Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN:

Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0978-7908 1 Pharma Science Monitor 7(3), Jul-Sep 2016 PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Journal home page: http://www.pharmasm.com RASANIRDHARANA AND PHYSICO-PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CASSIA MIMOSOIDES L. A SCIENTIFIC STUDY G. Fichadiya* 1, C. Harisha 2, V. Shukla 3 1 M.Pharma (Ayu.) scholar, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar 2 Head, Pharmacognosy Lab, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar 3 Head, Pharmaceutical chemistry Lab, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar ABSTRACT Cassia mimosoides L. sub family Caesalpiniaceae is locally known as Aaval ni Jaat in Gujarati. Ethno medicinal reports, includes the use of root for diarrhea and stomach spasm, pulverized leaf paste was applied for wound healing and seed were used as tonic. It is an unexplored plant hence the present study reports the result of Physico-Phytochemical analysis and Rasanirdharana. The perceived Rasa is found Kashaya, Madhura and Tikta rasa and the physicochemical analysis reveals that the Loss on drying of the sample is 7.044% w/w and preliminary qualitative analysis shows presence of Carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, steroid and tannin content in methanolic extract. The HPTLC result gives the 4 peaks at 254 nm and 3 peaks at 366 nm. The observed data could be helpful to identify the plant Cassia mimosoides L. at Physico-Phytochemical level. KEYWORDS: Cassia mimosoides L., HPTLC, Physico-Phytochemical, Rasanirdharana. INTRODUCTION Cassia mimosoides L. belonging to sub-family Caesalpiniaceae is vernacularly known as Aaval ni Jaat in Gujarati 1 and Neloponna in Tamil 2. The plant is available in the rainy season throughout India ascending up to 2000 m in the Himalayas 3, Dang (Subir and Malegaon Forests) 4, Pakistan and Bangladesh. 5 The plant is erect or diffuse herb or under shrub having curved hairs on stem, greenish to brown with proper nodes and internodes. Leaves compound, unipinnate; petiole short, subulate with a filiform tip; rachis with erect or somewhat curled hairs; leaflets opposite and sensitive to light, linear, mucronate, glabrous with prominent midrib. Flowering and Fruiting occurs in month of August October. The flowers are solitary cyme, pentamerous, yellow in color, stamen 5, bisexual and hypogynous. Fruit Pods linear in shape with minute strigose. 4 Review of literature revealed that many folklore claims are reported on this plant. The root of this plant is used by the folk people in diarrhea and spasm of stomach. 3 Pulverized leaves are used for dressing wounds, sores 3, mouth ulcers 6, spasm of stomach and headache. 5 The whole

Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0978-7908 2 plant is sometimes used medicinally as a cure for colic. 7 Though the plant has been used ethnomedicinally, no work has been reported regarding its Physico-Phytochemical analysis. Few chemical moieties like luteolin-7-glucoside, emodin and its glycosides were isolated from leaves. 5 A new anthraquinones (C 6 H 12 O 5 ) along with chrysophanol and n-hentriacontanol has been isolated from the aerial parts. The seeds contain emodin, emodic acid, physcion, luteolin and its 7-glucosides. The roots yield physcion. 7 In Ayurveda, Rasapanchak determines the actions of the drug. Among these Rasapanchak, Rasa (Taste) is one of the criteria for determining the possible action of plant drug through the basis of taste perception by tongue (sensory organ). Hence it is vital to perform Rasanirdharan (Determination of Taste) of the test drug to understand the possible mode of action of the drug. Isolated scientific information is available regarding the phytochemical profile of this drug. Moreover, to standardize as per monographs, physic-chemical parameters are to be studied to get gist of the physical and chemical nature of the plant. Hence in the present research article an effort has been made to overcome this lacuna by studying phytochemical profile and the taste determination of whole plant powder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection and authentification of plant materials Whole plant of Cassia mimosoides L. was collected by the first author with the help of traditional practitioner from its natural habitat Jamnagar, Gujarat and identified by the Pharmacognosist during the month of November 2015. Herbarium was prepared from the collected plant material and was authentified from IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Pharmacognosy Department as Cassia mimosoides Linn. A specimen of the sample herbarium has been deposited in Pharmacognosy laboratory, I.P.G.T. & R.A. (Specimen No. Phm/6164/Nov. 2015) for further references. Fresh samples were used for various pharmacognostical evaluations and were preserved in AAF (90:5:5) preservative solution. 8 Morphology Morphological characters of Cassia mimosoides whole plant were studied as per visual observation, following the standard procedure of taxonomy and verified with existing floras for authentification. 9 Preparation of powder The whole plant was shade dried and powdered by mechanical mixer grinder then sieved through 80 # sieve and stored in air tight glass container for further Rasanirdharana and analytical studies. 10

Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0978-7908 3 Rasanirdharana The participants who volunteered for the study were explained about the study and their role in the study. Every volunteer was then asked to cleanse their mouth with water, prior to the onset of the experiment. Five minutes after cleansing the mouth, they were given powder of the test drug and asked to record their inputs in the questionnaire. 11 Pharmaceutical evaluation The colour, odour and taste of whole plant powder were recorded separately through visual and sensory perceptions. 12 Physicochemical parameters 13, preliminary phytochemical investigations 14, Quantitative estimation of Tannin 15 and HPTLC 16 were conducted on sample. All determinations were performed in triplicate and the results are presented as mean value. RESULTS Rasanirdharana The results were interpreted based on the Rasa perceived. A total of 30 volunteers aged between 25 35 years participated in the study. Data shows the highest frequency in the characteristics of Kashaya rasa (29.79%), Madhura rasa (25.53%) and Tikta rasa (23.40%) as experienced by the respondents and all results are depicted in Table 1. TABLE : 1 SHOWING RESULTS OF RASA PERCEPTION OF WHOLE PLANT POWDER. Sl. No. Character RASA (Taste) 1. Madhura (Sweet) 25.53% 2. Amla (Sour) 10.64% 3. Lavana (Salty) 12.76% 4. Katu (Spicy) -- 5. Tikta (Bitter) 23.40% 6. Kashaya (Astringent) 29.79% PHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION Physicochemical parameters: Physicochemical parameters of C. mimosoides whole plant powder included various physicochemical analysis. The moisture content in the sample is 7.044 %w/w. The other observed results are shown in the table 2.

Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0978-7908 4 TABLE : 2 SHOWING RESULTS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS Sl. No. Parameters Whole plant powder + Deviation 1. Foreign matter NIL -- 2. Loss on drying % w/w 7.044 0.24 3. Total ash content % w/w 8.678 1.73 4. Acid insoluble ash % w/w 3.781 0.10 5. Water soluble extractive value % w/w 7.83 0.83 6. Alcohol soluble extractive value % w/w 11.80 0.51 7. ph (Aqueous 5%) 6 0.0 Preliminary qualitative tests: C. mimosoides whole plant powder was qualitatively tested for the presence of different phytoconstituents. Carbohydrate, Cardiac glycoside, Flavonoid and Tannin are present in both the extracts. The other observed results are shown in the table 3. TABLE : 3 SHOWING RESULTS OF PRELIMINARY QUALITATIVE TESTS Sl. No. Parameters Whole plant powder W. E. * M. E. * 1. Carbohydrates + + 2. Protein - - 3. Amino acid - - 4. Steroid - + 5. Saponin glycoside + - 6. Cardiac glycoside + + 7. Flavonoid + + 8. Alkaloids - - 9. Tannin + + * W. E. = Water Extract; M. E. = Methanol Extract Quantitative Analysis: The sample powder was subjected to quantitative estimation for total tannin. The result of total tannin content is described in table 4.

Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0978-7908 5 TABLE : 4 SHOWING RESULTS OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Sl. No. Phytoconstituents Whole plant powder 1. Total Tannin content 0.8393 % w/w HPTLC: Solvent system which was designed for HPTLC i.e. Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Acetic acid (7:2:1) v/v was used. The results are shown in the table 5 and peak display at 254 nm and 366 nm in table 6. HPTLC plate at day light HPTLC plate at 254 nm HPTLC plate at 366 nm TABLE : 5 SHOWING RESULTS OF HPTLC STUDIES OF WHOLE PLANT METHANOLIC EXTRACTS AT 254NM AND 366NM Sample Detection condition No. of spots R f value 254nm UV 4 0.03, 0.71, 0.94, 0.97 C. mimosoides 366nm UV 3 0.02, 0.72, 0.93 TABLE : 6 SHOWING PEAK DISPLAY OF THE SAMPLE Peak display of the sample at 254 nm Peak display of the sample at 366 nm

Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0978-7908 6 3D peak display of sample at 254 nm 3D peak display of sample at 366 nm 3D peak display of sample at all wavelength DISCUSSION The whole plant powder of Cassia mimosoides L. exhibits Kashaya, Madhura and Tikta rasa. Katu rasa was totally absent in the sample powdered drug. The physicochemical parameters shows that loss on drying is more in drug means the powder has more capacity to absorb the moisture. Moreover, due this reason the stability of powder decreases. After incineration of the drug powder, the quantity of inorganic residue is more than the mineral composition. The solubility of active constituents in methanol extract is more than the water extract. The ph of whole powdered drug depicts slightly acidic nature of the plant but strongly towards neutral ph. Among the qualitative assessment, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and tannin content are present in both the extract of sample while steroid is only present in methanol extract and saponin glycoside is present only in water extract. Qualitative analysis output showed an overall profile of chemical moieties present in plant extract. Natural products with reservoirs of structural and chemical entities will have definite therapeutic relevance. Quantitative estimation of sample powder showed presence of tannin. The presence of flavonoid and tannin content may be responsible for the taste results which are obtained from Rasanirdharana study i.e. Kashaya, Madhura and Tikta rasa dominant. The number of bands obtained at 254 nm is 4 and at 366 nm are 3. The result obtained, study showed the chemical profile of drug.

Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0978-7908 7 CONCLUSION By adopting Nipata method of Rasanirdharana, it can be concluded that the plant C. mimosoides L. is having Kashaya, Madhura, Tikta rasa. The values obtained from analytical study including physicochemical parameters, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis can be used for standardization of C. mimosoides identity and purity. The HPTLC profile can be helpful for identification of the plant. The standard results may help for the further research works. REFERENCES 1. Pandey CN, Raval BR, Mali S, Salvi H: Medicinal Plants of Gujarat. Gujarat Ecological Education and Research Foundation, Gandhinagar, 2012: 148. 2. Kirtikar KR & Basu BD: Indian Medicinal Plants. International Book Distributers, Dehra Dun, Vol. 2: 875. 3. Gupta AK, Sharma M: Reviews on Indian Medicinal Plants. ICMR, New Delhi, Vol. 5: 629-630. 4. Shah GL: Flora of Gujarat State. Sardar Patel University, Vallabhavidyanagar, Part 1, 1 st Edition July 1978: 271. 5. Guha BDN, Sensarma P, Pal DC: A lexicon of medicinal plants in India. Naya Prokash, Calcutta, 1 st Publication, Vol. 1, 1999: 389. 6. Gowda B, Sringeswara AN, Haleshi C, Rajana MD: Vanaspathi Kosha. Kalpatharu Research Academy Publication, Bangalore, 1 st Edition, 2004: 81. 7. Anonymous: The Wealth of India: CSIR, Vol. 3: 346. 8. Prakash EJJ: A text book of plant anatomy. Emkay publication, Delhi, Reprint edition, 2006: 225. 9. Saxena HO, Brahmam M: The Flora of Orissa. Orissa Forest Development corporation. Ltd., Bhubaneswar, Vol. III, 1995: 388. 10. Khandelwal KR: Practical Pharmacognosy. Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 19 th edition, 2008: 51. 11. Dhyani SC: Rasapanchaka (Ayurvedic Principles of Drug Action). Chowkhamba Krishndas Academy, Varanasi, 3 rd edition, 2008: 43, 66, 67. 12. Wallis TE: Text book of Pharmacognosy. 5 th Ed., CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, 2002: 123-132, 210-215. 13. Anonymous: Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. DISM & H, first edition, Vol.-1, part-1, reprinted 2001: 143.

Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0978-7908 8 14. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB: Pharmacognosy. Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2 nd edition, 2008: 6.13, 6.17, 6.42. 15. Ibidem (12): Text book of Pharmacognosy. 2002: 123-215, 571-578. 16. Ibidem (14): Pharmacognosy. 2008: 6.24-25.