International data on under-five mortality rate (U5MR) ALL COUNTRIES DATA SUMMARY SHEET International definition U5MR is the probability (expressed as a rate per 1,000 live births) of a child born in a specified year dying before reaching the age of five if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. Country 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 Afghanistan 260 257 257 257 257 Process of obtaining data Bangladesh 149 120 92 73 69 Each year, UNICEF s executive director asks all of the UNICEF s regional directors and country representatives - who are stationed in over 150 countries around the world - to update the data already available at headquarters. Bhutan 166 133 100 75 70 Bolivia 125 105 84 65 61 Cambodia 116 123 104 85 82 China 45 44 37 25 24 National data sources India 115 102 89 78 76 Data can be obtained from vital registration systems, sample registration systems, national population censuses, and/or household surveys. The national data sources used by UNICEF are listed in the next page. Indonesia 91 66 48 36 34 Iran (Islamic Rep. of) 72 55 44 36 34 Kazakhstan 60 60 43 31 29 Kiribati 88 77 70 65 64 Calculation of estimates for MDG monitoring Kyrgyzstan 75 62 51 43 41 UNICEF developed, in coordination with WHO, the WB and UNPD (Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation), an estimation methodology that minimizes the errors embodied on each estimate and harmonize trends along time. After plotting all available values for infant and under-five mortality, analysts use weighted least squares to fit a multi-spline regression line to the data points and extrapolate the trend to the present. The use of weights allows analysts to make a judgment about the relative quality of each data set and how representative it is likely to be of the population. The last step is to decide which set of estimates (infant mortality or underfive mortality) is more consistent and to use a model life table to derive the other set of estimates from it. Explanation of most common discrepancies between global and national figures 1) Use of regression model to produce estimates vs use of one specific source Data available on the MDG website Children under five mortality rate per 1,000 live births Lao People's Dem. Rep. 163 131 101 79 75 Liberia 235 235 235 235 235 Malaysia 22 17 14 12 12 Maldives 111 85 54 33 30 Micronesia 58 52 47 42 41 Mongolia 109 83 62 45 43 Morocco 89 69 54 40 37 Nepal 142 118 86 63 59 Pakistan 130 118 108 99 97 Palau 21 17 14 11 11 Papua New Guinea 94 87 80 74 73 Philippines 62 49 40 33 32 Sri Lanka 32 25 19 14 13 Tajikistan 115 114 93 71 68 Tanzania 161 159 141 122 118 Thailand 31 20 13 8 8 Timor-Leste 177 154 107 61 55 2) Use of different estimation methods Tuvalu 54 48 43 38 38 3) Use of different data sources Vanuatu 62 50 48 38 36 Viet Nam 53 44 30 19 17
National data sources progress towards the MDG under-five mortality target Afghanistan AFG_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2007 AFG_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2000 AFG_SOWC2009 Estimates_Single year_2009 AFG_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2003 AFG_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Direct (5 year)_2003 AFG_National Demographic and Family Guidance Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1972 Bangladesh BGD_DHS_Direct (5 year)_2007 BGD_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2004 BGD_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2004 BGD_Fertility Survey_Direct (5 year)_1989 BGD_Vital Registration_Single year_0 BGD_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1999 BGD_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1999 BGD_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1996 BGD_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1996 BGD_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1993 BGD_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1993 BGD_Contraceptive Prevalence Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1986 Bhutan BTN_National Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1994 BTN_Demographic Sample Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1984 BTN_National Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2000 BTN_Demographic Sample Survey_Direct (5 year)_1984 BTN_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2005 Bolivia BOL_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1994 BOL_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1989 BOL_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2003 BOL_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1998
Cambodia KHM_National Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1998 KHM_National Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1998 KHM_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2005 KHM_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2005 KHM_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2000 KHM_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2000 KHM_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1998 China CHN_Adjusted Census Deaths_Single year_0 CHN_Census _Indirect (5 year)_2000 CHN_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1982 CHN_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1990 CHN_Fertility Sampling Survey_Direct (5 year)_1992 CHN_Maternal and Child Mortality Surveillance System_Single year_0 CHN_National Life Tables_Single year_0 CHN_Population Sample Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1982 CHN_Population Sample Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1987 CHN_Population Sample Survey _Indirect (5 year)_1995 CHN_Population 1% Sample Survey_Direct (5 year)_2005 CHN_National Survey on Fertility and Birth Control_Single year_1988 CHN_Population 1% Sample Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2005 India IND_National Family Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1992 IND_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1981 IND_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2001 IND_Survey on Infant and Child Mortality_Indirect (5 year)_1979 IND_National Family Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1992 IND_National Family Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1999 IND_National Family Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1999 IND_National Family Planning Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1970 IND_National Family Planning Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1980 IND_National Family Health Survey 2005-06_Indirect (5 year)_2005 IND_National Family Health Survey 2005-06_Direct (5 year)_2005
