Supplemental Figure 1. Isolation and characterization of CD133+ neurosphere-like

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SUPPLEMENTL FIGURE LEGENDS Supplemental Figure 1. Isolation and characterization of CD133+ neurosphere-like spheroids from a human brain tumor sample or glioma xenograft. () CD133+ tumor cells isolated from a human glioblastoma biopsy specimen (T3379) or a glioma xenograft (D456MG) formed neurosphere-like spheroids when cultured under stem cell conditions. () CD133+ glioma tumor spheroids isolated from a human brain tumor biopsy specimen (T3379) or a human glioma xenograft (D456MG) expressed neural stem cell markers (CD133, Nestin, Sox2 and Musashi 1). Supplemental Figure 2. CD133+ tumor cells isolated from the D456MG glioma cell line exhibit multi-lineage differentiation potential. D456MG CD133+ glioma cultures were subjected to differentiation conditions and examined for expression of differentiation markers for astrocytes (CD44H and CD81), oligodendrocytes (O4 and NG2) and neuronal progenitors (Map-2 and HNK-1) by immunofluorescent staining. Similar results were achieved with CD133+ cultures isolated from human glioblastoma specimens (data not shown). Supplemental Figure 3. Stem cell-like glioma cancer cells from human glioma xenografts express elevated levels of VEGF. (, ) The expression levels of angiogenic regulators in conditioned media from matched CD133+ and CD133- glioma cultures were compared using commercial angiogenesis antibody arrays (Panomics TranSignal Human ngiogenesis ntibody rray). were conditioned for 24 hours in short term cultures of CD133- or CD133+ tumor cells derived from () D456MG or () D54MG human glioma xenografts. Membranes were processed based on kit instructions. The intensity of VEGF expression was quantified using ImageJ

software. Total mean intensity was calculated based on the product of area and mean intensity (*, p <.1 CD133+ relative to CD133- samples by Student s t-test). (C) VEGF expression levels in media conditioned for 24 hours from D456MG cell populations grown in 24-well plates were measured using a VEGF Quantikine ELIS (R & D Systems) according to manufacturer s directions. Triplicate samples were collected for each sample. *, p <.1 normoxic CD133+ conditioned media relative to CD133- conditioned media by NOV; **, p =.4 hypoxic vs. normoxic conditions and p <.1 hypoxic CD133+ conditioned media relative to CD133- conditioned media by NOV. Supplemental Figure 4. Stem cell-like glioma cells induce endothelial cell migration. conditioned for 24 hours by CD133- or CD133+ tumor cells isolated from () a patient glioblastoma patient specimen or () D456MG xenografts were added to the bottom chambers of 24-well tissue culture plates. 2, human microvascular endothelial cells were added to the upper chambers of Transwell assays (D iosciences). Cells were allowed to invade through the membranes for 14 hours then fixed and stained. Representative images are displayed. *, p =.1 CD133+ conditioned media relative to CD133- conditioned media by Student s t-test; **, p =.2 CD133+ conditioned media relative to CD133- conditioned media by Student s t- test. Supplemental Figure 5. Stem cell-like glioma cells induce endothelial cell tube formation. conditioned for 24 hours by CD133- or CD133+ tumor cells isolated from () a patient glioblastoma patient specimen or () D456MG cultured cell populations sorted for CD133 expression were added human microvascular endothelial

cells grown at a density of 4, cells/ml with 5 μl of cells added to sextuplicate wells of Matrigel coated 96-well plates (D iosciences). Cells were incubated for 16 hours then imaged. Representative images are displayed. *, p <.1 CD133+ conditioned media relative to CD133- conditioned media by Student s t-test. Supplemental Figure 6. VEGF neutralizing antibody blocks stem endothelial cell migration and tube formation induced by SCLGC derived from glioma xenografts. () VEGF neutralizing antibody blocks SCLGC-induced endothelial cell migration. conditioned for 24 hours by CD133- or CD133+ cultures isolated from D456MG xenografts were added to the bottom chambers of 24-well tissue culture plates. evacizumab or an IgG antibody control (antibody final concentration,.5 mg/ml) was added to conditioned media 3 minutes before addition to endothelial cell cultures. 2, human microvascular endothelial cells were added to the upper chambers of Transwell assays (D iosciences). Cells were allowed to invade for 14 hours, fixed, stained, imaged, and quantified. Representative images are displayed. ***, p =.5 CD133+ conditioned media relative to CD133- media by NOV;, p =.1 bevacizumab treated CD133+ conditioned media vs. IgG control media by NOV. () VEGF neutralizing antibody inhibits SCLGC-induced endothelial cell tube formation. Cultures of CD133- or CD133+ glioma cells derived from D456MG xenografts were used to condition media for 24 hours. These media were added human microvascular endothelial cells grown at a density of 4, cells/ml with 5 ul of cells added to sextuplicate wells of Matrigel coated 96-well plates (D iosciences). evacizumab or an IgG antibody control (final concentration,.5 mg/ml) was added to conditioned media 3 minutes before addition to endothelial cell cultures. The endothelial cells were

