HUMAN BODY COURSE LOWER LIMB NERVES AND VESSELS October 22, 2010
D. LOWER LIMB MUSCLES 2. Lower limb compartments ANTERIOR THIGH COMPARTMENT General lfunction: Hip flexion, knee extension, other motions Muscles: Sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis) Innervation: Femoral nerve Blood supply: Femoral artery ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 21
D. LOWER LIMB MUSCLES 2. Lower limb compartments MEDIAL THIGH COMPARTMENT General lfunction: Hip adduction, other motions Muscles: Gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus Innervation: Obturator nerve Blood supply: Obturator artery and deep femoral artery perforating branches ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 22
D. UPPER LIMB MUSCLES 2. Lower limb compartments POSTERIOR THIGH COMPARTMENT General lfunction: Hip extension, knee flexion, other motions Muscles: Hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) Innervation: Tibial nerve (except biceps femoris short head) Blood supply: Deep femoral artery perforating branches ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 23
D. LOWER LIMB MUSCLES 2. Lower limb compartments ANTERIOR CRURAL COMPARTMENT General function: Ankle dorsiflexion, digital extension, others Muscles: Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis, extensor digitorum longus Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Blood supply: Anterior tibial artery ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 24
D. LOWER LIMB MUSCLES 2. Lower limb compartments LATERAL CRURAL COMPARTMENT General function: Ankle plantarflexion, intertarsal eversion Muscles: Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve Blood supply: Fibular branch of posterior tibial artery ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 25
D. LOWER LIMB MUSCLES 2. Lower limb compartments POSTERIOR CRURAL COMPARTMENT, Superficial group General function: Knee flexion, ankle plantarflexion, other motions Muscles: Gastrocnemius, plantaris soleus Innervation: Tibial nerve Blood supply: Posterior tibial artery POSTERIOR CRURAL COMPARTMENT, Deep group General function: Ankle plantarflexion, digital flexion, other motions Muscles: Popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior Innervation: Tibial nerve Blood supply: Posterior tibial artery ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 26
E. LOWER LIMB INNERVATION 1. Femoral nerve ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 28
E. LOWER LIMB INNERVATION 2. Obturator nerve ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 28
E. LOWER LIMB INNERVATION 3. Tibial nerve ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 29
E. LOWER LIMB INNERVATION 3. Fibular nerve ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 26
F. LOWER LIMB CIRCULATION 1. Arterial supply Continuations and branches of the EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY provide blood to the limb. Branches of the internal iliac artery supply the posterior hip region. The FEMORAL ARTERY is the direct continuation of the external iliac artery inferior to the inguinal ligament. The DEEP FEMORAL ARTERY is a branch of the femoral artery. The POPLITEAL ARTERY is the direct continuation of the femoral artery distal to a hiatus in the adductor magnus muscle and within the popliteal fossa. The ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY and POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY, the terminal branches of the popliteal artery, begin distal to the popliteal fossa and end in a single anastomosis, the PLANTAR ARTERIAL ARCH, in the foot. ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 30
F. LOWER LIMB CIRCULATION 2. Venous and lymphatic drainage Blood from deeper structures of the lower limb drains to DEEP VEINS accompanying arteries with the same names. Blood from superficial structures of the lower limb drains to SUPERFICIAL VEINS with no accompanying arteries. The superficial veins begin at the DORSAL VENOUS ARCH of the foot. The GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN leaves the tibial side of the dorsal arch and runs superiorly to join the femoral deep vein in the inguinal region. The SMALL SAPHENOUS VEIN leaves the fibular side of the dorsal venous arch and runs superiorly to join the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa. LYMPH from the lower limb drains into lymphatic vessels travelling with both deep and superficial veins. Groups of nodes are found in the popliteal fossa and in the inguinal region. ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Trudy Van Houten, September 1, 2010 Page 31