Lab 6 Primate Behavior Lab 4 Primate Behavior Today s Class: - Quiz - Lab & Lecture - Review
Taxonomy - Review
Taxonomy - Cladogram Homo Pan Gorilla Pongo Hylobatidae Cercopithecoidea Atelidae Cebidae Pitheciidae Tarsiiformes Lemuroidea Lorisoidea
Primate Behavior - Ethograms
Family Trees (the capuchins of Lomas Barbudal) http://www.prehensileproductions.com/fam ilytrees/index.html
Ethogram Ethogram: An inventory of behaviors of a species. the behaviors are organized into categories Here are some examples: Self directed behaviors o Self groom, yawn, solo play, sleep, rest Social behaviors o Social peep (vocalization), friendly touch, approach, follow Aggressive behaviors o Aggressive bite, vocal threat, hit, aggressive display Sexual behavior o Sex vocalization, sex dance, mount, thrust, ejaculate Play behavior o Play bite, play bounce, play invite Locomotor behavior o Run, jump, run up, run down Foraging behavior o Handle fruit, ingest, tap stick, bite
Sampling Protocols SCAN SAMPLING Instantaneous scans = one method of recording behavior where you just record the general category of what is happening at one moment in time Usually done at regular intervals; every 30 seconds, or 1 minute, 5 minutes, etc) FOCAL SAMPLING In focal animal sampling all the behaviors of one individual are recorded during a predetermined sample period (e.g., one hour, full day). This method can provide an unbiased set of data relevant to a wide variety of questions, but is often very difficult and time consuming. ALL OCCURRENCE SAMPLING: This type of sample focuses on a particular behavior rather than a particular individual. This is useful for providing the rate of a behavior or for studying synchrony of behaviors within groups. Example) Counting all alarm calls given in a group of monkeys. AD LIBITUM SAMPLING: This sampling involves recording as much as possible. It is informal, nonsystematic, and often used in field notes. Usually low reliability, precision. Main value is in research planning.
Ethogram for a tamarin at a zoo http://gargoyle.arcadia.edu/biology/tamarin/ Methods/Ethogram/ethogram.htm
Short title: Measuring chimpanzee feeding behaviour by Ian Gilby In press in Folia Primatologica Focal sampling is the most accurate method for measuring primate activity budgets, but is sometimes impractical. An alternative is scan sampling, in which the behaviour of the group is recorded at regular intervals. The simplest technique is to record whether at least one animal is engaged in the behaviour of interest. By direct comparison with focal data collected simultaneously on the same population, we assess the validity of this simple group-level sampling method for studying chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) feeding behaviour. In a 13-month study at Kanyawara, Kibale National Park, Uganda, group-level scan sampling provided statistically similar measures of broad diet composition to those produced by focal data, despite considerable seasonal variation. Monthly means of the percentage of time spent consuming non-fig fruit calculated from group-level scan sampling were highly correlated with those from focal sampling. This validates previous methodology used to identify periods of high energy availability. However, group-level scans tended to overestimate the percentage of observation time spent feeding, particularly for adult males. We conclude that this method of group-level scan sampling provides valuable data for characterising broad diet choice in chimpanzees and other species, but may be of limited use for estimating individual feeding time.
Primate Behaviors Foraging/Feeding http://www.arkive.org/born ean-gibbon/hylobatesmuelleri/video-08b.html Communication http://www.arkive.org/indri /indri-indri/video-13a.html Aggression/Vigilance http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=psif5mr 9nq8
Activity Budgets Activity Budgets are used to determine the percentage of time spent engaged in particular activity categories.
Focal Animal Sampling Elmo Use this video to record the behaviors of Elmo (as your focal animal) on your handout. http://vimeo.com/album/1701057/video/29444657 Password: m Video: AA Elmo sleeping with others in background Time will start at 4:00m and run through 6:00m try to record the time on the video when activities occur if you can.
Scan Sampling Video Chimps at Zoo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =tm4si1zo4ns