Impact factor: 0.3397/ICV: 4.10 125 Pharma Science Monitor 6(4), Oct-Dec 2015 PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Journal home page: http://www.pharmasm.com PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PRELIMINARY PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF MANIBHADRA GUDA A POLYHERBAL AYURVEDIC FORMULATION Nilesh L. Patel 1 *, Hasmukh R. Jadav 2, Harisha C. R. 3, Vinay J. Shukla 4, Anup B. Thakar 5 1 Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Panchkarma, 2 Ph.D Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana 3 I/C Head of Department, Department of Panchakarma 4 Head, Pharmacognosy Laboratory 5 Head, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. ABSTRACT Standardisation of Ayurvedic formulation is needed in recent era. Adulteration and alteration of herbal drugs effect directly on potency and efficacy of the formulation. So, it is obligatory to use standard raw materials to finished product.manibhadra Guda is a polyherbalayurvedic formulations described by Asthanga Samgraha in the management of Vicharchika (Eczema) containsvidanga(embelia ribes. Burm.F),Amalaki (Emblica officinalis. Gaertn), Haritaki(Terminalia chebula. Retz), Trivrit(Operculina turpenthumlinn.) and Guda (jiggery). Till date no pharmacognostical and physicochemical evaluation was found reported. Considering this it is planned to developpharmacognostical and preliminary pharmaceutical profile of Manibhadra Guda.The sample was subjectedfor various pharmacognostical parameters, organoleptic characters and physicochemical parameters like water soluble extractive (66.80%w/w), alcohol solubleextractive ( 57.10%w/w), ash value ( 3.00% w/w), loss on drying (12.52%w/w) and ph(3.5 in 5% of aqueous solution). High performance thin layer chromatography were carried out after organizing appropriate solvent system in which maximum ten peaks at 254 nm and thirteen peaks at 366 nm distinguished. This observation can be considered as a standard and leads in future studies. KEYWORDS: Haritaki, HPTLC, Manibhadra Guda, Pharmacognosy, Trivrit, Vidanga. INTRODUCTION Ayurveda, the science of life deals with herbal drugs as a single drug or as a formulation in the management of several diseases since ages. Ayurveda fraternity gives more important to standardise single drugs than formulations so, standardisation of formulation is very needed for combine effect of individual ingredients. Manibhadra Guda(MG) is such formulation containsvidanga(embelia ribes. Burm.F),Amalaki (Emblica officinalis. Gaertn), Haritaki(Terminalia chebula. Retz), Trivrit(Operculina turpenthumlinn.) and Guda (jiggery). 1
Impact factor: 0.3397/ICV: 4.10 126 This formulation is useful in Vicharchika(Eczema), Shvitra(Vitiligo), Shwasa (Asthma), Kasa(Cough), Udara Roga(Disease of abdomen), Arsha(Haemorrhoids), Pleeha(Splenic disorders), Prameha(Diabetes), Granthi(Cyst), Krimi(Worm manifestation)and Gulma(Abdominal lumps). 1 Till date no pharmacognostical and preliminary physicochemical evaluation was found reported. So, present study is first to develop pharmacognostical and preliminary physico-chemical parameters. MATERIALS & METHODS Collection and authentication of raw drugs The raw materialsof ManibhadraGudawas obtained from Pharmacy of Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India standards were used for pharmacognostical authentication of Vidanga 2, Amalaki 3, Haritaki 4 and Trivrita 5 based on their morphological features, organoleptic characters and powder microscopy of individual drugs. Method of preparation of Manibhadra Guda ManibhadraGuda was prepared by the GudaPakamethod. 6 Formulation composition of ManibhadraGuda is placed in [Table 1].The authenticated crude drugs of this formulation were crushed in to fine powder separately and passed with sieve no. 120. Finally the prescribed weight of all the raw material was mixed together. Jaggery was first dissolve in water and subjected to heat up to chief desire characters of GudaPaka. 6 Then powders of all raw drugs were mixed slowly in the content for homogenised mixer. Content were stored in air tight glass containers. Table 1 Formulation composition of ManibhadraGuda Sanskrit Name Botanical Name Family Name Part Used Quantity used Vidanga 8 Embelia ribes. Myrsinaceae Fruit rind 1 Part Burm.F Amalaki 9 Emblica Euphorbiaceae Fruit rind 1 Part officinalis. Gaertn Haritaki 10 Terminalia Combretaceae Fruit rind 1 Part chebula. Retz Trivrit 11 Operculina Convolualaceae Root bark 3 Parts turpenthum (Linn.) Guda 12 Parts Pharmacognostical evaluation Pharmacognostical analysis of MG comprises of organoleptic characters (colour, odour, taste, and texture)and powder microscopic evaluation. Small Quantity of MG was dissolved in distilled water, filtered through filter paper. The precipitate was treated with and without stain to find out
