NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*) (*)1. An organic compound is one that: a. contains carbon b. is slightly acidic c. forms long chains d. is soluble in water (*)2. Which of the following elements is the MOST abundant in living organisms? a. oxygen b. nitrogen c. carbon d. sodium e. hydrogen (*)3. A(n) is any long chain molecule formed from repeating monomer units. a. methyl b. organic compound c. polypeptide d. carbohydrate e. polymer (*)4. - COOH is which functional group? a. methyl b. phosphate c. amino d. carboxyl e. hydroxyl 5. -COOH is best described as a/an: a. weak acid b. weak base c. buffer d. strong acid e. strong base (*)6. Of the following functional groups, which one is known as the AMINO GROUP? a. -SH b. -COOH c. -NH2 d. -OH e. -CHO
7. Carbon can form separate bonds with other elements? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 (*)8. Which of the following statements about water is correct? a. It is critical for many of the chemical processes found in living systems b. Polar substances that can form hydrogen bonds will dissolve in it c. Nonpolar substances like oils are not soluble in it d. All of the above (*)9. The cohesion of water is caused by: a. ionic bonds b. hydrophobic compounds c. hydrogen bonds d. covalent bonds 10. A compound that is capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water a. is probably held together by noncovalent bonds b. contains at least some polar covalent bonds c. should act as a good buffer for acids and bases d. does not dissolve well in water (*)11. The formation of large molecules from small repeating units is accomplished by a(n) reaction. a. oxidation b. reduction c. dehydration d. hydrolysis (*)12. The process of forming large molecules from small repeating units is called: a. oxidative phosphorylization b. enzymatic reduction c. polymerization d. denaturization 13. Organic compounds that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio are called: a. proteins b. nucleotides c. sugars d. fatty acids e. nucleic acids
(*)14. The major types of biomolecules (macromolecules) includes all but which? a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. nucleic acids d. hydroxides e. lipids 15. Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates all have certain characteristics in common. Which of the following is not a common characteristic? a. They all contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ration 1C:2H:1O. b. They are all organic molecules. c. They contain simpler units that are linked together making larger molecules. d. They all contain hydrogen and oxygen. e. They are all polymers (*)16. Which of these "Macromolecule:Function" associations is WRONG? Circle ALL that are wrong: a. Nucleic acids: genetic information. b. Carbohydrates: energy storage and transport in our bodies. c. Lipids: Long-term energy storage in our bodies. d. Proteins: Main sturctural element of animal's bodies. e. Lipids: Surround and protect visceral organs. f. Proteins: Main physiological molecule of the body. g. Nucleic acids: hereditary information. h. Starch: main "energy storage" carbohydrate in people. 17. As we form a polymer, what happens to the subunits? a. They become more soluble b. They become less soluble c. They become less acidic d. They become less alkaline e. They become more acidic FILL IN THE BLANKS: (*)18. Any insoluble molecule is referred to as.
---------------carbos-------------------- (*)19. All of the following are carbohydrates EXCEPT: a. starch b. glycogen c. fructose d. cholesterol e. cellulose (*)20. The best description of a carbohydrate's structure? a. A long repeating chain of methyls. b. A ring-shaped molecule, with hydroxyls commonly branching off the side. c. A double helix. d. A beta-pleated sheet. (*)21. The building blocks of large complex sugars: a. monosaccharides b. fatty acids c. amino acids d. starch (*)22. The building blocks of large sugars: a. monosaccharide b. disaccharide c. lipid d. polymer 23. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide? a. glucose b. fructose c. deoxyribose d. starch e. ribose (*)24. The building blocks of starch and glycogen: a. fructose b. glucose c. sucrose d. lactose 25. Carbohydrates have many functions in the cell. Which of the following is an incorrect match of the carbohydrate with its function? a. sugar transport in plants: disaccharides b. long-term energy storage in plants: starches c. long-term energy storage in animals: lactose d. sugar transport in humans: glucose
FILL IN THE BLANKS 26. The storage form of carbohydrates in animals is called. 27. The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is called. 28. A 5-carbon monosaccharide is called a.
--------------fats------------ (*)29. What is a function of lipids? a. Used as cell receptors, enzymes, and transport molecules in the human body b. Used as the physiological molecule in cellular metabolism c. Stores hereditary information d. Used as insulation (*)30. A biomacromolecule which consists of a polymer-like arrangement of fatty acids is a a. Nucleotide b. Lipid c. Carbohydrate d. Amino acid 31. Fatty acids that are unsaturated have: a. an amino group b. at least one double bond c. an excess of protons d. a carboxyl group (*)32. A characteristic common to all lipids is a. that they contain long chains of C-H bonds. b. that they are insoluble in water. c. that they have a glycerol backbone. d. All of these are characteristics of all lipids (*)33. What type of lipids are found as the major structural unit of the cell's plasma membrane? a. triglycerides b. steroids c. phospholipids d. diglycerides (*)34. Common in animal adipose tissue: 35. Common in plant oils in general:
(*)36. Liquid at room temperature: 37. Contains 2 double bonds: 38. Contains 1 double bond: 39. A building block of all lipids: a. 3 saturated fatty acid chains b. at least one unsaturated fatty acid chain c. 3 fatty acid chains d. a phosphate group (*)40. True of the lipids, relative to a carbohydrate: a. less oxygen, so release more energy when used. b. more oxygen, so contain more potential energy c. less hydrogen, so more hydrophilic d. more hydrogen, so more combustable FILL IN THE BLANKS: (*)42. Another name for neutral fats are the. (*)42. The portion of a phospholipid attracted to water is the (2 words). (*)43. The steroids are produced from the molecule.