BIOLOGY 183 MARINE BIOLOGY PIMA COMMUNITY COLLEGE, DOWNTOWN CAMPUS WORKSHEETS FOR UNIT 7 UNIT 7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES See the Biology 183 Unit 7 website. UNIT 7 ACTIVITIES Step 1: Read Chapter 9 in your textbook (Marine Biology, 8 th ed., by Castro and Huber) and answer the questions in these worksheets. For hints or to double-check your answers, go to the Biology 183 website. Step 2: For lab points, do the lab activity entitled Marine Mammal Vocalizations. There are worksheets for this activity later in this packet. Directions are on the Biology 183 website. This lab must be completed at the Biology Learning Center. When you have completed the lab activity, take your results to the front desk in the Biology Learning Center to receive lab points. Step 3: For lab points, do the lab activity entitled Functional Morphology of Marine Mammals. There are worksheets for this activity later in this packet. Directions are on the Biology 183 website. This lab must be completed at the Biology Learning Center. When you have completed the lab activity, take your results to the front desk in the Biology Learning Center to receive lab points. Step 4: OPTIONAL: Gallery of Marine Life: Visit the Gallery of Marine Life website and learn more about the intertidal marine organisms (including marine mammals) in the Northern Gulf of California while practicing what you have learned for this unit. There are practice quizzes on the website. The link to the website is on the Biology 183 website. Step 5: OPTIONAL: Marine Mammal Specimens: Explore specimens of marine mammals covered in this unit. This optional activity must be completed in the Biology Learning Center. Directions are on the Unit 7 website. Step 6: OPTIONAL: Sea Turtle Specimens: Explore specimens of sea turtles covered in this unit. This optional activity must be completed in the Biology Learning Center. Directions are on the Unit 7 website. Step 7: Prepare for the Unit 7 exam. The exam will consist of 40 multiple-choice questions. Thirty-four questions will be factual in nature (to assess whether you learned the facts in this unit). Some of these 34 questions may come from material
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 2 you learned during your lab activities. To prepare for the 34 factual questions, try the multiple-choice practice quiz for Unit 7. Go to the Biology 183 website for the link to this practice quiz. The answers are at the end of the practice quiz. Three questions will assess your deeper understanding of the themes and concepts of the material in this unit (to assess whether you have synthesized the information, not just memorized the facts). The critical thinking questions at the end of your worksheets will help you study for these 3 questions. The last 3 questions will be geography-related questions. Step 8: Come in to the Biology Learning Center to take your Unit 7 exam. The exam will consist of 40 multiple-choice questions. STEP 1: TEXTBOOK WORKSHEETS 1. How long ago did vertebrates invade the continents? 2. List three adaptations that vertebrates have for life on land. 3. When did whales re-invade the oceans? 4. What are the three classes of vertebrates that have marine representatives? (Fig. 9.1) 1. 3. 3. Marine Reptiles 5. Generally describe reptiles. 6. Review: What does the term poikilotherm mean? Ectotherm? (Chapter 4)
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 3 7. What are the four salt-water reptiles? 1 2 3 4 8. Describe sea turtles, including their characteristics. Give at least two examples of sea turtles. 9. Describe sea turtle reproduction. 10. Give at least four reasons why sea turtles are endangered. 11. Describe sea snakes, including their characteristics. 12. Describe marine iguanas, including their characteristics.
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 4 13.Describe salt-water crocodiles. Seabirds 14. Generally describe birds, including four important characteristics. 15. Review: What does the term homeotherm mean? What does endotherm mean? (Chapter 4) 16. What are seabirds? Describe them. 17. What are the five types of seabirds? 1. 2. 3. 18. Describe the penguins. 4. 5.
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 5 19. Describe the tubenose birds. 20. Describe the pelicans and related birds. 21. Describe the gulls and related birds. 22. Describe the shorebirds. 23. Which of the seabirds are most adapted for life at sea? Which are least adapted for life at sea? Marine Mammals 24. Describe the distinguishing mammalian characteristics of marine mammals.
