can warn us that the food we are eating is rotten. Thousands on tiny taste buds cover your tongue and the back of your mouth. These little bumps detect sweet, sour, salty and bitter in your food. When you tongue gets covered in smelly bacteria, it gives you bad breath. Learn More! Find the meaning of these words in a dictionary: bitter, bud, cavity, chemical, taste If you owned a restaurant, what kinds of food would you serve? Create a menu for your restaurant. 10
Taste How many muscles are in your tongue? What tastes can your taste buds detect? 1. 2. 3. 4. What holds your tongue in your mouth so that you don t swallow it? 11
Taste Label the parts of the Tongue bitter sweet sour sour sweet and salty 12
Taste - Tongue Label the parts of the Tongue bitter sweet sour sour sweet and salty 13
Taste - Tongue Label the parts of the Tongue bitter sour sour sweet sweet and salty bitter sweet sour sour sweet and salty 14
Taste - Tongue Label the parts of the Tongue bitter sour sour sweet and salty sweet bitter sweet sour sour sweet and salty 15
Sight The pupil is the black centre in your eye. It is actually a hole underneath the eye s outer coating. The light passes through it to the lens. The iris is the coloured part of your eye. It is a muscle that controls the amount of light that comes in. The lens is behind the iris and pupil. It focuses the light on the back wall, which is known as the retina. The retina is the very back of the eye. The image that we see is created on the retina. The cornea is a transparent dome shaped tissue that forms the front of your eye. It contains nerve endings which make it extremely sensitive. The optic nerve carries the image from the retina to the brain. 16
Sight The pupil is the black center in your eye. It is actually a hole underneath the eye s outer coating. The light passes through it to the lens. The iris is the colored part of your eye. It is a muscle that controls the amount of light that comes in. The lens is behind the iris and pupil. It focuses the light on the back wall, which is known as the retina. The retina is the very back of the eye. The image that we see is created on the retina. The cornea is a transparent dome shaped tissue that forms the front of your eye. It contains nerve endings which make it extremely sensitive. The optic nerve carries the image from the retina to the brain. 17
Sight Did you know? Your eyebrows, eyelashes and eyelids all protect the eye from damage. Eyelids clean the surface of your eye by using tears. These tears come from ducts in the corner of your eye. Your eye has 6 dedicated muscles that allow you to see. The images that your eyes see are actually upside down, your brain turns them the right way up. Every eyeball has a small blind spot at the back that can t record what it sees. Learn More! Research different medical problems that can affect your vision. Research glasses and how they help improve vision. 18
Sight iris black hole which light passes through retina pupil coloured part of eye that controls the amount of light that comes in situated behind the iris and pupil and focuses the light on the back wall the very back of the eye lens 19
Sight iris black hole which light passes through retina pupil colored part of eye that controls the amount of light that comes in situated behind the iris and pupil and focuses the light on the back wall the very back of the eye lens 20
Sight Label the Eye lens optic nerve pupil iris retina cornea 21
cornea Sight Eye Label the Eye iris optic nerve pupil lens retina lens optic nerve pupil iris retina cornea 22
Sight - Eye iris black hole which light passes through retina pupil coloured part of eye that controls the amount of light that comes in situated behind the iris and pupil and focuses the light on the back wall the very back of the eye lens 23
Sight - Eye iris black hole which light passes through retina pupil colored part of eye that controls the amount of light that comes in situated behind the iris and pupil and focuses the light on the back wall the very back of the eye lens 24
Hearing - Ear There are three main parts to the ear: The outer ear, the inner ear and the middle ear. The outer ear is the part that you can see. It works like a funnel, channeling the vibrations from the sounds in the air into your ear hole. These vibrations are then passed down the ear canal. The ear canal is also where earwax is made. Earwax contains chemicals to fight off infections. The vibrations continue onto your eardrum which vibrates like a drum when the sound hits it. The eardrum separates the outer ear from the middle ear. The sounds are then passed onto the stirrup, hammer and anvil, which are situated behind the eardrum. These are the three smallest bones in the body and they vibrate when the sounds pass by. Next the sounds reach the cochlea which is filled with fluid. The cochlea is part of the inner ear. The vibrations send a ripple through this fluid which makes very small hairs twitch and quiver. When these hairs move, they send nerve impulses to the brain who interprets them. 25
Hearing Did you know? Your ears not only help you hear, but they also help you balance too. Your ears can pick up both the direction and the distance of a sound. The fluid-filled canals in your ears help you to keep your balance. Learn More! Research loud noises and find out if they can damage your hearing. Research what happens to your hearing as you get older. 26
Hearing What it the part of the ear that you can see called? Name the three main parts of the ear: 1. 2. 3. What are the three smallest bones in your body called: 1. 2. 3. 27
Hearing Label the Ear outer ear inner ear middle ear ear canal 28
outer ear Hearing Label the Ear middle ear inner ear ear canal outer ear inner ear middle ear ear canal 29
Touch Your skin is filled with tiny hairs called sensory receptors. These receptors notice a feeling and send a message to your brain. Your brain then tells you what you are feeling. These sensors work with the skin. Your most sensitive sensors are situated close to the surface on the parts of your body that have no hair, like your fingers. They detect the lightest of touches and send warning messages to your brain if you get too close to hurting yourself. There are also deeper-lying pressure receptors that respond to heavy touch. They help you work out how hard an object is. Pain does hurt, but it is important as it warns us of danger. Your skin feels: pressure pain heat cold 30
Touch List some examples of what could cause these sensations. Sensation Example Pain Heat Cold Pressure Learn More! Research why the sense of touch is so important. Research braille and make a list of places that you have seen it. 31
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