Southern Legislative Conference: Why Focus on Distraction in Transportation? Chairman Deborah A. P. Hersman

Southern Legislative Conference: Why Focus on Distraction in Transportation? Chairman Deborah A. P. Hersman

Eliminate Distraction in Transportation 3

Eliminate Distraction in Transportation 4

Distraction: Not just a highway problem Highway Largo, Maryland (2002) Alexandria, Virginia (2004) Munfordville, Kentucky (2010) Gray Summit, Missouri (2010) Rail Clarendon, Texas (2002) Chatsworth, California (2008) Marine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2010) Aviation NWA 188 (2009) Mosby, MO (2011) 5

6 Largo, MD - February 2002

7 Clarendon, TX - May 2002

8 Alexandria, VA - November 2004

9 Chatsworth, CA - September 2008

10 Minneapolis, MN - October 2009

Munfordville, KY - March 2010 11

12 Philadelphia, PA - July 2010

13 Gray Summit, MO - August 2010

14 Mosby, MO - April 2011

Recommendation to the states to ban the nonemergency use of PEDs for all drivers 15

Recommendation to CTIA Encourage development of technology to disable PEDs use by drivers, when vehicle is in motion. Should allow for emergency use and should identify seating positions so as not to interfere with passenger use. 16

Attentive Driving: Countermeasures to Distraction Washington, DC March 27, 2012 17

What We Have Learned Distraction risks are universal Portable electronic devices pose cognitive, manual, auditory, and visual distractions

Risk for Teens

Future of Technology A recent headline in the New York Daily News read Driving while wearing Google Glass: Could the futuristic device join handheld cell phones, texting as illegal? Another headline in The Verge read California woman gets ticket for driving with Google Glass 20

What Can be Done? Legislate Educate Enforce 21

How can NTSB help? Steve Blackistone State and Local Liaison (202) 314-6005 blackis@ntsb.gov Nicholas Worrell Safety Advocate (202) 314-6608 nicholas.worrell@ntsb.gov 22

No call, no text, no update is worth a human life. 23

Driving and Texting A brief description of Virginia s new distracted driving law.

Virginia The Path to Making Texting While Driving a Primary Offense Mid-2000s Virginia Had Little Focus On or Regulation Of Distracted Driving

Resistance to Legislation and Regulation Rationales: Personal Freedom Why Punish Individuals When There Was No Accident Concern About Empowering Police to Stop Drivers

Small Steps to Prohibit Distracted Driving Prohibit cell phone use and restrict passengers and hours of driving for 16 and 17 year olds Prohibit texting while driving

New Laws Above Adopted as Secondary Offenses No one can be stopped because of violating one of the new laws

Attempts to Improve Traffic Safety and Reduce Deaths Failed Prohibit Hand Held Cell Phones Require Seat Belt Use by Back Seat Passengers Stop for Pedestrians in Crosswalks Prohibit Open Containers of Alcohol Administrative Suspensions of License Following DUI Arrest Making Secondary Offense Primary Violations, eg. Drivers using Seat Belts

Very Few Charged with Distracted Driving Offenses Most charged because of an accident

Despite Resistance, Legislation Introduced to Make Texting While Driving a Primary Offense Recommended by High School Students

After Several Years, Legislation Regarding Primary Offense Passed in 2013 Factors Were: Persistence Education Advocacy

The Most Significant Factors, However, Were: Overwhelming Public Support Media Coverage of Fatalities

2013 Legislation on Texting While Driving Bill as Passed General Assembly Governor s Amendments

Enforcement Articulable Suspicion Obtaining a Confession Absent a Confession Search and Seizure

Driver Distraction: Past, Present, & Future David Strayer Cognition and Neural Sciences Department of Psychology

Automobile Dashboard in 50 s and 60 s

Today s Automobile Dashboard

Multi-tasking and Driving Any man who can drive safely while kissing a pretty girl is simply not giving the kiss the attention it deserves. -- Albert Einstein FACT: Most simply cannot successfully perform two or more tasks simultaneously without declines in performance

The Driver Distraction Triad Eyes off the Road Visual High Moderate Low Cognitive Mind off the Drive Manual Hands off the Wheel

Workload, Distraction, & Impairment Cognitive Workload Attention required to perform a non-driving task Cognitive Distraction Diversion of attention from driving in dual-task conditions Impaired Driving Impairments to driving from dual-task performance

Observational Study Cell Phone No Phone Failed to Stop 2416 12567 1498 3 Stopped Appropriately Cell Phone Usage 10.2% OR: 2.21 (95% CI 2.09 to 2.33) 3332 38294 4162 6 5748 50861 5660 9

Overview of AAA Project Most comprehensive study undertaken on cognitive distraction Systematic analysis, 3 studies, 150 participants, 8 conditions Analysis of different sources of distraction Driving simulator Instrumented vehicle Develop taxonomy of cognitive distraction (e.g., Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Wind Scale) Category 1 -- Undistracted driver Category 5 -- Highest level of cognitive distraction

Measures of Cognitive Distraction Secondary Subjective Primary Physiological Workload

Sources of Cognitive Distraction

Driving Simulator and Instrumented Vehicle

Cognitive Distraction Scale

The Future of In-vehicle Technology Examination of speech-based in-vehicle interactions What speech-based activities are safe/unsafe? Siri, Entune, Sync, Onstar Internet search to support navigation Dinner reservations (e.g., OpenTable) Facebook/twitter updates Quality of synthetic speech voice recognition

Summary and Conclusions Three sources of Driver Distraction Visual Manual Cognitive Cognitive Distraction Inattention blindness Impaired recognition memory, suppressed ERPs Impaired scanning (tunnel vision)

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