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 6 (cont.) 25. List the four groups of marine mammals, to what Order they belong, and their closest land-based relatives. 1. 2. 3. 4. Marine Mammals: Seals, Sea Lions, and the Walrus 26. Describe the Order Pinnipedia. 27. Briefly describe seals. (Fig. 9.9) 28. Fill-in the blanks on the diagram of the seal on the next page. Label the neck, rear flippers, and front flippers. Include characteristics that distinguish seals from sea lions. (Fig. 9.9)
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 7 29. Describe the economic and conservation status of seals. 30. Briefly describe sea lions. (Fig. 9.9) 31. Fill-in the blanks on the diagram of the sea lion. Label the neck, external ears, rear flippers, and front flippers. Include characteristics that distinguish sea lions from seals. (Fig. 9.9)
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 8 32. Describe the economic and conservation status of sea lions. 33. Briefly describe walruses. 34. Describe the marine mammals in the Order Carnivora. 35. Describe sea otters. 36. Describe the economic and conservation status of sea otters. 37. Describe polar bears.
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 9 38. Describe the Order Sirenia. 39. Describe the conservation status of sirenians. 40. Describe the Order Cetacea. 41. What is convergent evolution? How does it apply to cetaceans? (Fig. 9.14) 42. Describe the appendages of cetaceans, including the flippers, fins, flukes, blowholes, etc. 43. What are the two groups of cetaceans? 1 2 44. Describe the toothless, filter-feeding whales.
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 10 (cont.) 45. Describe the baleen of the toothless, filter-feeding whales. (Fig. 9.17) 46. Fill-in the blanks on the diagram of the baleen whale. Label the baleen, the eye, the flipper, the fluke, the dorsal fin, and the blowholes. 47. Describe blue whales. 48. What are rorquals? 49. Review: What are krill? (Chapter 7)
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 11 50. Describe the feeding style of the non -rorqual toothless whales. 51. Describe the toothed whales. 52. Fill-in the blanks on the common dolphin figure. Label the flukes, flippers, dorsal fin, eye, and blowhole. 53. Describe the sperm whale. 54. Describe the orca. 55. Describe the small toothed whales.
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 12 56. Are dolphins and porpoises the same thing? 57. What are three reasons that cetaceans are at risk of extinction? 58. What is the significance of the International Whaling Commission? 59. What is the significance of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972? Marine Mammals: Biology of Marine Mammals 60. Describe adaptations of marine mammals for swimming.
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 13 61. Describe adaptations of marine mammals for diving. (Fig. 9.26) 62. Describe echolocation. (Fig. 9.27) 63. Briefly describe how echolocation occurs in cetaceans. (Fig. 9.27) 64. What other organisms echolocate? 65. Describe the vocalizations of marine mammals. Why do marine mammals vocalize?
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 14 66. Describe at least two behaviors (in addition to vocalization) of marine mammals. 67. Why do marine mammals migrate? (Fig. 9.32) 68. Review: What is migration? (Chapter 8) 69. Briefly describe the migration pattern of the gray whale as an example. (Fig. 9.32) 70. Describe reproductive behavior in pinnipeds.
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 15 71. State two reasons why cetaceans have sexual intercourse. 72. Describe the birth and early life of baby cetaceans. Critical Thinking Questions 73. Sea turtles have disappeared from many regions, and one way of trying to save them is to reintroduce them to areas where they have been wiped out. This is done by reburying eggs or by releasing newborn baby turtles on beaches. Why are eggs reburied or baby turtles released instead of fully grown individuals? 74. Most seabirds are specialists that feed on particular types of fish and other prey. In some cases this may reduce the chances of competing with other species of seabirds for limited resources. Sometimes, however, we find two or more species of seabirds feeding on the same type of fish. What types of mechanisms might have evolved to prevent direct competition?
Biology 183, Unit 7 Worksheets Page 16 75. Cetaceans give birth to few well-developed calves at well-spaced intervals. They also feed and protect the calves for long periods. This is in sharp contrast to most fishes, which spawn many eggs and spend not time feeding and protecting their offspring. What do you think is the best strategy? Has this strategy paid off in the great whales? 76. Geographic literacy is a component of this class. You need to be able to locate and identify the following ocean regions and locations (all of which are discussed in Chapter 9) on a map of the world for your Unit 7 test and you also are responsible for all geographic terms from past units: Galápagos Islands, Central America, Indian Ocean, Antarctica, Africa, Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Greenland, Sargasso Sea, Indonesia, Bahamas, Japan, Bermuda, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of California, Alaska, New Zealand, Polar, Temperate, Subtropical, and Tropical, Australia, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Black Sea, Europe, Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (approximate location), and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California (approximate location). There is a foldout map at the back of your textbook to help you, plus there are maps in the BLC.