Indonesia IDN_World Fertility Survey_Direct (5 year)_1976 IDN_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1987 IDN_World Fertility Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1976 IDN_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2000 IDN_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1980 IDN_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1971 IDN_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1987 IDN_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2002 IDN_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2002 IDN_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1997 IDN_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1997 IDN_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1994 IDN_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1994 IDN_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1991 IDN_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1991 IDN_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1990 Iran (Islamic Rep. of) IRN_Population Growth Survey_Direct (5 year)_1973 IRN_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1986 IRN_Intercensal Population Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1991 IRN_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1996 IRN_Demographic Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1998 IRN_Population Growth Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1998 IRN_Demographic and Health Survey Urban_Indirect (5 year)_2000 IRN_Demographic and Health Survey Rural_Indirect (5 year)_2000 IRN_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2000 Kazakhstan KAZ_lsms_Indirect (5 year)_1996 KAZ_ Census_Indirect (5 year)_1989 KAZ_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1999 KAZ_ Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1995 KAZ_ Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1995 KAZ_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1999 KAZ_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1999 KAZ_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2006 KAZ_ TRANS MONEE Vital Registration_Single year_0 KAZ_ WHO Vital Registration_Single year_0 Kiribati KIR_SOWC2009 Estimates_Single year_2009 KIR_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2005 KIR_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1978 KIR_WHO Vital Registration_Single year_0
Kyrgyzstan KGZ_ TRANS MONEE Vital Registration_Single year_0 KGZ_ Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2005 KGZ_ Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1997 KGZ_ Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1997 KGZ_WHO Vital Registration_Single year_0 Lao People's Dem.Rep. LAO_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1995 LAO_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2005 LAO_Fertility and Birth Spacing Survey_Direct (5 year)_1994 LAO_Reproductive Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2000 LAO_Social Indicator Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1993 LAO_SOWC2009 Estimates_Single year_2009 Liberia LBR_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2007 LBR_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1986 LBR_DHS_Indirect (5 year)_2007 Malaysia MYS_SOWC2009 Estimates_Single year_2009 MYS_National Life Table_Single year_0 MYS_Fertility and Family Survey_Direct (5 year)_1974 MYS_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1970 MYS_WHO Vital Registration_Single year_0 Maldives MDV_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2000 MDV_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2006 MDV_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1990 MDV_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1995 MDV_Poverty and Vulnerability Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1997 MDV_Vital Registration_Single year_0 Micronesia FSM_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1994 FSM_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2000 Mongolia MNG_Reproductive Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1998 MNG_Reproductive Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1998 MNG_Reproductive Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2003 MNG_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2000 MNG_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2005 MNG_Reproductive Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2003 MNG_Demographic Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1994
Morocco MAR_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2003 MAR_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2003 MAR_PAP_Single year_1996 MAR_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1995 MAR_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1995 MAR_Contraceptive Prevalence Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1983 MAR_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1982 MAR_World Fertility Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1980 MAR_World Fertility Survey_Direct (5 year)_1980 MAR_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1992 MAR_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1987 Nepal NPL_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1981 NPL_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1971 NPL_Fertility and Family Planning Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1991 NPL_World Fertility Survey_Direct (5 year)_1976 NPL_World Fertility Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1976 NPL_Fertility and Family Planning Survey_Direct (5 year)_1991 NPL_Fertility and Family Planning Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1985 NPL_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1996 NPL_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1996 NPL_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2006 NPL_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2006 NPL_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2001 NPL_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2001 NPL_Contraceptive Prevalence Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1981 NPL_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1991
