Infectious Disease SHORT AND CRISP CRAMMER POINTS 1
Reservoir of Important Infectious Disease Reservoir Human Rodents Non Living Disease Epidemic typhus, Dracunculiasis, Ancylostomiasis, Trench fever, Ascarasis Endemic typhus, Indian tick typhus, RMSF, Rickettsial pox Soil harbours tetanus, anthrax, coccidiomycosis, Mycetoma 2
Types of Host Disease Primary Secondary Taperworm (T. saginata) Man Cattle Taperworm (T. solium) Pig Guinea worm Cyclopes Filaria Culex Sleeping sickness Tse tse fly Malaria Anopheles Man Hydatid cyst Dog Sheep, cattle, man 3
Carrier - types chronic healthy convalescent incubatory malaria Polio diphtheria Diphtheria meningitis typhoid typhoid measles typhoid cholera cholera mumps dysentery diphtheria dysentery polio HBV meningitis pertussis Pertussis gonorrhea HBV influenza 4
ANTHROPO ZOONOSES Vertebrates Man Rabies ZOO ANTHROPONOSES Man Vertebrates Cattle T.B. AMPHI XENOSES Man Vertebrates Trypanosoma cruzi
Composition of Reduced Osmolarity ORS 6
Zoonoses (less important) Viral Bacterial Rickettsial Parasitic Rabies Brucellosis Taeniasis Yellow fever Leptospirosis Hydatid disease JE* Plaque Leishmaniasis* KFD Chikungunya Human salmonellosis* 7
Diseases Associated with Rodents (less important) Bacterial Viral Rickettsial Parasitic Others Plaque Lassa fever Scrub typhus Hymenolepsis Rat bite fever Tularemia Hemorrhagic fever Murine typhus Leishmaniasis Leptospirosis Salmonellosis Encephalitis Rickettsial pox Amoebiasis Histoplasmosis Trichinosis Chagas disease 8
Rickettsial Diseases (v.v.imp) Diseases Rickettsial Agent Insect vectors Mammalian reservoirs Typhus Group Epidemic R. Prowazakii Louse (by scratch/ crushing) Human Murine R. Typhi Flea Rodents (Rats) Scrub R. tsutsugamushi Mite* (bite of larval stage) Spotted fever Indian tick R. Conorii Tick* (bite/ RMSF R. Rickettsii scratch/ crush) Rodents, Dogs Rickettsial pox R. akari Mite* (bite) Mouse 9
Rickettsial Diseases (contd.) Diseases Rickettsial Agent Insect vectors Others Q fever C. Burnetti Nil (Inhalatio n, Direct inoculatio n) Trench fever Rochalimaea quintana Louse (faeces) Mammalian reservoirs Cattle, Sheep, Goats Human (only) Distribution Worldwide Europe Also serve as arthropod reservoir, by maintaining the rickettsiae through ovarian transmission Bite causes an eschar Arthropod insect vectors (except Q Fever) 10
Period of Communicability (v.v.imp) Disease Chicken pox Measles Diptheria Rubella Mumps Influenza Whooping cough Period of Communicability 1-2 days before to 4-5 days after appearance of rash (Patient ceases to be infectious once lesions have crusted) 4 days before to 5 days after appearance of rash (Highly infectious during pro dromal stage & during eruption, period of communicability decreases after rash appears) 14-28 days from disease onset 1 week before to 1 week after rash onset (Max. When rash is erupting) 4-6 days before onset of symptoms & a week thereafter 1-2 before & 1-2 days after onset of symptoms 1 week after exposure to 3 weeks after onset of paroxysmal stage (catarrhal stage) 11
Period of Isolation (v.v.imp) Disease Chicken Pox Measles German measles Influenza TB Cholera, Diptheria Herpes zoster Mumps Pertussis Meningococcal meningitis, Streptococcal pharyngitis Duration 6 days after onset of rash Onset of catarrhal to 3 rd day of rash/ 7days after rash onset None (except in 1 st trimester) 3 days after onset Until 3 weeks of chemotherapy 3 days after tetracycline started till 48 hours of antibiotics 6 days after onset of rash Until swelling subsides 3 to 4 weeks or until paroxysms cease Until 1 st 6 hours antibiotics completed 12
Gastro Intestinal Infections: Common Features Mode of transmission: contaminated water, food & drinks Period of isolation: Disease Cholera, Diptheria Shigella, Salmonella Hepatitis A Polio Duration 3 days after tetracycline started till 48 hours of antibiotics (7-10 days) Until 3 consecutive negative stool cultures 3 weeks 2 weeks adults, 6 weeks paediatric 13
Chemoprophylaxis (v.v.imp) Disease Cholera Bacterial conjunctivitis Diptheria Influenza Malaria Meningococcal meningitis Plaque Chemoprophylaxis Tetracycline Erythromycin Erythromycin Amantadine < 6 weeks (doxycycline, chloroquine), > 6 weeks (mefloquine) Cipro,minocycline Tetracycline 14
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Upcoming PSM Simplified Classes by Dr Mukhmohit HYDERABAD: 20-23 MARCH DELHI : 2-5 APRIL NAGPUR : 9-11 APRIL CALL 8699014009, 9914619911