Impact factor: 0.3397/ICV: 4.10 127 the lignified material along with other cellular components. These findings were compared with the characters of individual components of MG. The microphotographs were taken under Carl Zeiss Binocular microscope attached with camera. 7 Organoleptic Characters Colour, taste, odour and powder nature were recorded bysensory characters. 8 Preliminary Physicochemical evaluation MG were analysed through relevant physicochemical parameters such as loss on drying 9, ash value 10, water soluble extract 9,alcohol soluble extract 11, and ph value 12. High performance thin layer chromatography 13 Methanolic extract of MG was spotted on precoated silica gel GF 60254 aluminium plate by means of CamangLinomat V sample applicator fitted with a 100µl Hamilton syringe. Chloroform: MeOH (9:1) was used as the mobilephase. After development, densitometric scan was performed with a Camag TLC scanner III in reflectance absorbance modeat UV detection as 254 nm and 366 nm under the control of Win CATS Software (V 1.2.1. Camag). Then the plate wassprayed with vanillin sulphuric acid followed by heating and then visualized in daylight. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Pharmacognostical evaluation Organoleptic characters of MG are placed in [Table 2]. Powder microscopy of MG showed striking characters of all individual components of MG like rosette crystals[figure 2e],prismatic crystals [Figure 2d],simple starch grains [Figure 3d],septate fibre [Figure 3b],fragment of border pitted vessels [Figure 1e] and lignified stone cells [Figure 2a]of Trivrita (Operculina terpethum Silva). Stone cells [Figure 3f], sclereids [Figure 3a],mesocarp cells [Figure 2c], epicarp cells [Figure 1b],group of sclereids [Figure 1f] and lignified sclereids [Figure 2b] of Haritaki(Terminalia chebula. Retz).Stone cells [Figure 3f],epicarp cells [Figure 1c],sclereids [Figure 2f],colouring matter [Figure 1a],stone cells and sclereids [Figure 3e] of Vidanga(Embelia ribes. Burm.F) Whilesilica deposition [Figure 3c] and fibres [Figure 1d]of Amalaki(Emblica officinalis. Gaertn) were seen. Physicochemical analysis MG was analysed using relevant physicochemical parameters at the pharmaceutical chemistry laboratory, IPGT & RA, Jamnagar. The ph (5% aqueous extract) was 3.5, water soluble extract 66.80% w/w, alcohol soluble extract 57.10% w/w, ash value 3.0% w/w, and loss on drying at 110 C was 12.52% w/w observed that is are placed in [Table 3].
Impact factor: 0.3397/ICV: 4.10 128 Table 2 Organoleptic Parameters of Manibhadra Guda S.No Parameters Manibhadra Guda 1 Texture Hard 2 Color Chocolate brown 3 Taste Sweet, Astringent 4 Odor Sweetish Table 3 Physico-chemical parameters of Manibhadra Guda S. No. Parameters Sample - Manibhadra Guda 1. Loss on drying 12.525 % w/w 2. Water soluble Extract 66.80 % w/w 3. Alcohol soluble Extract 57.10 % w/w 4. Total Ash 3.0 % w/w 5. ph Value (5% of Aqueous solution) 3.5 HPTLC On analysing under densitometer at 254 nm, the chromatogram showed ten peaks. While at 366 nm, the chromatogram showed thirteen peaksplaced as [Table4]. [Figures 4a & 4b]. Table 4 Result of HPTLC Manibhadra Guda Wave No of Max Rf value length spots 254 10 1.12, 3.20, 4.30, 9.21, 9.97, 10.11, 10.81, 15.76, 17.11, 18.42 366 13 0.41, 0.44, 0.59, 1.40, 1.42, 1.99, 3.14, 5.24, 5.87, 11.29, 18.73, 21.19, 28.29
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Impact factor: 0.3397/ICV: 4.10 133 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that present observation is a first step towards develop pharmacognostical and preliminary physico-chemical standardisation of the formulation. This observation can be considered as a standard and will helpful in future study. This will comparable with market sample of ManibhadraGuda provided by different pharmacies. REFERENCES 1. Jyotir Mitra, Astangasamgraha,Chikitsa Sthana 21/27,Chukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan, Varanasi, 3 rd edition, 2012.pg 551. 2. Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1 st ed, Govt. of India: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: Department of AYUSH. Part I, Vol I; 2008. pg. 123. 3. Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1 st ed, Govt. of India: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: Department of AYUSH. Part I, Vol I; 2008. pg. 5. 4. Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1 st ed, Govt. of India: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: Department of AYUSH. Part I, Vol I; 2008. pg. 47. 5. Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1 st ed, Govt. of India: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare: Department of AYUSH. Part I, Vol III; 2008. pg. 213. 6. K. Ramachandra Reddy. Bhaisajya Kalpana Vijnanam, Chukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan, Varanasi, 2 nd edition, 2001.pg 206 7. Wallis TE, Practical Pharmacognosy, Published by J&A Churchill Ltd Gloucester Place London 1953. pg 57-59 8. Khandelwal KR. Practical and Pharmacognosy: Techniwues and Experiments. 17 th ed. Pune: Nirali Prakashan; 2008. pg.109. 9. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1 st ed, Part II, Vol. I, Appendix-2, (2.2.10) Pg. 141. 10. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1 st ed, Part II, Vol. I, Appendix-2, (2.2.3) Pg. 140. 11. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1 st ed, Part II, Vol. I, Appendix-2, (2.2.3) Pg. 147. 12. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1 st ed, Part II, Vol. I, Appendix-2, (2.2.3) Pg. 191. 13. Stahl E; Thin-layer chromatography a laboratory hand book.2nd edition. Springer-Verlag New York, 1969; pg 125-133. For Correspondence Nilesh L. Patel Email: dr.nilesh.ayu@gmail.com