Pakistan PAK_Living Standards Survey_Direct (5 year)_1991 PAK_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2006 PAK_SOWC2009 Estimates_Single year_2009 PAK_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1990 PAK_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1990 PAK_Contraceptive Prevalence Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1984 PAK_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1981 PAK_Integrated Household Survey_Direct (5 year)_1998 PAK_Integrated Household Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1996 PAK_Integrated Household Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2001 PAK_Integrated Household Survey_Direct (5 year)_2001 PAK_Population Growth Survey II 1976-1978_Direct (5 year)_1978 PAK_Demographic Survey_Direct (5 year)_1984 PAK_Demographic Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1984 PAK_Pakistan Fertility and Family Planning Survey_Direct (5 year)_1996 PAK_Demographic Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1988 PAK_Pakistan Fertility and Family Planning Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1996 PAK_Integrated Household Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1998 PAK_Reproductive Health and Family Planning_Direct (5 year)_2000 PAK_World Fertility Survey_Direct (5 year)_1975 PAK_Living Standards Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1991 PAK_Labour Force and Migration Survey_Direct (5 year)_1980 PAK_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2006 Palau PLW_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1995 PLW_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2005 PLW_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2000 Papua New Guinea PNG_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1996 PNG_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1996 PNG_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1991 PNG_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1980 PNG_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1971 PNG_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2000 PNG_DHS_Direct (5 year)_2006
Philippines PHL_Family Planning Survey_Direct (5 year)_2006 PHL_Family Planning Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2006 PHL_WHO Vital Registration_Single year_0 PHL_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2003 PHL_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1998 PHL_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1998 PHL_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1993 PHL_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1993 PHL_Demographic Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1988 PHL_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1980 PHL_World Fertility Survey_Direct (5 year)_1978 PHL_cen70 PHI_Demographic and health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2003 Sri Lanka LKA_SOWC2009 Estimates_Single year_2009 LKA_World Fertility Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1975 LKA_World Fertility Survey_Direct (5 year)_1975 LKA_National life table_single year_0 LKA_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1987 LKA_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2006 LKA_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2000 LKA_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1993 LKA_Demographic and Health Survey in North East_Indirect (5 year)_2001 LKA_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1971 LKA_WHO Vital Registration_Single year_0 LKA_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1987 Tajikistan TJK_tls_Indirect (5 year)_1999 TJK_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1989 TJK_Demographic Survey_Direct (5 year)_2002 TJK_Demographic Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2002 TJK_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2000 TJK_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2005 TJK_WHO Vital Registration_Single year_0 TJK_Trans Monee_Single year_2006 TJK_tls_Direct (5 year)_1999 TJK_tls_Indirect (5 year)_2003 TJK_tls_Direct (5 year)_2003
Tanzania TZA_Census Preliminary_Single year_2002 TZA_Census_Single year_1967 TZA_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2004 TZA_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1999 TZA_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1999 TZA_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1996 TZA_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1996 TZA_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1991 TZA_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1991 TZA_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1988 TZA_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1978 TZA_CME Estimate with AIDS_Single year_2008 Thailand THA_Survey of Population Change_Indirect (5 year)_1974 THA_National Life Tables_Single year_ 0 THA_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2005 THA_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1987 THA_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1970 THA_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1980 THA_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1990 THA_Contraceptive Prevalence Survey_ ndirect (5 year)_1981 THA_Contraceptive Prevalence Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1984 THA_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1987 THA_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2000 THA_Survey of Population Change_Indirect (5 year)_1985 THA_Survey of Population Change_Indirect (5 year)_1989 THA_World Fertility Survey_Direct (5 year)_1975 THA_World Fertility Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1975 Timor-Leste TLS_Census_Indirect (5 year)_2004 TLS_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1990 TLS_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2003 TLS_Living Standards Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2001 TLS_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2002 TLS_ICS_Indirect (5 year)_1995 Tuvalu TUV_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1991 Vanuatu VUT_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1999 VUT_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1967 VUT_SOWC2009 Estimates_Single year_2009
Viet Nam VNM_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2002 VNM_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_2002 VNM_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2000 VNM_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1997 VNM_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1997 VNM_Intercensal Demographic Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1994 VNM_Census_Indirect (5 year)_1989 VNM_Demographic and Health Survey_Indirect (5 year)_1988 VNM_Demographic and Health Survey_Direct (5 year)_1988 VNM_Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey_Indirect (5 year)_2006 UNSD/ESCAP Workshop on MDG Monitoring - Bangkok 14-16 Jan 2009