TOOTH dens, dentis odus, odonotos
Teeth (Dentes) arcus dentalis superior (maxillaris) ellipse arcus dentalis inferior (mandibularis) parabola permanent teeth (dentes permanentes) 32 deciduous teeth (dentes decidui) 20 dens incisivus (= incisor tooth) 8/8 dens caninus (= canine tooth) 4/4 dens premolaris (= premolar tooth) 8/0 dens molaris (= molar tooth) 12/8
Teeth parts crown (corona) neck (cervix) root (radix) pulp (pulpa)
Surfaces and occlusalis directions vestibularis (buccalis/labialis) lingualis (lower teeth) palatinalis (upper teeth) mesialis distalis
Teeth fixation gomphosis (socket) = dentoalveolar joint located in bony alveolus dentalis of jaw periodontium parodontium = all structures around tooth
Peridontium between tooth and dental alveolus (fixed to the bone of alveolus) collagen fibers (serve as alveolar periosteum) fixation apparatus of tooth = fibers of various directions penetrates into cement rapid change of connective tissue, plasticity orthodontics atrophy in lack of proteins and vitamin C scurvy (= skorbut)
Periodontium
Scurvy (scorbut)
Macroscopy of tooth and its fixation
Denture as a whole mordex = denture orthodental position teeth vertically occlusion (occlusio) 80 % psalidodontia (scissors-like occlusion) = norm progenia = lower jaw longer (lower teeth in front of upper ones) stegodontia = roof-like occlusion prognathia = upper jaw longer (upper teeth in front of lower ones) opisthodontia = lower teeth too far behind upper ones hiatodontia (= mordex apertus)
Dental chart / scheme crossed with letters tooth number designed with lower INDEX lowercase = decicuous UPPERCASE = PERMANENT crossed with numbers Roman numerals = decicuous Arabic numerals = PERMANENT
Dental chart / scheme of deciduous teeth Dental chart / scheme of permanent teeth
Dental chart / scheme binumeral (Féderation Dentaire Internationale) 1-4 quadrants (from right side above clock-wise) = PERMANENT 5-8 (similar) = deciduous numeral (American Dental Association) numerals 1-32 (from right upper third mollar clock-wise) = PERMANENT letters A-T (similar from right upper second molar) = deciduous
Teeth structure dentine dentinum (substantia eburnea) enamel enamelum (substantia adamantina) cement cementum (substantia ossea) pulp pulpa loose connective tissue, vessels, nerves
Enamel hardest tissue of body organic part secreted by ameloblasts (enameloblastus) glycoproteins (amelogenins, enamelins) anorganic part 95% hydroxyapatite arranged vertically in prisms (rods) in between interprismatic substance
Fluoridation fluorine is sired under the enamel surface, posteruptivelly from saliva and tooth-paste re-covers defects fluorapatite is more resistant to acids (Ph 4,5) and is produced more quickly than hydroxyapatite (ph 5,5) the more fluorapatite is in enamel, the more resistant to dental caries (tooth decay) supplement: tooth-paste, salt, at dentist
Dentine calcified connective tissue organic part collagen I, proteoglycans secreted by odontoblasts (dentinoblastus) located on internal surface of dentine Tomes fibers (fibrae dentinales) anorganic part hydroxyapatite non-calcified dentine predentine close to enamel and cement
Pulp loose connective tissue fibroblasts immune cells soustavy vessels nerve fibers (senstitive to pain)
Cement thin layer at neck thick layer at root fibrilar type of bone cellular part cementocytes
Gum (Gingiva) mucosa attached to periosteum stratified nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium papilla gingivalis no glands no submucosa gingivodental junction
Gum (Gingiva) linea mucogingivalis gingiva alveolaris (pars affixa gingivae) pink, stippled, keratizing free gingival groove gingiva marginalis (pars libera gingivae) shiny, red, nonkeratinizing sulcus gingivalis junctio dentogingivalis epithelium junctionale
Teeth development (Odontogenesis) oral ectoderm mesoderm cells of neural crest ectomesenchyme enamel is derived from ectoderm other tissues are derived from ectomesenchyme
Teeth development Week 6: lamina dentalis (dental lamina) appears thickening of stomodeum epithelium in each lamina 10 proliferation centers dental buds
Stages of tooth development dental bud (status gemmalis) local thickening of epithelium, 10 in each jaw dental cap (status galearis) ectodermal part enamel organ (organum enameleum) invagination of mesenchyme dental papilla
Stages of tooth development dental cap dental bell (status campanalis) outer dental epithelium enamel reticulum inner dental epithelium dental papilla dental pulp dental sac cement, periodontal ligaments
Stages of tooth development bell odontoblasts (dentinoblasti) derived from mesenchyme cells at inner enamel organ produce (pre)dentine Tomes fibers (fibrae dentinales) cytoplasmatic processes left within dentine
Stages of tooth development bell ameloblasts (enameloblasti) from inner enamel epithelium basal surface becomes secretory production of enamel
Stages of tooth development bell epithelial root sheath (vagina epithelialis radicis) = Hertwig sheath transition between outer and inner enamel epithelium ingrowth into mesenchyme and induction of root formation
Tooth eruption decidual teeth: 6th 24th month enamel organ disrupted during tooth eruption
Permanent teeth develop similarily to decidual teeth secondary dental lamina located at lingual side of dental lamina prolonged distally (molars) eruption from 6th year (finished in 30th 40th year)
Clinical note tetracycline antibiotics are contraindicated in children up to 8 years of age, pregnant and nursing women high affinity to newly produced enamel brown-yellow color enamel hypoplasia