incubated in the conditioned media for 16 hours then imaged. Representative images are displayed. ***, p =.3 CD133+ conditioned media relative to CD133- conditioned media by NOV;, p <.3 bevacizumab treated CD133+ conditioned media vs. IgG control media by NOV. Supplemental Figure 7. () VEGF neutralizing antibody, bevacizumab, inhibited SCLGC tumor growth and hemorrhage in mice brain. 1, CD133+ cells isolated from D456MG xenografts were implanted into the right frontal lobes of two groups of athymic nude albc mice (5 animals/group). Tumor-bearing mice were treated with either bevacizumab (5 mg/kg i.p. qd) or control IgG (5 mg/kg i.p. qd) for a total of 19 days until harvest. Mice were euthanized and brains bearing tumors were harvested, photographed and examined. Representative brains from the two groups are displayed. Mice implanted with SCLGC in the control IgG group demonstrated large hemorrhagic intracranial masses whereas the VEGF neutralizing antibody, bevacizumab, significantly suppressed SCLGC intracranial tumor growth and tumor hemorrhage. () CD133+ glioma stem cells are located in the area proximal to blood vessels. Immunohistochemistry staining of intracranial D456MG glioma tumor sections with a specific anti-cd133 rabbit antibody indicated that CD133+ tumor cells (indicated by arrows) are often located in the area proximal to blood vessels, suggesting a close relationship between CD133+ glioma stem cells and blood vessel formation in the glioma progression.

Supplemental Figure 1. Human Glioblastoma iopsy Specimen (T 3379) D456MG CD133 Nestin Sox2 Musashi D456MG Human Glioblastoma iopsy Specimen (T 3379)

Supplemental Figure 2. CD44H CD81 (TP-1) strocytes Map-2 HNK-1 Oligodendrocytes Neuronal Progenitors O4 NG2 Mouse IgG Donkey anti-mouse IgG-FITC Control

Supplemental Figure 3. D456MG ngiogenin bfgf IL-6 VEGF CD133- ngiogenin bfgf IL-6 VEGF CD133+ Mean Total VEGF Intensity 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 * D54MG ngiogenin bfgf IL-6 VEGF CD133- ngiogenin bfgf IL-6 VEGF CD133+ Mean Total VEGF Intensity 12 1 8 6 4 2 * C [VEGF] (pg/ml) 3 25 2 15 1 5 Normoxia Hypoxia * **

Supplemental Figure 4. Human Glioblastoma Specimen CD133- Conditioned Medium Human Glioblastoma Specimen CD133+ Conditioned Medium Human Microvascular Endothelial Cell Migration Number of Migrating Cells 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 * D456MG CD133- Conditioned Medium D456MG CD133+ Conditioned Medium Human Microvascular Endothelial Cell Migration Number of Migrating Cells 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 **

Supplemental Figure 5. Human Glioblastoma Specimen CD133- Conditioned Medium Human Glioblastoma Specimen CD133+ Conditioned Medium Human Microvascular Endothelial Tube Formation Tube Length (% of Control) 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 * D456MG CD133- Conditioned Medium D456MG CD133+ Conditioned Medium Human Microvascular Endothelial Tube Formation Tube Length (% of Control) 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 **

Supplementary Figure 6. D456MG CD133- Conditioned D456MG CD133+ Conditioned + Control IgG + nti-vegf (mb) Number of Migrating Cells 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 +Control IgG +nti-vegf *** Human Microvascular Endothelial Cell Migration D456MG CD133- Conditioned D456MG CD133+ Conditioned + nti-vegf (mb) + Control IgG Tube Length (% of Control) 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 +Control IgG +nti-vegf *** Human Microvascular Endothelial Tube Formation

Supplemental Figure 7. + Control IgG + nti-vegf ntibody (1, CD133+ cells / animal) nti-vegf ntibody: 5 mg/kg/d i.p. x 19 days CD133 Staining Negative Control

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